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Failures in Different Types of Construction

Masonry structures often fail due to vibrations from earthquakes generating shear stresses that damage structural elements. Common masonry failure modes include in-plane failure, out-of-plane failure, corner failures, and separation of thick walls. Reinforced concrete structures frequently fail due to poor quality concrete, workmanship, design, overloading, reinforcement corrosion, or weak foundations. Small residential buildings sometimes fail due to poor materials, lack of construction knowledge, or ignoring engineers' designs. Steel structures are prone to failure from excessive deformation, instability, creep, stress corrosion, fatigue, or brittle fracture. Welded joints often initiate failure due to stress concentrations, residual welding stresses, or metall

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Usama Shafique
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44 views

Failures in Different Types of Construction

Masonry structures often fail due to vibrations from earthquakes generating shear stresses that damage structural elements. Common masonry failure modes include in-plane failure, out-of-plane failure, corner failures, and separation of thick walls. Reinforced concrete structures frequently fail due to poor quality concrete, workmanship, design, overloading, reinforcement corrosion, or weak foundations. Small residential buildings sometimes fail due to poor materials, lack of construction knowledge, or ignoring engineers' designs. Steel structures are prone to failure from excessive deformation, instability, creep, stress corrosion, fatigue, or brittle fracture. Welded joints often initiate failure due to stress concentrations, residual welding stresses, or metall

Uploaded by

Usama Shafique
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Failures in Different Types of Construction

In Masonry Construction:-
Vibrations caused by earthquakes generate additional loading. Shear stresses
develop which cause damage to structural elements. Since masonry, which can be
stressed relatively high in compression, is weak in resisting bending and shear,
collapse is often the result. The different failures modes of masonry are

In-Plane Failure

Out of Plane, Diaphragm, Connection & Walls Opening Failure


Tearing apart of Walls

Corner Failure
Thick Walls Separation in Layers

Wall from Roof Separation

Adjacent Structures Pounding/Hammering


In Concrete Construction:-
Types of failures in reinforced concrete buildings are mainly due to poor concrete
quality, poor workmanship, negligence, improper design, overloading, reinforcement
corrosion, failure of foundations due to soil etc.

In small residential buildings the quality of construction is seldom questionable. The


reason varies from poor building material quality to lack of knowledge of good
construction practices. Most of the times, engineers are ignored by individual house
owners and masons are given sole responsibility of both design and construction.
Improper Loading Failure

Poor Water Quality & Concrete Mix Failure


Substandard Aggregates Failure

Failure from weak Soil Condition


Failure by Corrosion
In Steel Construction:-
There are six basic mechanisms of failure: failure due to excessive plastic
deformation as the result of static overload or impact, instability, creep, stress
corrosion, fatigue and brittle fracture. Conventional design methods almost
entirely eliminate the risk from the first two causes, and to a very large extent the
risk of failure from creep. Fatigue is the most common cause of failure, and brittle
fracture the most spectacular. In the occurrences of failure, joints and in
particular the presence of welded joints, frequently play a decisive part owing to:
(a) the stress concentration they produce, (b) the residual stress caused by
welding, and (c) the metallurgical changes produced by welding. The remedy for
avoiding these failures lies in two directions: the wider spread of what is already
known mainly through normal educational channels, and an intensification of the
research effort in those areas where knowledge is still fragmentary .

Buckling Failure
Rusting Failure

Connection Failure
Fatigue Failure

Fire Failure
Weld Failure

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