LECTURE 6

1. Selection Statements:
Conditional expressions are mainly used for decision making. C++ provides
multiple selection structures: if, if/else, else if, nested if and switch.

2. The Single If Statement Structure:

The IF statement is used to express conditional expression. If the given
condition is true then it will execute the statements; otherwise it will execute
the optional statements.

General Form of single-selection If statement:

if ( expression or condition ) statement1 ;

condition statement1

Example 1: if ( avrg >= 3.5 )

cout << “good”;

Example 2: if ( x > 0.0 )

sum += x;

Example 3: cin >> num;

if ( num == 0 )
zcount = zcount + 1;
 Example 1
Write a C++ program to read any two numbers and
print the largest value of it:
#include<iostream.h>
void main( )
{
Float x,y;
Cout<<”Enter any two numbers\n”;
Cin>>x>>y;
If (x>y)
Cout << “largest value is”<<x<<endl;
}

3. The Single Block If Statement Structure :

The block IF statement are enclosed in ({) and (}) to group declaration and
statements into a compound statement or a block. These blocks are always
considered as a single statement. The structure is:

General Form of single block selection If statement:

if ( expression or condition )
{
statement1 ;
statement2 ;
statement3 ;
}

Example 2
Write a C++ program to read a number and check if it’s positive,
if it’s so print it, add it to a total, and decrement it by 2:
#include<iostream.h>
void main( )
{
int num, total=0;
cin >> num;
if ( num >= 0 )
{ cout << num <<” is a positive”;
total += num; num = num – 2;
} }
 General Form of If/else statement:
if ( expression) if ( expression)
statement1 ; {statements }
else statement2 ; else {statements}

4. The If/else Statement Structure:

The IF structure is

true condition
false
Statement1 Statement2

In this case, either of the two statements are executed depending upon the
value of the expression. Note that there is a semicolon after each of the
statement but not after the IF expression. Note that the else statement without
braces leads to confusion so:
If (i>j) { If (a>b)
temp=a;
}
Else
temp=b;

Example 1: cin >> value;

if ( value >= 0 )
cout << “positive”;
else
cout << “negative”;
Example 2: cin >> num1 >> num2;
if ( num1 > num2 )
cout << num1;
else
cout << num2;

Example 3
Write a C++ program to read a student degree, and check if it’s
degree greater than or equal to 50, then print pass, otherwise print fail:
#include<iostream.h>
void main( )
{
int degree;
cin >> degree;
if (degree >= 50 )
cout << ”pass”;
else
cout << “fail”;
}

Example 4
Write a C++ program to read a number, and check if it’s even or
odd:
#include<iostream.h>
void main( )
{
int num;
cin >> num;
if ( num % 2 == 0 )
cout << ”even”;
else
cout << “odd”;
}
5. Else if Statements:

General Form of else if statement:

if ( expression or condition 1 ) statement1 ;

else if ( expression or condition 2 ) statement2 ;
else if ( expression or condition 3 ) statement3 ;
:
else if ( expression or condition n ) statement-n ;
else statement-e ;

Example 1:
if ( value == 0 ) cout << “grade is A”;
else if ( value == 1 ) cout << “grade is B”;
else if ( value == 2 ) cout << “grade is C”;
else cout << “grade is X”;

Example 5
Write a C++ program to read a number, and print the day of the
week:
#include<iostream.h>
void main( )
{
int day;
cin >> day;
if ( day == 1 ) cout << “Sunday”;
else if (day == 2 ) cout << “Monday”;
else if (day == 3 ) cout << “Tuesday”;
else if (day == 4 ) cout << “Wednesday”;
else if (day == 5 ) cout << “Thursday”;
else if (day == 6 ) cout << “Friday”;
else if (day == 7 ) cout << “Saturday”;
else cout << “Invalid day number”;

}
 Example 6
Write C++ program to compute the value of Z according to the
following equations:

Z={ x+5 :x<0

cos(x) + 4 : x = 0
√x :x>0
#include<iostream.h>
void main( )
{
int Z, x;
cout << "Enter X value \n";
cin >> x;
if ( x < 0 ) Z= x + 5;
else if ( x == 0 ) Z= cos(x) + 4;
else Z= sqrt(x);
cout << "Z is " << Z;
}

6. Nested If Statements:
Some of the samples of NESTED if-else constructions are shown below:

If (exp.) { Statements } If (exp.) { If (exp.) {

Else { Statements} If (exp.) {Statements} If (exp.) {Statements}
Else { Statements} } Else { Statements} }
Else {Statements} Else {If (exp)
{Statements}
Else {Statement}
}
Example 7
Write C++ program to find a largest value among three numbers:
#include<iostream.h>
void main( )
{
#include<iostream.h>
void main( )
{
Float x,y,z;
Cout<<”Enter any two numbers\n”;
Cin>>x>>y,z;
If (x>y) {
If (x>z)
Cout << “largest value is”<<x<<endl;
Else
Cout << “largest value is”<<z<<endl;
}
Else If (y>z)
Cout << “largest value is”<<y<<endl;
Else
Cout << “largest value is”<<z<<endl;
}
 LECTURE 7

1. The Switch Selection Statement (Selector):

The switch statement is a special multi way decision maker that tests
whether an expression matches one of the number of constant values,
and braces accordingly.

General Form of Switch Selection statement:

switch ( selector )
{
case label1 : statement1 ; break;
case label2 : statement2 ; break;
case label3 : statement3 ; break;
:
case label-n : statement-n ; break;
default : statement-e ; break;
}

Example 1: switch (value)

{
case 0: cout << “grade is A”;
break;
case 1: coucout << “grade is B”;
break;
case 2: coucout << “grade is C”;
break;
default: cout << “grade is X”;
break;
}
Example 1
Write C++ program to read integer number, and print the name of
the day in a week:
#include<iostream.h>
void main( )
{
int day;
cout << “Enter the number of the day \n”;
cin >> day;
switch (day)
{
case 1: cout << “Sunday”; break;
case 2: cout << “Monday”; break;
case 3: cout << “Tuesday”; break;
case 4: cout << “Wednesday”; break;
case 5: cout << “Thursday”; break;
case 6: cout << “Friday”; break;
case 7: cout << “Saturday”; break;
default: cout << “Invalid day number”; break;
}
}

Example 2
Write C++ program to read two integer numbers, and read the
operation to perform on these numbers:
#include<iostream.h>
void main( )
{
int a, b;
char x;
cout << “Enter two numbers \n”;
cin >> a >> b;

cout << “+ for addition \n”;

cout << “- for subtraction \n”;
cout << “* for multiplication \n”;
cout << “/ for division \n”;
cout << “enter your choice \n”;
cin >> x;

switch ( x )
{
case ‘+’: cout << a + b;
break;
 case ‘-’: cout << a - b;
break;
case ‘*’: cout << a * b;
break;
case ‘/’: cout << a / b;
break;
default: break;
}
}

2. Nested Switch Selection Statement:

General Form of Nested Switch Selection statement:
switch ( selector1 )
{
case label1 : statement1 ; break;
case label2 : statement2 ; break;
case label3 : switch ( selector2 )
{
case label1 : statement1 ; break;
case label2 : statement2 ; break;
:
}
case label-n : statement-n ; break;
default : statement-e ; break;
}

Example 3
Write C++ program to read integer number, and print the name of
the computerized department:
#include<iostream.h>
void main( )
{
int i,j;
cout << “Enter the number for the department name \n”;
cin >> i>>j;
switch (i)
{
 case 1: cout << “Software Engineering Department”; break;
case 2: cout << “Control and computers Department”; break;
case 3: cout << “Computer Sciences Department”;
cout<<”Enter the no. of branch”;
switch(j)
{
case 1: cout << “Software”; break;
case 2: cout << “Information system”; break;
case 3: cout << “Security”;
case 4: cout << “AI”;
}
default: cout << “Invalid day number”; break;
}
}

3. Conditional Statement:

General Form of Conditional statement:

( condition ? True : False )

Example 1: cin >> value;

cout << (value >= 0 ? “positive” : “negative” );

Example 2: cin >> x >> y;

cout << ( x < y ? -1 : (x == y ? 0 : 1) );

Example 4
Write C++ program to read integer number, and print if its even or
odd:
#include<iostream.h>
void main( )
{
int value;
cout << “Enter the number \n”;
cin >> value;
cout<<(value%2==0?”even”:”odd”);
}
 WORK SHEET (3)
Selection Statements
Q1: Write C++ program to read two integer numbers then print “multiple”
or “not” if one number is a multiple to another number.

Q2: Write C++ program to read integer number and print the equivalent
string.
e.g:
0 Zero
1 One
2 Two
:

Q3: Write C++ program to read a score of student and print the estimation
to refer it.
e.g:
100 - 90 Exultant
89 - 80 Very good
79 - 70 Good
69 - 60 Middle
59 - 50 Accept
49 - 0 Fail

Q4: Write C++ program to represent a simple nested case (selector).

Q5: Write C++ program to compute the area of circle if the radius r=2.5.
Note: area of circle is r * r * pi ,
pi is 3.14

Q6: Write C++ program to read an integer number and check if it is positive
or negative, even or odd, and write a suitable messages in each case.

Q7: Write a program to read 3 numbers, and write the largest and smallest
numbers.

Q8: Write C++ program to read an integer from 1 to 12, and print out the
value of the corresponding month of the year.

Q9: Write C++ program to reads a character and print if it is digit (0..9),
capital letter (A,B, … ,Z), small letter (a, b, … ,z), special character ( +, !,
@, #, , {, >, … ).
Q10: Write C++ program to read x and compute the following:

Q11: Write C++ program to read 5 numbers and determine if the numbers
sorted ascending or not.

Q12: Write C++ program to read two integer numbers, and read the
operation to perform on these numbers.

Q13: Write a program to read X and print Sin X if X>0, square root X f X<0
and absolute X if X/2 is integer.