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Answer 1

The document discusses descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics summarize and describe data through measures like mean, median and mode. It presents data through tables, charts and graphs. Inferential statistics make generalizations about a population based on a sample. It determines the likelihood of population characteristics based on sample properties. The key differences are that descriptive statistics define a population, present results, and explain scenarios, while inferential statistics allow conclusions about a broader population beyond available data through probabilities.

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112 views

Answer 1

The document discusses descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics summarize and describe data through measures like mean, median and mode. It presents data through tables, charts and graphs. Inferential statistics make generalizations about a population based on a sample. It determines the likelihood of population characteristics based on sample properties. The key differences are that descriptive statistics define a population, present results, and explain scenarios, while inferential statistics allow conclusions about a broader population beyond available data through probabilities.

Uploaded by

Bhawna Tiwari
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ANSWER 1-

FUNCTIONS OF STATISTICS:

 Statistics helps with providing a better understanding and the objective explanation of the
phenomenon of nature.

 Statistics helps in the planning of any statistical analysis correctly and successfully in every
area of research.

 Statistics helps in the review of applicable quantitative evidence.

 Statistics allows us to view complex data in a tabular, diagrammatic and graphic form
appropriate for consistent and straightforward interpretations of the results.

 Statistics help to explain the nature and the frequency of the phenomenon variability through
the quantitative observations.

 Statistics help us to draw the relevant inferences and calculate their reliability concerning the
population parameters from the survey data.

Before discussing the differences between inferential statistics and descriptive statistics, we must
understand what they mean:

DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS refers to a study that explains the essential aspects of the dataset
quantitatively. It uses the central trend measures, which are mean, median and mode, and
dispersion measures like Quartile Deviation, Variance, Range, and standard deviation, etc. 
The analyst presents the data in such a manner that using numerical and graphical methods,
including the charts, tables, and graphs to represent results effectively. The text is provided to
help the figures, describing what they represent.

INFERENTIAL STATISTICS is generalized from the sample to the population in which it is


possible to deduce the results of the sample collection to the broader community from which the
survey is obtained. This is a simple way to draw hypotheses about the population if every part of
the universe cannot be queried. The sample which is chosen represents the entire population,
which includes important features of the population. 
Inferential statistics determines the likelihood of population according to the probability function
characteristics depending on the properties of the sample.

KEY DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE INFERENTIAL AND THE DESCRIPTIVE


STATISTICS ARE:

 In descriptive statistics is a discipline that deals with defining the population being observed.
On the contrary, the inferential statistics is a form of statistics based on observation and
sample analysis that focuses on concluding the population.
 Descriptive data sensibly gather the data, organize, analyses, and present the results. On the
other hand, the inferential statistics contrast evidence, checks theory, and allows projections
of future outcomes.

 In the descriptive statistics, the results are in the form of diagrammatic or tabular description,
while the final result is displayed as a probability in the inferential statistics.

 Descriptive data explains the scenario while, on the other hand, the inferential statistics
illustrate the likelihood of an occurrence.

 Descriptive data clarifies to describe the sample results, which is already known – to
summarize the sample. Conversely, the inferential statistics aim to conclude to know about
the population which goes beyond the available data.

ANSWER 2-
(I) Attitude of person- It is a qualitative variable.

(II) Product satisfaction level- It is a qualitative variable.

(III) Time needed to solve a problem- It is a quantitative variable and is continuous in


nature as it is not fixed as to how much time will be taken.

(IV) Number of questions in an exam- It is a quantitative variable and discrete as it is a


definite number and is countable.

(V) Temperature of a room- It is a quantitative variable and is continuous in nature.

ANSWER 3-
(I) From the histogram it is observed that only 2 (two) kids matching the situation.
(II) Out of total 7 kids only 5 (five) kids are matching the situation of least 5’ but not more
than 5’6.

(III) No, in that situation the kid will be count in category of bin or in adult identifying in kid
category which is between 6’ and 6’3 because 6’ and more is considered as talk for a kid.

(IV) No, as per the data there were 2 (two) kids of heights from 5’ to 5’3. But they both can be
in height of 5’1 or something else.

ANSWER 5-
(I)
Section A’s wage bill is 18000 (40*450)
Section B’s wage bill is 22750 (65*350)
Here, section B has larger bill so Section B will have larger wage bill.

(II)
Section A’s Coefficient variance is 1.56% (7/450*100)
Section B’s Coefficient variance is 2.57% (9/350*100)
Here, in section of B has more consistency therefore, there is greater variability of wage for A
section.

ANSWER 6-

Bank credit card Travel & entertainment credit card


Yes No Total
Yes 10 40 50
No 6 144 150
Total 16 184 200
(Totals of rows and columns has been calculated)

(I) The student has a bank credit card:


From the table it is shown that out of the total 200 students the students who have bank credit
card are 50
Therefore, the probability of selecting a student that has a bank credit card
= 50/200 = 1 / 4

(II) The student has bank credit card & a travel & entertainment credit card:
If the student with bank card is event A and student with travel & entertainment credit card is
event B then common of A and B is 10
Probability = 10/200 = 1/20

(III) Bank credit card or travel & entertainment credit card:


If the student with bank card is event A and student with travel & entertainment credit card is
event B then
P (A)= 50/200
P(B)= 16/200
Common of P(A) and P(B) = 10/200
Therefore Probability = (50+16-10)/200
= 56/200 = 7/25

(IV) The student has neither a bank credit card nor a travel & entertainment credit card:
From the table the students who don’t have bank credit card and travel and entertainment credit
card = 144
Therefore, the probability= 144/200 = 18/25

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