Advanced Management and Leadership

KWL
Major Assignment Worth 20 Marks
Part one: As we know that leadership and management is gives us the direction and lead us to
what we have planned to achieve it, with least amount of deviations, hence before I was
attending to leadership and management course, I knew about it practically, for example the war
between different armies was about how truly an army is being lead and managed, whosoever
was the winner with least amount of resources, they have put true leadership and management.
Secondly, as I am a project manager in construction projects, I knew the value and importance of
leadership and management, which with the help of leadership style we can keep motivating
employees, for example reward to those who perform well or even punish for those who not
performing up to the level. It is important to have overall direction of organization whether it is
going to achieve the overall goal or not, it’s only possible with the help of true leadership.
While, management helps us how to do the works with the amount of resources we have in our
hand, in management, we plan, organize, lead and control the project. For example when we
have a project to complete, we need to have management skills manage the human resources and
other resource required for successful completion of the project.
In summary, the Leadership and management are complementary to each other, missing of any
those two skills would led to failure of projects or any organization.
Part Two: As I was much deep into dealing with different projects in my company, I become
thirsty of learning variety of skills that would help me in better leadership and management of
my projects.
Hence, I would like to learn and boost my below skills as a project manager from leadership and
management skills.

The most important skill I needed to learn from management Skills is:
1- Problem Solving and Decision Making
Problem solving and decision making is a crucial skill for a manager to own it, when
managers face to problems initially they don’t know how to react with it in order to solve the
problem, hence acquiring this skill at professional level will help the managers to act
effectively and efficiently.
Managers who act professionally:
1- Define the problem: actually, where, how the problem acquired and why it’s happening
2- Prioritizing the Problem: if managers are facing two or more problems at a time, they
need to manage it for prioritizing, in order to save time and energy
 3- Understanding my role in the problem: As a manager need to identify your role in the
problem, when you understand your role, you will not blame others to causing of the
problem, instead you keep accountability for everyone.
4- Looking at the potential causes of the problem: identify the real cause of the problem, by
analyzing it, by asking from you peers, employees and your opinion.
Finally, write down a description of causes of the problem by writing it down, by asking
questions such as where, when, how, by whom and why it happened.
5- Identify alternative approach to solve the problem: define different alternative for the
problem.
6- Selecting an approach to solve the problem: select the best alternative as a solution for
the problem.
7- Plan and implement the best alternatives: Making the plan for its implementation
8- Monitoring the implementation of the plan: Monitoring is a must for an effective
implementation.
9- Verification of the problem, whether it has been solved or not. Make sure it solved the
problem or not if not make corrective action, and then check it again until it is completely
solved.

Leadership skills:
 The most important skills I needed to learn from Leadership Skills are:
There are no leaders in this world without influence, because influencing is the way how leaders
lead. In my consideration I needed to learn some skills in this course in order to influences
people, groups, organization and a country.
1- How to lead an organization by influencing individuals, groups of people working within
the organization?
How to lead an organization through power? Every leaders lead differently, for a leader to
be an effective leader they need to influence the people through power and there are variety
of powers such as 1-legitimate power, 2-Information power,3-Expert power, 4- reward
power, 5-coercive power,6- Referent power,
Legitimate power: it’s a type of tradition power, which comes through position they own it
by law.
Information power: someone gains information power while others don’t know about a
specific matter within the organization, and they want to be aware of the information.
Expert Power: people who have more experience in specific field than any other person in
organization is called expert power, for example 12 years of experience in construction
company makes you and expert.
Coercive Power: it is a kind of punishment, for employees to act accordingly within the
organization.
 Referent Power: It all depends on how strong connection as a leader you have with other
social groups or organization
In summary, for a leader to lead an organization effectively and efficiently, they can use
these kind of power to be successful.

Part Three: Leadership and management skills are very important for a leader or manager
to possess it, in order to lead and manage effectively and efficiently.
And here are some important topics to talk about it, such as Treat Theories of Leadership,
Concept and Elements of Management and Leadership, and Theories of Motivations

Treat Theories of Leadership: This theory of leadership is one of first academic

sources, saying that some of people are good leaders while some are not.
Trait theories of leadership identify the trait characteristics of leader from none leaders, and it
is use for accurate prediction of true leadership.

Key Characteristics of Trait Theories of Leadership:

1- Knowledge of Business
2- Initiative
3- Tenacity
4- Energy
5- Decision Making Skills
6- Flexibility
7- Creativity
8- Charisma
9- Emotional Intelligence
10- Derive and Motivation
11- Confidence
12- Honesty and Integrity
Knowledge of Business, it is worth to mention, that the importance of knowledge has
changed through passage of time from industrial era to knowledge society, or from physical
to unique innovations, therefore the transformation of society has changed the leadership and
management style, for example if we look into the knowledge it is readily available in
today’s world, by emerging of technology such as internet, but leader require other skills
rather than information such as analytical skills, business intelligence.
Initiative, is very important characteristics of a leader, in which it differentiate a leader fro,
rest of the crowed and stand him up to be appear, but initiative is also to find new ways of
doing more things, for example if a leader’s job is to make progress, then as a leader to be
initiative is to keep the progress of the work.
When we talk about Tenacity in leadership is all about being persistence and determination,
on the other hand is about continuation of what you are doing as a leader, for example as a
leader firstly understanding what is right thing to do, and then having a good vision, and
finally having the ability to follow up the vision until it is completed.
Energy, change, transformation, dedication all is requires is enthusiasm and energy, for
example, any person want to achieve something, their mind is willing but their body is weak.
Decision Making Skills is crucial skill for leaders and managers for problem solving, it is all
about making different choices for good sake of organization.
For example when organization is facing the financial problem, hence as a senior person in
the organization, you need to make certain choices to solve the problem, for that you need to
make different alternatives, and then choose best out of them then implement it and then
check it whether the financial problem has been solved or not ?
Flexibility is an important skill in rapidly changing economic and environmental changes,
which makes leader to be effective for their organization.
Being flexible means to change the leadership style in unpredicted and unknown
circumstances, it helps the leader for better performance for example leaders need to be
flexible while dealing with people from different fields, industries or cultures, hence as a
leader we should accept and welcome the changes to be at the top of the game.
Creativity in leadership is the ability and creative way of solving the problem in complex or
uncertain environmental changes, it means different ways of solving the problem, for
example the world is changing, business is changing and people are changing, therefore as
leader we need to thinking in innovative ways of solving the problems.
Emotional Intelligence (EI) is ability to control your emotions and emotion of people
surrounding you, therefore as an effective leader on must have EI.
According to Daniel EI has five key elements:
1- Self-awareness
2- Self-regulations
3- Motivation
4- Empathy
5- Social Skills
Confidence is an essential part of leadership style, a leader who lack self-confidence, there
is less likely to achieve their goals, for example as a leader when you choose a vision for
accomplishment, if you don’t believe whether you can accomplish or not, how would your
follower would believe you, hence you will fail.
Honesty and Integrity in workplace is one of most important qualities of great leaders,
which means leaders cannot hide behind lies, if the leader is lack of honesty and integrity,
they won’t succeeds even if they succeed it would be short-term.
Integrity is to give the promises, and then stick to it until you accomplish it for your people.
Concept and Elements of Management and Leadership:
Although management and leadership are discipline which are complementary to each other
firstly I going to discuss the management concept and element then concept and elements of
leadership.
Concept of Management: Management is the process of designing and maintaining an
environment in which individuals, working in groups efficiently accomplished selected goals.
Management is required in all kind of organization such manufacturing companies, severing
companies or even in non-business organizations, no matter what business is the organization
or what is the organization goals, they all have something in common which is management
and manager.
To elaborate further the concept of management we need to understand, that management is
the process of working with or through other to achieve the organization goals effectively
and efficiently.
The management concept can be clearly understood though its characteristics
1- Management is goal oriented process
2- Management is all pervasive
3- Management is multidimensional
4- Management of operation
5- Management is continuous process
6- Management is a group activity
7- Management is a dynamic function
8- Management is intangible force
Management as goal oriented, in which specific goal is design and overall organization is
focusing on it and different employees are working together to achieve goal.
Management is all pervasive, which means the activities involve managing the
organizations are same in social, political or economic organizations.
Management is multidimensional, it is management of three main thing, 1- management of
people, 2- management of work and 3- management of operations.
In management of people dealing with human resource management, and management of
work is dealing with different group of activities, the last is management of operation, which
describes how to deal with input, process, and output and then manage how to convert raw
material into finished product effectively and efficiently.
For example producing juices requires some amount of raw materials such as sugar, water,
color and other material, managing effectively with least amount of resources a good quality
of juice is hall mark of a good operation management.
Management is a dynamic function, which means and has accepted itself as changing to
the environment, and the organization in order to be competitive in the market must be
flexible, and when environment changes they must change their goal and directions.
Management is Intangible force is not tangible but its presence can be seen in every
organization function

Elements of Management: There are some elements of management such as planning,

organizing, controlling, coordinating, and motivating, which helps the organization to
achieve its goal.
Planning is the first and most important elements of management, through planning
organization plan the overall goal of the organization for example what to do, how should we
do it, where do it ?
In planning we clear our direction, and then moving forward for its accomplishment.
Organizing is establishing effective and efficient relationship among employees or among
different departments, for example department of finance coordination with HR department.
Controlling is the process of supervision for the work we have planned, whether we are
going to the right directions or if any deviations occurs the management team to correct it,
for example in construction project management the manager need to oversees the site
project, if any deviation occurs he/ she must correct it.
Coordinating it means working together with understanding each other’s activity in order to
achieve effective and efficient goal, for example working of different departments with each
other end up with a final result.
Motivating is dealing with the human, whereas per good performance the managers reward
the employees in order to keep them motivated

Concept of Leadership: is the process by which a person influence others through power or
any other source for accomplishment and giving direction to the overall organization.
There are various types of leadership style, which can be applied to different organization
structures according to the goal the have planned, for example in military bureaucratic type
of leadership is required for successful accomplishment of goals.
Elements of leadership: In leadership context we have several elements for success for true
leadership, anyone who follow according to this context would become a successful leader.
1- Transparency
2- Learn from Failure
3- Trust
4- Confidence
5- Decisiveness
6- Humility
7- Creativity
Transparency is a good elements for successful leaders, whosoever possess it, they keep
themselves accountable for their actions and, they will let the people in what ways their
decision making would affect them, and whenever there is success they involve others for the
success and take debt for the failure of ideas, concepts, or projects.
Learn from failure, as we know all the great experiences comes from failure not from
success, a true leader always takes responsibility for the failure, and when the fail they can
learn who to trust and finally make them more decisive while making vital decision to his/her
people.
Trust is one of the core principle of true leadership, in other centuries the leadership was
based on the power, but nowadays only element that can be vital for surviving of the
leadership is the trust, leader must make great deal of risks in order to t the people’s trust, for
example when there is conflict between two tribes as a leader he/she must take risk to
become as initiative pace in order to solve the conflict and take full responsibility of the
consequences of the outcome from his/ her decision.
A good leader must have self confidence in order to become successful in whatsoever he/she
is doing for example leaders always have vision to complete, and it will be completed when
they have self confidence in their vision for the good sake of the people.
Decisiveness is an elements that earn people’s trust, it mean keep in mind a good concept
and turn it into a vision and then look forward for its accomplishment, until its completed,
but if you keep changing your ideas constantly and not accomplish it you will lose trust of
people as a leader.
Humility this is important for a leader to be grounded and keep their connection with the
people, and having integrity and honesty to always listen to their people, eventually it will
pay off, for example if as a leader you keep listening to your people and then do whatever
you can for your people you will earn their trust.
Creativity is important for complex situation, finding new ways of doing things for example
in technology industry it is required to think in innovative ways in order to stay in dynamic
environment of business if you as leadership board in your company don’t think out of box
for the solution you will fail.

Theories of Motivations: From beginning when organization were established,

various people concerning what motivates people trying to address some of issues to help the
organization to earn better and faster, hence they come up with some of theories which was
named theories of motivation, for example we have Maslow’s Need Hierarchy theory,
Herzberg’s Motivation Hygiene Theory, and McClelland’s Need Theory and many other
theories.

Maslow’s Need Hierarchy theory: It is one of most famous and important theories of
motivations, it’s based on human needs, and it classified the human needs into hierarchy
from lower to higher the human needs increases, for example psychological need, safety
needs, social need, esteem need, self-actualization.
According to the category of people the need varies, for example lower class people is at the
bottom which is psychological need and higher level is self-actualization.
Psychological need is the basic need for human survival including food, clothing, and
shelter, once the psychological need is fulfilled the other need are coming up, for example
need for safety.
Safety Needs after satisfying the psychological need, the next need is safety need, it mean
economic security and safety from physical danger, for example someone who is in this level
they try work hard to earn money for their survival.
Social Need, as human is a social well-being, they need to interact with other people in their
environment, for example they need to have entertainment, it is not possible without social
interaction or they need to help each other in society, it is not possible without social
interaction.
Esteem Need is referring to the self- stem and self-confidence, and fulfillment of self-esteem
contribute to confidence, strength and capability of doing good thing for the organization,
inability to be useful to the organization lead human to feel inferiority, and weakness.
Self-actualization are the highest level in Maslow's hierarchy, and refer to the realization of a
person's potential, self-fulfillment, seeking personal growth and peak experiences. Maslow describes
this level as the desire to accomplish everything that one can, to become the most that one can be.
Individuals may perceive or focus on this need very specifically. For example, one individual may
have a strong desire to become an ideal parent. In another, the desire may be expressed economically,
academically or athletically. For others, it may be expressed creatively, in paintings, pictures, or
inventions.

End of Major Assignment