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HTML: Introdução

The document provides an overview of common HTML elements and their usage, including elements for headings, paragraphs, lists, images, and more. It describes elements like <h1> for top-level headings, <p> for paragraphs of text, <ul> and <ol> for unordered and ordered lists, <img> for embedding images, and <div> as a generic container. It also covers attributes that can be added to elements to customize their behavior and appearance.

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prince
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28 views

HTML: Introdução

The document provides an overview of common HTML elements and their usage, including elements for headings, paragraphs, lists, images, and more. It describes elements like <h1> for top-level headings, <p> for paragraphs of text, <ul> and <ol> for unordered and ordered lists, <img> for embedding images, and <div> as a generic container. It also covers attributes that can be added to elements to customize their behavior and appearance.

Uploaded by

prince
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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02/04/2020 Introduction to HTML: Elements and Structure Reference Guide | Codecademy

Cheatsheets / Introduction to HTML

Elements and Structure

HTML
HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is used to give content to a web page
and instructs web browsers on how to structure that content.

A markup language is a computer annotation system for defining the


structure and presentation of text.

Element Content
The content of an HTML element is the information between the opening
and closing tags of an element.

<h1>Codecademy is awesome! 🙂</h1>

List Item Element <li>

The <li> list item element create list items inside:

● Ordered lists <ol>


● Unordered lists <ul>

<ol>
<li>Head east on Prince St</li>
<li>Turn left on Elizabeth</li>
</ol>

<ul>
<li>Cookies</li>

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<li>Milk</li>
</ul>

Video Element <video>

The <video> element embeds a media player for video playback. The src
attribute will contain the URL to the video. Adding the controls attribute
will display video controls in the media player.

Note: The content inside the opening and closing tag is shown as a
fallback in browsers that don’t support the element.

<video src="test-video.mp4" controls>


Video not supported
</video>

Emphasis Element <em>

The <em> emphasis element emphasizes text and browsers will usually
italicize the emphasized text by default.

<p>This <em>word</em> will be emphasized in italics.</p>

Ordered List Element <ol>

The <ol> ordered list element creates a list of items in sequential order.
Each list item appears numbered by default.

<ol>
<li>Preheat oven to 325 F </li>
<li>Drop cookie dough 🍪</li>

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<li>Bake for 15 min ⏰</li>


</ol>

Div Element <div>

The <div> element is used as a container that divides an HTML document


into sections and is short for “division”. <div> elements can contain flow
content such as headings, paragraphs, links, images, etc.

<div>
<h1>A section of grouped elements</h1>
<p>Here’s some text for the section</p>
</div>
<div>
<h1>Second section of grouped elements</h1>
<p>Here’s some text</p>
</div>

HTML Structure
HTML is organized into a family tree structure. HTML elements can have
parents, grandparents, siblings, children, grandchildren, etc.

<body>
<div>
<h1>It's div's child and body's grandchild</h1>
<h2>It's h1's sibling</h2>
</div>
</body>

Closing Tag
An HTML closing tag is used to denote the end of an HTML element. The

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syntax for a closing tag is a left angle bracket < followed by a forward
slash / then the element name and a right angle bracket to close > .

<body>
...
</body>

Attribute Name and Values


HTML attributes consist of a name and a value using the following syntax:
name="value" and can be added to the opening tag of an HTML element to
configure or change the behavior of the element.

<elementName name="value"></elementName>

Line Break Element <br>

The <br> line break element will create a line break in text and is especially
useful where a division of text is required, like in a postal address. The line
break element requires only an opening tag and must not have a closing
tag.

A line break haiku.<br>


Poems are a great use case.<br>
Oh joy! A line break.

Image Element <img>

HTML image <img> elements embed images in documents. The src


attribute contains the image URL and is mandatory. <img> is an empty
element meaning it should not have a closing tag.
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<img src="image.png">

Heading Elements <h1> - <h6>

HTML can use six different levels of heading elements. The heading
elements are ordered from the highest level <h1> to the lowest level <h6> .

<h1>Breaking News</h1>
<h2>This is the 1st subheading</h2>
<h3>This is the 2nd subheading</h3>
...
<h6>This is the 5th subheading</h6>

Paragraph Element <p>

The <p> paragraph element contains and displays a block of text.

<p>This is a block of text! Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur


adipisicing elit.</p>

Unique ID Attributes
In HTML, specific and unique id attributes can be assigned to different
elements in order to differentiate between them.

When needed, the id value can be called upon by CSS and JavaScript to
manipulate, format, and perform specific instructions on that element and
that element only. Valid id attributes should begin with a letter and should
only contain letters ( a-Z ), digits ( 0-9 ), hyphens ( - ), underscores ( _ ), and
periods ( . ).

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<h1 id="A1">Hello World</h1>

HTML Attributes
HTML attributes are values added to the opening tag of an element to
configure the element or change the element’s default behavior. In the
provided example, we are giving the <p> (paragraph) element a unique
identifier using the id attribute and changing the color of the default text
using the style attribute.

<p id="my-paragraph" style="color: green;">Here’s some text for a


paragraph that is being altered by HTML attributes</p>

Unordered List Element <ul>

The <ul> unordered list element is used to create a list of items in no


particular order. Each individual list item will have a bullet point by default.

<ul>
<li>Play more music 🎸</li>
<li>Read more books 📚</li>
</ul>

Attribute alt

An <img> element can have alternative text via the alt attribute. The
alternative text will be displayed if an image fails to render due to an
incorrect URL, if the image format is not supported by the browser, if the
image is blocked from being displayed, or if the image has not been
received from the URL.

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The text will be read aloud if screen reading software is used and helps
support visually impaired users by providing a text descriptor for the image
content on a webpage.

<img src="path/to/image" alt="text describing image" />

Body Element <body>

The <body> element represents the content of an HTML document.


Content inside <body> tags are rendered on the web browsers.

Note: There can be only one <body> element in a document.

<body>
<h1>Learn to code with Codecademy :)</h1>
</body>

Span Element <span>

The <span> element is an inline container for text and can be used to group
text for styling purposes. However, as <span> is a generic container to
separate pieces of text from a larger body of text, its use should be avoided
if a more semantic element is available.

<p><span>This text</span> may be styled differently than the


surrounding text.</p>

Strong Element <strong>

The <strong> element highlights important, serious, or urgent text and


browsers will normally render this highlighted text in bold by default.
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<p>This is <strong>important</strong> text!</p>

HTML Element
An HTML element is a piece of content in an HTML document and uses the
following syntax: opening tag + content + closing tag. In the code provided:

● <p> is the opening tag.


● Hello World! is the content.
● </p> is the closing tag.

<p>Hello World!</p>

HTML Tag
The syntax for a single HTML tag is an opening angle bracket < followed
by the element name and a closing angle bracket > . Here is an example of
an opening <div> tag.

<div>

Anchor Element <a>

The <a> anchor element is used to create hyperlinks in an HTML


document. The hyperlinks can point to other webpages, files on the same
server, a location on the same page, or any other URL via the hyperlink
reference attribute, href . The href determines the location the anchor
element points to.

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<!--Linking a text-->
<a href="codecademy.com">Visit this site</a>

<!--Linking an image-->
<a href="codecademy.com">
<img src="logo.jpg">Click this image</a>

Head Element <head>

The <head> element contains general information about an HTML page


that isn’t displayed on the page itself. This information is called metadata
and includes things like the title of the HTML document and links to
stylesheets.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<!-- metadata is contained in this element-->
</head>
</html>

Target Attribute <target>

The target attribute on an <a> anchor element specifies where a


hyperlink should be opened. A target value of "_blank" will tell the
browser to open the hyperlink in a new tab in modern browsers, or in a
new window in older browsers or if the browser has had settings changed
to open hyperlinks in a new window.

<a href="https://www.google.com" target="_blank">This anchor element


links to google and will open in a new tab or window.</a>

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Indentation
HTML code should be formatted such that the indentation level of text
increases once for each level of nesting.

It is a common convention to use two or four space per level of nesting.

<div>
<h1>Heading</h1>

<ul>
<li>Item 1</li>
<li>Item 2</li>
</ul>
</div>

Link to a Different Part of the Page #

The anchor element <a> can create hyperlinks to different parts of the
same HTML document using the href attribute to point to the desired
location with # followed by the id of the element to link to.

<div>
<p id="id-of-element-to-link-to">A different part of the page!</p>
</div>

<a href="#id-of-element-to-link-to">Take me to a different part of the


page</a>

HTML Element <html>

The <html> element, the root of an HTML document, should be added


after the !DOCTYPE declaration. All content/structure for an HTML
document should be contained between the opening and closing <html>
tags.

!DOCTYPE
! OC ht l
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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<!-- I'm a comment -->
</html>

Comments
In HTML, comments can be added between an opening <!-- and closing
--> . Content inside of comments will not be rendered by browsers, and
are usually used to describe a part of code or provide other details.

Comments can span single or multiple lines.

<!-- Main site content -->


<div>Content</div>

<!--
Comments can be
multiple lines long.
-->

Whitespace
Whitespace, such as line breaks, added to an HTML document between
block-level elements will generally be ignored by the browser and are not
added to increase spacing on the rendered HTML page. Rather,
whitespace is added for organization and easier reading of the HTML
document itself.

<p>Test paragraph</p>

<!-- The whitespace created by this line, and above/below this line is
ignored by the browser-->

<p>Another test paragraph, this will sit right under the first
paragraph, no extra space between.</p>

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Title Element <title>

The <title> element contains a text that defines the title of an HTML
document. The title is displayed in the browser’s title bar or tab in which
the HTML page is displayed. The <title> element can only be contained
inside a document’s <head> element.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title of the HTML page</title>
</head>
</html>

File Path
URL paths in HTML can be absolute paths, like a full URL, for example:
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn or a relative file path that
links to a local file in the same folder or on the same server, for example:
./style.css . Relative file paths begin with ./ followed by a path to the
local file. ./ tells the browser to look for the file path from the current
folder.

<a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web">The URL for this


anchor element is an absolute file path.</a>

<a href="./about.html">The URL for this anchor element is a relative


file path.</a>

Document Type Declaration


The document type declaration <!DOCTYPE html> is required as the first line

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of an HTML document. The doctype declaration is an instruction to the


browser about what type of document to expect and which version of
HTML is being used, in this case it’s HTML5.

Related Courses

Course

Introduction to HTML
Learn the basics of HTML5 and start building & editing web pages.

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