Addis Ababa Science and Technology University (AASTU)

Department Of Civil Engineering and construction technology

REINFORCED CONCRETE III

Chapter 5: - Water Retaining Structures

December, 2017
AASTU RCIII CHAPTER FOUR JAN 04, 2016

Contents
4.0 Water Retaining Structures ................................................................................................................... 2
4.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 2
4.2 TYPES OF WATER TANK ...................................................................................................................... 2
4.3 BASIS OF DESIGN ................................................................................................................................ 2
4.3.1 PERMISSIBLE STRESSES IN CONCRETE ..................................................................................... 3
4.3.2 THE PERMISSIBLE STRESS IN STEEL ............................................................................................. 3
4.3.3 DESIGN OF DIFFERENT SHAPES OF WATER TANKS .................................................................... 3
4.3.4 Working stress (permissible stress) method of design ............................................................ 10
Example 1 ............................................................................................................................................... 12
Example 2 ............................................................................................................................................... 16

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AASTU RCIII CHAPTER FOUR JAN 04, 2016

4.0 Water Retaining Structures

4.1 Introduction
Water is the source of every creation. In day to day life one cannot live without water. Therefore
water needs to be stored for daily use. Depending upon the location of the tank the tanks can be
named as overhead, on ground or underground. The tanks can be made in different shapes
usually circular and rectangular shapes are mostly used. The tanks can be made of RC or even
can be made of steel.

The water tanks in this chapter are designed on the basis of no crack theory that is the concrete
used are made impervious so that there will not be any leakage. Design of liquid retaining
structure is different from ordinary R.C structures as it requires that concrete should not
crack and hence tensile stresses in concrete should be within permissible limits.

4.2 TYPES OF WATER TANK

Based on the location of the tank in a building tanks can be classified into three categories.

These are:

Underground tanks usually rest on the foundation.

Tank resting on grounds
Overhead (elevated) tanks usually elevated from the roof top through columns
or supported by the column which acts as stages. This columns can be braced
for increasing strength and as well as to improve the aesthetic views.

In most cases the underground and on ground tanks are circular or rectangular in shape but the
shape of the overhead tanks are influenced by the aesthetical view of the surroundings and as
well as the design of the construction. The shape the tanks can be circular, rectangular, square,
polygonal, spherical and conical etc.

4.3 BASIS OF DESIGN

One of the vital considerations for design of tanks is that the structure should have adequate
resistance to cracking and has adequate strength. Therefore the design of water tanks is
according to the working stress method that is stresses should not be above permissible stresses
for concrete and steel. For achieving these the following assumptions are made:

 Concrete is capable of resisting limited tensile stresses the full section of concrete
including cover and reinforcement is taken into account in this assumption.

 To protect against structural failure, in strength calculation the tensile strength of

concrete is ignored.

 Reduced values of permissible stresses in steel and concrete are adopted in design.

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AASTU RCIII CHAPTER FOUR JAN 04, 2016

4.3.1 PERMISSIBLE STRESSES IN CONCRETE

To ensure impervious concrete, mixture lower than C-20 grade is not normally recommended
and to make the walls leak proof the concretes near the water face need to such that no crack
occurs. To ensure this, members are so designed that stress in the concrete is lesser than the
permissible stresses as given in table below.

Concrete Grade 𝜎𝑐𝑏𝑐 (𝑁/𝑚𝑚2 )

C-20 7
C-25 8.5
C-30 10
C-40 13

4.3.2 THE PERMISSIBLE STRESS IN STEEL

The stress in steel must not be allowed to exceed the following values under different positions
to prevent cracking of concrete.

 When steel is placed near the face of the members in contact with liquid 115 N/mm 2 for
mild steel Bars.

 When steel is placed on face away from liquid for members less than 225 mm in
thickness same as earlier.

 When steel is placed on the face away from the liquid for members 225 mm or more in
thickness: 125 N/ mm2.

4.3.3 DESIGN OF DIFFERENT SHAPES OF WATER TANKS

The design of different types of water tanks is based on the analysis and design of shells
subjected to internal water pressure and different loadings such as self-weight, wind, and earth
quake loads. Thus because it requires a detail analysis and design of shells, in this chapter we
will see only an approximate methods for design of circular and rectangular water tanks.

4.3.3.1 CIRCULAR TANK

The simplest form of water tank is circular tank. For the same amount of storage the circular tank
requires lesser amount of material and for its circular shape it has no corner and can be made
water tight easily. It is very economical for storage of water up to 20000000 liters and with
diameter in the range of 5 to 8 m. The depth of the storage is between 3 to 4 m.

The side walls are designed for hoop tension and bending moments and the floor slab should be
strong enough to transmit the load from the liquid and the structure itself to the ground without
subsidence. The floor slab is usually 150 to 200 mm thick and is reinforced with nominal
reinforcement, which may be provided in the form of mesh both at top and bottom face of the
slab.

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AASTU RCIII CHAPTER FOUR JAN 04, 2016

Minimum reinforcement required from practical consideration should not be less than 0.3% of
the gross sectional area of the floor slab.

If the thickness of the section (wall, floor or roof slab of the tank) works out to be 225 mm and
about two layers of reinforcing steel shall be placed, one near each of the section to make up the
minimum reinforcement requirements.

The design of circular tanks can be carried out by approximate method:

In this method it is assumed that the cantilever effect of the wall will be present for a height of
approximately one fourth of the height of wall that is H/4 or 1 m whichever is more.

The hydrostatic pressure distribution on the wall is shown in Figure below a) the pressure varies
from zero at A to maximum value at B. This is represented by ordinate BC of the pressure
triangle ABC. Draw a horizontal line intersecting the pressure diagram at P at a height of H/4 or
1m whichever is more. Thus the cantilever action will be effective up to the height (h) =BP and
hoop tension will be predominant from P to A having its maximum value at P. The bottom height
of the wall i.e. h = BP will be designed as a cantilever fixed at B and subjected to a triangular
load given by area PBC of pressure triangle. The load from cantilever action thus varies from
zero at P to wH at B.

The maximum hoop tension per unit height at P

1
T = w(H − h) ∗ D
2
 Reinforcement for hoop tension may be provided near both faces. The spacing of hoop
reinforcement (rings) is kept uniform from P to B. At heights above P, the spacing of rings
can be increased.

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AASTU RCIII CHAPTER FOUR JAN 04, 2016

Maximum cantilever B. M at the base

1 h 1
Maximum cantilever B. M at the base = wH ∗ h ∗ = ∗ wHh2
2 3 6
Reinforcement for cantilever moment may be provided near both faces

4.3.3.2 RECTANGULAR TANKS

In case of small amount of water storage is needed rectangular tanks are more economical than
circular because the construction of circular tanks requires complicated and costly formwork.
Moreover compartmentation in a rectangular tank is much easier than the circular tanks. The
main components of a rectangular tank are side wall, base slab and roof slab.

A. DESIGN OF SIDE WALLS

Let, L = length of the tank, B = width of the tank and H = height of the tank

The design of the sidewalls is carried out by approximate method. The method is broadly
categorized as follows:

 Tank wall having ratio of L/B less than 2.

 Tank wall having ratio of L/B greater than 2.
I. Tank wall having ratio of L/B lesser than 2:
 The tank walls are designed as horizontal slabs continuous along and subjected to a
triangular load due to the water pressure varying from zero at the top to maximum height
of h =H/4 or 1 m above the base whichever is greater.
 For the bottom portion the wall is considered as a vertical cantilever fixed at the base and
subjected to triangular loading given by the area P.F.G of the diagram varying from zero
at P and maximum wH at the base.
 Maximum pressure: Maximum pressure (p) for design of wall for horizontal bending per
unit height at level of P = w (H-h) per m

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AASTU RCIII CHAPTER FOUR JAN 04, 2016

Determination of bending moments

The corners are designed for the maximum moment obtained after moment distribution
with the intensity of pressure p = w (H-h) and in the absence of moment distribution the
bending moments may be computed by the following approximate expressions.
1
B. M at the end of the span = 12 pB 2 (producing tension on water face)
1
B. M at the center of the span = pB2 (producing tension on outer face)
16
In addition to bending moments the walls are subjected to direct tension or pull.

In long walls
The water pressures on short walls are transformed into tension to the long walls.
Pressure due to water
p = w (H − h)
Direct tension or pull transformed to each long wall
1
T = w (H − h)B
2

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AASTU RCIII CHAPTER FOUR JAN 04, 2016

On short walls
1
T= w (H − h)L
2

Cantilever moment in short and Long walls.

1 h 1
Maximum cantilever B. M = w ∗ H ∗ h ∗ = ∗ wHh2
2 3 6
II. Tank wall having ratio of L/B greater than 2:

For rectangular tanks in which ratio of length to width is more than 2, the long walls are
treated as vertical cantilever fixed at the base while the short walls are treated as
horizontal slabs (bending horizontally) spanning between the long walls and fixed at
ends. The lower portion of the short wall for a height of h = H/4 or 1 m whichever is
greater is considered to act as vertical cantilever fixed at the base.

 Bending moments.
1 H 1
Maximum bending moment in long walls = w ∗ H ∗ H ∗ = ∗ wH 3
2 3 6
For short walls the maximum bending moment at level P may be taken as follows:
B.M at ends of span
1 1
pB2 = w(H − h)B2
12 12
B.M at center of span
1 1
pB2 = w(H − h)B2
16 16
Cantilever moment in short walls.
1 h 1
Maximum cantilever B. M in short walls = wH ∗ h ∗ = ∗ wHh2
2 3 6

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AASTU RCIII CHAPTER FOUR JAN 04, 2016

 Pull in long wall and short walls

Direct tension or pull transformed to each long wall

1
TL = w(H − h)B
2
Direct tension or pull on short walls
1
TB = w(H − h) ∗ L
2
Since the short wall as well as long walls are subjected to bending moment and direct
tension or pull (acting at center of wall) it will be necessary to design the wall section for
combined effect of these two.
Reinforcement:
 Long wall
Long wall which act as cantilever fixed to the base, reinforcement for moment is
vertical and for the direct tension or pull it is horizontal.
 Short wall
In case of short wall above (h) from base the wall bends horizontally and hence the
reinforcement for the B.M as well as tension is provided in horizontal directions.
For lower portion of the short walls for height (h) the main reinforcement is vertical
whereas for the tension reinforcement is horizontal.

Design of Tank Wall Section Subjected To Combined Effect of Bending and Direct Tension

Let’s assume that two equal and opposite force of magnitude equal to T act on the main
reinforcement the wall section can thus be considered to be subjected to a net BM=M-Tx and a
pull T.

Area of reinforcement is separately calculated for the bending moment and tension or pull and
then added together to get the total reinforcement.

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AASTU RCIII CHAPTER FOUR JAN 04, 2016

𝑀 − 𝑇𝑥 𝑇
𝐴𝑠 = +
𝜎𝑠𝑡 𝑗𝑑 𝜎𝑠𝑡

B. DESIGN OF BASE SLAB

 For tank resting on ground the base slab should be so designed that it can transfer the
load of the liquid as well as the self-weight of the structure to the ground. The floor slab
is normally made 150 mm to 250 mm thick with 3% of the gross sectional area reinforced.
The reinforcement provided as mesh at both top and bottom of the slab.
 For overhead tanks the floor slab is designed as a one way or a two way slab based on the
length to width ratio of the tank. If L/B>2 the slab is designed as one-way slab and if
L/B< 2, the floor slab is designed as two way slabs. The bending moment due to water
load and self-weight as well as weight of vertical wall need to be counted for slab design.

The bending moment at the mid span of base slab will comprise of the following:

 Sagging moment due to weight of water

 Sagging moment due to weight of slab
 Hogging moment due to water pressure on the long walls

Let wd =weight of base slab per m2

And h =depth of water in the tank
∴Net Moment at mid-span

The value of will be maximum when Mc

1 1 1
Mc = whB2 + wd B2 − wh3
8 8 6
𝑑(𝑀𝑐) 1 3
= 0 ⇒ 𝑤𝐵 2 − 𝑤ℎ2 = 0
𝑑(ℎ) 8 6

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AASTU RCIII CHAPTER FOUR JAN 04, 2016

1 2 𝐵
⇒ ℎ2 = 𝐵 ⇒ ⇒ ℎ=
4 2
Therefore the maximum positive B.M at mid-span occurs when the depth of water in the tank
=1/2*the width of the tank.

1 𝐵 2 1 2
1 𝐵 3 1 1
𝑀𝑐 = 𝑤 𝐵 + 𝑤𝑑 𝐵 − 𝑤 ( ) = 𝑤𝐵 3 + 𝑤𝑑 𝐵 2
8 2 8 6 2 24 8
1
𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 = 𝑤ℎ2 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ ℎ = 𝐵/2
2
Due to the pressure of water on long walls

1 1
𝑇 = 𝑤ℎ2 = 𝑤𝐵 2
2 8
If height of tank itself is less then B/2 then the actual height of water in the tank shall be
considered for finding out the values for B.M and tension. In case of large height of tank the B.M
at mid-span may be negative. In such condition tank mid span section is designed by considering
the tank full of water.

C. DESIGN OF ROOF SLAB

Roof of small capacity tank are designed as one-way slab or two-way slab basing on the length
and width ratio. For large capacity tank the roof may be supported by beam supported on column
in regular interval. Flat slab type construction is found suitable and economical for tank roofs.

4.3.3.3 DESIGN OF UNDERGROUND RECTANGULAR TANK

While designing an underground tank the most crucial condition of the tank need to be kept
under consideration and that is when the tank is empty and the soil surrounding the wall is wet.
In this case the wall has to sustain the soil pressure in addition to water pressure.

4.3.4 Working stress (permissible stress) method of design

Reinforcement required to resist a moment M using working stress (permissible stress) method
can be calculated by the following procedures.

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AASTU RCIII CHAPTER FOUR JAN 04, 2016

Referring to the above stress distribution, we have the relation

𝜎𝑐𝑏𝑐 𝑛𝑑 𝑛 280
= = 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑚 𝑖𝑠 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑖𝑠 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑏𝑦 𝑚 =
𝜎𝑠𝑡 /𝑚 𝑑 − 𝑛𝑑 1−𝑛 3𝜎𝑐𝑏𝑐

1
𝑛= 𝜎
1 + 𝑚 ∗ 𝑠𝑡
𝜎𝑐𝑏𝑐

From moment equilibrium of the section, we have

𝑛𝑑 𝑛 1
𝑀 = 𝐶 (𝑑 − ) = 𝐶𝑑 (1 − ) 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝐶 = ∗ 𝜎 ∗ 𝑛𝑑 ∗ 𝑏
3 3 2 𝑐𝑏𝑐
1 𝑛
𝑀= ∗ 𝜎𝑐𝑏𝑐 ∗ 𝑛𝑑 ∗ 𝑏 ∗ 𝑑 (1 − ) = 0.5𝜎𝑐𝑏𝑐 ∗ 𝑛𝑏𝑑 2 𝑗
2 3
𝑛
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑗 = (1 − ) − − 𝑙𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑎𝑟𝑚 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡
3
𝑀 = 𝑄𝑏𝑑 2 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑄 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑄 = 0.5𝜎𝑐𝑏𝑐 𝑛𝑗

𝑀
ℎ𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑑 = √
𝑄𝑏

𝑛𝑑 𝑀
also 𝑀 = 𝑇 (𝑑 − ) = 𝐴𝑠 𝜎𝑠𝑡 𝑗𝑑 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑐ℎ 𝐴𝑠 =
3 𝜎𝑠𝑡 𝑗𝑑

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AASTU RCIII CHAPTER FOUR JAN 04, 2016

Example 1
A reinforced concrete water tank resting on ground is 6mx2m with a
maximum depth of 2.5m. Using C-20 concrete and Grade I steel design
the tank walls.
1. Data
Size of tank=6mx2m
Depth of tank=2.5m
C-20 concrete and steel with Class 1
2. Permissible stresses
𝜎𝑐𝑏𝑐 = 7𝑁/𝑚𝑚2
𝜎𝑠𝑡 = 115𝑁/𝑚𝑚2 (𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒)
𝜎𝑠𝑡 = 125𝑁/𝑚𝑚2 (𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑤𝑎𝑦 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 )

280
𝑚= = 13.33 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝑚 = 13
3∗7

1 1
𝑛= 𝜎𝑠𝑡 = = 0.44
1+ 115
𝑚 ∗ 𝜎𝑐𝑏𝑐 1 + 13 ∗ 7
𝑛 0.44
𝑗 = (1 − ) = 1 − = 0.85
3 3
𝑄 = 0.5𝜎𝑐𝑏𝑐 𝑛𝑗 = 0.5 ∗ 7 ∗ 0.44 ∗ 0.85 = 1.31
3. Dimension of tank
L=6m; B=2m

𝐿 6
= =3>2
𝐵 2
∴ 𝐿𝑜𝑛𝑔 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑠 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑠 𝑎𝑠 𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏𝑠 𝑠
ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑠.

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AASTU RCIII CHAPTER FOUR JAN 04, 2016

4. Design of Long walls

𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑏𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑎𝑡 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑜𝑓:
𝑤𝐻 3 10 ∗ 2.53
𝐿𝑜𝑛𝑔 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = = = 26.04𝐾𝑁. 𝑚
6 6
𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑐𝑘 𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑡 𝑜𝑟 𝑑 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑 𝑏𝑒 𝑎𝑡 𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑡
𝑀
𝑡=𝑑=√
𝑄𝑏

𝑀 26.04 ∗ 10^6
𝑑=√ =√ = 140.99𝑚𝑚
𝑄𝑏 1.31 ∗ 1000
Using 16mm diameter bars and 25mm clear cover
Over all Depth D=d+ cover + /2 = 140.99+25+8=173.99
Take D=175mm
Effective depth d=175-25-8= 142mm
𝑀 26.04 ∗ 106
∴ 𝐴𝑠𝑡 = =
𝜎𝑠𝑡 𝑗 𝑑 115 ∗ 0.85 ∗ 142
= 1876.01𝑚𝑚2 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ
1000 ∗ 201
𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑓 16 𝑚𝑚 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑆 = = 107.14
1876.01
Provide 16 mm diameter bars at 100mm c/c spacing.
 Intensity of pressure at H/4 or 1m whichever is greater H/4 =2.5/4
=0.63 or 1m
At h = 1m from base is the largest
𝑃 = 𝑤(𝐻 − ℎ) = 10 ∗ (2.5 − 1) = 15𝐾𝑁/𝑚2
Direct tension in Long walls
1 15 ∗ 2
𝑇 = 𝑤(𝐻 − ℎ) ∗ 𝐵 = = 15 𝐾𝑁 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ
2 2
𝑇 15 ∗ 1000
∴ 𝐴𝑠𝑡 = = = 130.43𝑚𝑚2 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ
𝜎𝑠𝑡 115

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But minimum area Ast min =0.3% Ag

0.3
Ast min = 0.3% Ag = ∗ 175 ∗ 1000 = 525 𝑚𝑚2
100
1000 ∗ 79
spacing of 10mm diameter bars S = = 150.48𝑚𝑚
525
since steel is provided on both faces, provide 10 mm diameter bars
at 300 mm c/c on both faces.
5. Design of short walls
P = 15 KN/mm2
effective span of horizontal slab L = 2+0.175=2.175
Bending Moment at corner section
𝑃𝐿2 15 ∗ 2.172
𝑀= = = 5.89𝐾𝑁𝑚 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ
12 12
𝑇𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙
= 𝑃(𝐻 − ℎ) ∗ 1 = 15𝐾𝑁
𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑡𝑜 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑒𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑥
175
= 142 − = 54.5𝑚𝑚
2
𝑀 − 𝑇𝑥 𝑇 5.89 ∗ 106 − 15 ∗ 54.5 15 ∗ 1000
∴ 𝐴𝑠𝑡 = + = +
𝜎𝑠𝑡 𝑗 𝑑 𝜎𝑠𝑡 115 ∗ 0.85 ∗ 142 115
= 554.71𝑚𝑚2 > 𝐴𝑠 𝑚𝑖𝑛
1000 ∗ 79
𝑆𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑓 10𝑚𝑚 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑆 = = 142.42
554.71
Provide 10mm bars at 140 mm c/c.
Bending Moment at mid section
𝑃𝐿2 15 ∗ 2.172
𝑀= = = 4.41𝐾𝑁𝑚 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ
16 16

T=15KN

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AASTU RCIII CHAPTER FOUR JAN 04, 2016

𝑀 − 𝑇𝑥 𝑇 4.41 ∗ 106 − 15 ∗ 54.5 15 ∗ 1000

∴ 𝐴𝑠𝑡 = + = +
𝜎𝑠𝑡 𝑗 𝑑 𝜎𝑠𝑡 125 ∗ 0.85 ∗ 142 125
= 412.24𝑚𝑚2 < 𝐴𝑠 𝑚𝑖𝑛

Hence at mid span provide minimum horizontal reinforcements. Provide 10mm

diameter bars c/c 300mm on both faces.
6. Design of cantilevering effect of short wall
1 1
𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝐵. 𝑀 = ∗ 𝑤𝐻ℎ2 = ∗ 10 ∗ 2.5 ∗ 12 = 4.17𝐾𝑁𝑚
6 6
Effective depth using 10mm bars= 175-25-10-5=135mm
𝑀 4.17 ∗ 106
∴ 𝐴𝑠𝑡 = = = 316𝑚𝑚2 < 𝐴𝑠 𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝜎𝑠𝑡 𝑗 𝑑 115 ∗ 0.85 ∗ 135
Hence Provide 10mm diameter bars c/c 300mm on both faces in the vertical
direction.

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AASTU RCIII CHAPTER FOUR JAN 04, 2016

Example 2
A rectangular R.C water tank with an open top is required to store 80000 liters of
water. The inside dimensions of tank may be taken as 6mx4m. Design the side
walls of the tank using C-20 concrete and steel of class I. Assume free board of
15cm.

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AASTU RCIII CHAPTER FOUR JAN 04, 2016

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AASTU RCIII CHAPTER FOUR JAN 04, 2016

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AASTU RCIII CHAPTER FOUR JAN 04, 2016

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AASTU RCIII CHAPTER FOUR JAN 04, 2016

Water Retaining Structures

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