READINGS IN THE PHILIPPINE HISTORY

(OUTCOME-BASED MODULE)

MODULE 1

INTRODUCTION TO HISTORY

GENERAL OBJECTIVE:

This module emphasizes the relevance of studying Philippine History in the 21 st. Century. It focuses on analyzing
Philippine history from multiple perspectives based on selected primary sources from various disciplines and genres.

This chapter introduces history as a discipline and as a narrative. It presents the definition of history, which
transcends the common definition of history as the study of the past. This also discusses several issues in history that
consequently opens up for the theoretical aspects of the discipline.

Ultimately, this chapter also tackles the task of the historian as the arbiter of facts and evidences in making his
interpretation and forming historical narrative.

LEARNING OUTCOMES:

At the end of this module, the students are expected to:

1. Gather information about Philippine history marked by important events, places and persons forming
the growth of societies and distinctive culture.
2. Incorporate the notable events that took place in our country, unfurling the aspirations of the people and
unfolding the possibilities of the future
3. Explain how conflicts and controversies affect our history
4. Appreciate the importance of history in the social and national life of the Philippines
5. Develop a sense of identity and pride in being a Filipino

TOPICS:

1. Definition and Subject Matter

2. Questions and Issues in History
3. History and the Historian
4. Oral and Local History
5. Philippine History: Spaces for Conflicts and Controversies
LEARNING EXPERIENCES:

Take Note: Make sure that you are the one who will make an effort in answering the following activities. If I found out
that you are not the one who supplied the needed answers and you tried to copy the work of your classmates, your
scores will not be recorded. Follow and read the instructions carefully. Be HONEST and be RESPONSIBLE.

A. Instructions: True or False. Write true if the statement is true. Otherwise, write false in the space provided.

True 1. History is the study of the past.

True 2. The subject of historiography is history itself.
False 3. History has no use for the present, thus, the saying “past is past” is true.
False 4. History is limited to the story of a hero versus a villain.
False 5. The historians are the only source of history.
False 6. Only primary sources may be used in writing history.
True 7. There are three types of sources: primary, secondary and tertiary sources.
False 8. External criticism is done by examining the physical characteristics of a source.
False 9. Internal criticism is done by looking at a source’s quality of paper and type of ink, among others.
False 10. The historians are the only source of history.
B. Questions to Answer.
1. How do events happen in history?

2. Why did some civilization fail to survive?
 Some civilization fail to survive because of the problems they encountered some of this are
uncontrollable population movement, new epidemic disease failing states leading to increase
warefare, collapse of trading routes to famine, and climate change
3. What is the relevance of history and historian? Explain
 History is
4. How can total history be achieved by oral and local history?

5. Do you agree that Philippine history is a story of struggle? Why or Why not?

ASSESSMENT:

Instructions: In a form of an essay, explain how conflicts and controversies affect our history.

Rubrics for Essay

CRITERIA Excellent Very Good Good Poor Score

Essay includes Essay includes three or Essay includes one or Facts and concepts in
Historical substantial four facts or concepts two facts or concepts essay come only
Knowledge: information (more not found in the text. not found in the text. from text.
Knowledge than 4 facts or
outside of text concepts) not found
(20%) in the text

The most important The writer includes The writer is missing Information included
historical concepts or some of the most most of the important is either irrelevant or
information important historical historical concepts or insignificant to the
necessary to answer concepts or information necessary question. The writer
the question are information, although to answer the does not include any
Accuracy and included. Concepts one or two key ideas questions. Specific of the most
Importance and facts included are missing. Any details included may significant historical
(30%) are accurate and misconceptions/ be accurate but could concepts or terms.
used appropriately in factual errors are be seen as Key statements
the essay. minor and do not insignificant. reveal
affect the overall Alternately, there are misconceptions;
accuracy of the no misconceptions but details and examples
argument. factual errors are contain many factual
prevalent enough to errors.
negatively impact
accuracy.

Historical The essay clearly experiences. The The essay articulates a The essay discusses events of today,
Thinking: describes how the writers provide own connection between making a superficial or loose
Connection to events of today have opinion or ideas about events today and connection to historical events.riter
today/ their roots in the historical events. discusses only events of today without
Application historical making any link to historical events.
(40%)
 question/topic and
cite examples related
to present.
Historical The essay’s The essay’s The writing addresses The essay responds
Communication organization is logical organization is the topic, but contains to the topic but does
and and appropriate to generally logical and many extraneous or so in either a very
Organization of the topic; the appropriate to the loosely related ideas. general or a very
Ideas (10%) organizational topic. The essay has a The writing responds haphazard way.
scheme may be core argument that to the question, but Ideas, details or
chronological or responds to the rather thinly or events appear strung
thematic. The essay question. Key unevenly. There may together in a loose or
has a core argument statements, and be a central argument random fashion.
that responds to the supporting details, are but the key statements There is no
question. The writer generally in support of and supporting details distinction between
includes key the topic, although the do not always further key statements and
statements that connection may not be that argument. supporting details or
contribute to the obvious at times. The the details do not
argument. Each key organizational support the
statement is structure is strong statements.
supported by enough to move the
relevant specifics. reader through the
The organization and text and help the
the focus of the essay reader interpret the
make interpretation purpose/ main idea
of the purpose/ main without too much
idea easy for the confusion.
reader.

Total:100%

REFERENCES:

 Carr, E. (1991). What is History. London, United Kingdom: Penguin

 Lemon, M. (1995). The Discipline of History and the History of Thought. New York, United States of
America: Routledge
 Tosh, J. (2002). The Pursuit of History: Aims, Methods and New Directions in the Study of Modern
History (Revised 3rd Ed.). London, United Kingdom: Pearson Education Ltd.
 Maria Christine N. Halili. (2015). Philippine History (2 nd Ed.). Rex Bookstore, Inc.
 John Lee P. Candelaria, Veronica C. Alphora (2018). RBS Readings in Philippine History (1 st. Ed.). Rex
Bookstore, Inc.
 Nestor M. Asuncion, Geoffrey Rhoel C. Cruz, Bernardino C. Ofalia. Readings in Philippine History. C & E
Publishing, Inc., 2019

Prepared by:

ROCHELLE M. BACONG, LPT

Instructor

“I can do all things through Christ who

strengthens me” Philippians
4:13