Design Code Lecture April 25, 2013

International Building Code

Seismic Provisions

CEE 572 Earthquake Engineering

Lecture Notes: Prepared by:

Prof/ Amr S. Elnashai Dr./ DoSoo Moon

Mid-America Earthquake Center

Building Code

 A set of rules that specify the minimum acceptable level of

safety for constructed objects such as buildings

 No legal status until it is adopted by government regulation

 International Building Code (IBC)

 a model building code developed by the International Code
Council (ICC)
 minimum standards to insure the public safety, health and
welfare insofar as they are affected by building construction
and to secure safety to life and property from all hazards
incident to the occupancy of buildings, structures or premises

2
Building Code History

 first seen in the United States in the early 1700’s

 In the early 1900’s, local code enforcement officials
developed most of the building codes
 In 1915, Building Officials and Code Administration (BOCA) was
established, and developed the BOCA National Building Code
(BOCA/NBC)
- mainly used in the Northeastern United States

 In 1927, the International Conference of Building Officials (ICBO) was

established, and developed the Uniform Building Code (UBC)
- mainly used in the Midwest and Western United States

 In 1940, the Southern Building Code Congress International (SBCCI)

was founded, and developed the Standard Building Code (SBC)
- mainly used in the Southern United States

3
Building Code History

 Over the years each of these codes (BOCA/NBC, UBC, & SBC)
was revised and updated

 In 1994, BOCA, ICBO, and SBCCI formed International Code

Council (ICC)

 In 1997, the first edition of the International Building Code (IBC)

was published by ICC

 IBC is updated every 3 year

( 1997, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2009, 2012)

4
IBC
IBC 2009

BOCA/NBC
- BOCA

UBC IBC
- ICBO - ICC

SBC every 3 year

- SBCCI ( 1997, 2000, 2003,
2006, 2009, 2012 )

5
IBC Adoption by State

IBC is adopted at the state or local level in 50 states plus Washington, D.C

http://www.iccsafe.org/gr/Pages/adoptions.aspx as of 04/20/2010

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IBC Code Structure

 arranged in a systematic manner for easy reference

 35 Chapters and 11 Appendices (684 pages)

7
IBC Section 1613 Earthquake Loads

“ Every structure, and portion thereof, including nonstructural

components that are permanently attached to structures and
their supports at attachments, shall be designed and
constructed in accordance with ASCE 7, excluding Chapter 14
and Appendix 11A. The seismic design category for a structure
is permitted to be determined in accordance with Section 1613 or
ASCE 7.”

(ASCE 7 Chapter 14 contains Material-Specific Seismic Design and

Detail Requirements)
(ASCE 7 Appendix 11A contains Quality Assurance Provisions)

 Both are replaced by similar (not identical) IBC Provisions

8
ASCE 7

 Minimum Design Loads for

Buildings and Other Structures

 Developed by ASCE/SEI

 Publication Date Varies (1993,

1995, 1998, 2002, 2005, 2010)

 ASCE 7-05 is adopted by IBC 2009

 ASCE 7-10 is adopted by IBC 2012

9
Seismic Design Procedure

Occupancy Category
Min. permissible analysis proc.
& Importance Factor, I

MCE Spectral Accel., SS& S1 Equivalent Lateral Force

- Seismic Base Shear
- Vertical Distribution
Site Class (A ~F) - Horizontal Distribution

Site Coef., Fa & Fv Response Modification Factor, R

Adjusted MCE Accel, SMS & SM1 Structure Period, T

Diaphragms, Irregularity,
Design Values, SDS & SD1
Redundancy Factor

Seismic Design Category (A~F) Drift and Deformation

10
Seismic Design Category (SDC)

Structure Occupancy
Structure Location
Category

SS, S1
Structure Importance (Hazard Map)
Factor, I
SMS, SM1
(Site Soil Condition)

SDS, SD1
(Design Values)

SDC
(Occupancy Category & SDS or SD1)

11
Occupancy Category and Importance Factor

Importance
Nature of Occupancy
Factor
Occupancy Category
I

Minor storage, agricultural & temporary facilities I

1.0
Normal Buildings II
Substantial hazard to human life:
• Schools
• Public assembly >300 occupants
• Jails & detention facilities
III 1.25
• Some types of healthcare > 50 occup.
• Power-generation, water-treatment facilities
• Any building > 5,000 occupants
• Hazardous occupancies
Essential facilities:
• Hospitals, Fire, rescue, & police stations IV 1.50
• Emergency preparedness centers, & more

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Seismic Ground Motion Values - SS, S1, SMS, SM1, SDS, SD1

 Traditional 10%/50 yr (475-year event) is history

 ASCE 7-05 uses 2/3 of the 2%/50 yr (2,500 year event)

 Ss and S1 : map values of 2,500 year event

 Maps assume Type B (rock) soil conditions

 SMS and SM1 : 2,500 year values adjusted for design soil
conditions by coefficients Fa and Fv
 Default soil is Type D

 SDS= 2/3 SMS and SD1= 2/3 SM1 : design values

 SS, S1 values are invisibly converted from a 2,500-year “probabilistic”
event to a “deterministic” event defined as “150% of the median
accelerations of the characteristic event.”

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MCE ground motion, SS ,S1

 Seismic Hazard Map

 Response spectrum ordinates are mapped
 Near-fault effects are included in basic maps
 Data is “location-specific”
 Soil effects still handled separately  Site Coef. Fa & FV

 Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCE) ground motion

 Ss = Mapped 5% damped, spectral response acceleration
parameter at short periods (0.2 sec)
 S1 = Mapped 5% damped spectral response acceleration
parameter at a period of 1 sec.
─ Use Seismic Hazard Map
─ Use online tool at http://eqhazmaps.usgs.gov

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Seismic Hazard Map

 The contours are irregularly spaced

 Values are in % of g

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 Adjusted MCE ground motion, SMS ,SM1

 SMS = FaSS , SM1 = FvS1

Site Coef.
Fa 

Site Coef.
FV 

16
 Site Class

default

softer

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Design Values, SDS ,SD1

 SDS = 2/3SMS , SD1 = 2/3 SM1

 SDS : the design, 5% damped, spectral
response acceleration for short periods
(0.2 sec)
 SD1 : the design, 5% damped, spectral
response acceleration at a period of 1 sec

 SDS and SD1 are used in selecting the

Seismic Design Category and in the
analysis methods.

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Design Response Spectrum
Spectral Response Acceleration , Sa (g)

SDS

Sa=SD1/T

SD1
Sa=SD1TL/T2
0.4SDS

T0 Ts 1.0 TL
=0.2SD1/SDS =SD1/SDS Period, T (sec)

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Summary of Ground Motion Values

Structure Location
 Hazard Map  SS, S1
SS, S1
(Hazard Map)
 Site class, SS and S1  Fa, Fv

 SMS = Fa  SS SMS, SM1

(Site Soil Condition)
SM1 = FV  S1

 SDS = 2/3  SMS

 Design !! SDS, SD1
SD1 = 2/3  SM1 (Design Values)

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Seismic Design Category (SDC)

 Every structure must be assigned to a SDC

 Function of:
 Occupancy Category
 Design Spectral Response Acceleration SDS and SD1
 Used to determine analysis options, detailed requirements, height
limitations, and other limits on usage.
 Seismic Design Categories labeled A-F (6 class)

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SDC” A–F vs. “Site Class” A-F

 will cause confusion

 Site Class = Soil Type

 Default site class = D

 Seismic Design Category = SDC

 Defines structure detailing requirements

 Limits permissible structural irregularities

 Replaces Zone-dependent detailing

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Seismic Design Procedure

Occupancy Category
Min. permissible analysis proc.
& Importance Factor, I

MCE Spectral Accel., SS& S1 Equivalent Lateral Force

- Seismic Base Shear
- Vertical Distribution
Site Class (A ~F) - Horizontal Distribution

Site Coef., Fa & Fv Response Modification Factor, R

Adjusted MCE Accel, SMS & SM1 Structure Period, T

Diaphragms, Irregularity,
Design Values, SDS & SD1
Redundancy Factor

Seismic Design Category (A~F) Drift and Deformation

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Analysis Procedure Selection

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Seismic Load Analysis Procedures

 Equivalent Lateral Force (ELF) – Section 12.8

 Static approximation
 May not be used on structures of Seismic Design
Categories E or F with particular irregularities

 Modal Response Spectrum Analysis – Section 12.9

 2D and 3D dynamic analysis
 Required for buildings with particular irregularities

 Seismic Response History Procedure – Chapter 16

 Permitted for all structures

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Minimum Lateral Force – SDC A

 Very limited seismic exposure and risk

 Lateral forces taken to equal 1% of structure weight

Fx=0.01wx

Fx = the design lateral force applied at story x

wx = the portion of the total dead load of the structure,

D, located or assigned to Level x

 A complete load path must be in place

26
Equivalent Lateral Force (ELF)

 Base Shear Determination

V = CsW Cs = I/R  SDS

Cs = seismic response coefficient

W = the effective seismic weight, including applicable portions of other
storage and snow loads

 Seismic Weight, W
 all dead load
 25% of any design storage floor live loads
 Consider partition loads and snow load

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Equivalent Lateral Force (ELF)

 Seismic Response Coefficient, Cs

• 0.01 • SD1/T(I/R)
for S1 < 0.6g < Cs = SDS  (I/R) < for T < TL
• 0.5S1(I/R) • SD1TL/T2(I/R)
for S1 > 0.6g for T > TL

SDS = design spectral response acceleration parameter

R = response modification factor
I = occupancy importance factor

TL = long period transition periods, 8 or 12 sec

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Response Modification Coefficient, R Cs = SDS  (I/R)

 accounts for the dynamic characteristics, lateral force resistance,

and energy dissipation capacity of the structural system.
 can be different for different directions

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Fundamental Period, T

 May be computed by approximate means, Ta

Ta = CThnx
CT = building period coefficient
hn = building height
 moment frames (< 12 stories, >10ft)
Ta =0.1N (N = # of stories)

 May be computed by analytical means, T

T < Cu Ta

CU = Coefficient for upper limit

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 Base Shear Summary

V = CsW

W = building seismic weight

0.01 or 0.5S1(I/R) < (I/R)  SDS < SD1/T(I/R)) or SD1TL/T2(I/R)

MCE ground motion T (from analysis) or

Base on seismic hazard map Ta = CThnx or Ta = 0.1N

response modification factor

based on seismic force-resisting system
CT = 0.028, 0.016, 0.030, or 0.020
hn = building height
occupancy importance factor
N = number of storys
based on occupancy category

design spectral response

acceleration

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Vertical Distribution of Base Shear

 For short period buildings the vertical distribution

generally follows the first mode of vibration in
which the force increases linearly with height for
evenly distributed mass.
 For long period buildings the force is shifted
upwards to account for the whipping action
associated with increased flexibility

 Story Force, Fx
Fx = CvxV, Cvx = wxhxk / Σwihik
Cvx = vertical distribution factor
V = total design lateral force or shear at the base
wi and wx = portion of the total effective seismic weight of the structure located to level i or x
hi and hx = height from the base to level i or x
k = exponent related to the structure period as follows:
k=1 , T ≤ 0.5sec
k=2 , T ≥ 2.5sec
k=2 or linear interpolation between 1 &2 , 0.5 < T < 2.5

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Horizontal Distribution

 Being an inertial force, the Story Force, Fx, is distributed in

accordance with the distribution of the mass at each level.

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Drift and Deformation

 Story Drift

∆ = Cd /I  δxe cf) V = CsW = I/R  SDS W

δxe = the deflections determined by an elastic analysis

Cd = the deflection amplification factor

I = the importance factor

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Drift Limits

 Depend on:
 Occupancy category

 Structural system (masonry or not masonry)

 Building height and nonstructural component design

35
Seismic Design Procedure

Occupancy Category
Min. permissible analysis proc.
& Importance Factor, I

MCE Spectral Accel., SS& S1 Equivalent Lateral Force

- Seismic Base Shear
- Vertical Distribution
Site Class (A ~F) - Horizontal Distribution

Site Coef., Fa & Fv Response Modification Factor, R

Adjusted MCE Accel, SMS & SM1 Structure Period, T

Diaphragms, Irregularity,
Design Values, SDS & SD1
Redundancy Factor

Seismic Design Category (A~F) Drift and Deformation

36
Reference

 International Building Code 2009

 ASCE 7-05 Minimum Design Loads for buildings and other

Structures

 2007 CBC Structural Provisions – Seismic

 ASCE 7-05 Seismic Provisions - A Beginner's Guide to ASCE 7-05

 http://www.iccsafe.org

 https://www.asce.org

 IBC 2006 & ASCE 7-05 Structural Provisions by ABS consulting

 2007 CBC Structural Seismic Provisions by City of Huntington

Beach

37
Design Code Lecture April 25, 2013

International Building Code

Seismic Provisions – Sample Example

CEE 572 Earthquake Engineering

Lecture Notes: Prof/ Amr S. Elnashai

Prepared by: Dr/ DoSoo Moon

Mid-America Earthquake Center 1

Seismic Design Procedure

Occupancy Category
Min. permissible analysis proc.
& Importance Factor, I

MCE Spectral Accel., SS& S1 Equivalent Lateral Force

- Seismic Base Shear
- Vertical Distribution
Site Class (A ~F) - Horizontal Distribution

Site Coef., Fa & Fv Response Modification Factor, R

Adjusted MCE Accel, SMS & SM1 Structure Period, T

Diaphragms, Irregularity,
Design Values, SDS & SD1
Redundancy Factor

Seismic Design Category (A~F) Drift and Deformation

2
Seismic Design Category (SDC)

Structure Occupancy
Structure Location
Category

SS, S1
Structure Importance (Hazard Map)
Factor, I
SMS, SM1
(Site Soil Condition)

SDS, SD1
(Design Values)

SDC
(Occupancy Category & SDS or SD1)

3
Example 1 -
Calculation of Design Accelerations SDS & SD1

 Given : Site Data

 Site Location: 24000 Hollyoak, Aliso Viejo, California

Latitude = 33.57806
Longitude = -117.71010

 Site Class: D

4
Example 1 -
Calculation of Design Accelerations SDS & SD1

 Using Seismic Hazard Map:

 MCE
─ SS = 1.462
─ S1 = 0.516
Site Coef.
Ss
 Modified MCE for Site Class D
─ SMS = FaSS = 1.0 x 1.462 = 1.462
─ SM1 = FvS1 = 1.5 x 0.516 = 0.774

 Design Acceleration S1
─ SDS = 2/3 SMS = 0.975
─ SD1 = 2/3 SM1= 0.516

5
Example 1 -
Calculation of Design Accelerations SDS & SD1

 Using USGS ground motion JAVA application:

http://earthquake.usgs.gov/hazards/designmaps/buildings.php

6
Example 1 -
Calculation of Design Accelerations SDS & SD1
 Calculate Ss and S1

7
Example 1 -
Calculation of Design Accelerations SDS & SD1
 Calculate SM and SD

8
Example 2 -
Calculation of Base Shear

 Given : Seismic Design Criteria

 Design Acceleration for Site Class D

─ SDS = 0.975

─ SD1 = 0.516

 Four Story Regular Residential Building

─ R = 6.5

─ T = 0.4 s

9
Example 2 -
Calculation of Base Shear

 Seismic Design Category

 Four Story Residential Building
─ Occupancy Category II
─ (Importance Factor I = 1.0)
 Design Acceleration
─ SDS = 0.975, SD1 = 0.516
 SDC: D
SDS = 0.975 SD1 = 0.516

10
Example 2 -
Calculation of Base Shear

 Determine the Analysis Method

 SDC: D, Occupancy Category II
T = 0.4 s < 3.5 Ts = 3.5 SD1/SDS = 3.50.516/0.975 = 1.85

11
Example 2 -
V = CsW =(I/RSDS) W
Calculation of Base Shear
R = 6.5
 Seismic Response Coefficient, Cs I = 1.0

 Cs = SDS(I/R) = 0.975(1/6.5) = 0.15

─ not more than

SD1/T(I/R) = 0.516/0.4 (1/6.5) = 0.198 , T=0.4 < TL =8
─ not less than
0.01 , S1= 0.516 < 0.6g

 Base Shear, V
V = CS W = 0.15 W

12
Example 3

 The wood framed office building shown here is to be

constructed in a “suburban” area in Juneau, Alaska out
near the airport. The site conditions consist of stiff soil.

 Other Given Data

 Roof DL = 15 psf
 Typical Floor DL = 12 psf
 Partition Load = 15 psf
 Snow Load = 30 psf (use 25%)
 Exterior Wall DL = 10 psf

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Determine Seismic Design Category

 Get SS and S1 from the maps or online

 Using USGS software with a 99801 zip code:
 SS = 0.612, S1 = 0.289

 The building Site Class is D

 Fa = 1.311; Fv = 1.822

 SMS = FaSS = 1.311(0.612) = 0.802

SM1 = FvS1 = 1.822(0.289) = 0.526

 SDS = (2/3) SMS = 2/3(0.802) = 0.535

SD1 = (2/3) SM1 = 2/3(0.526) = 0.351

 The building is in Occupancy Category II

 Seismic Design Category is D

14
 Determine Seismic Design Category
Fa = 1.4-0.2/0.25*(0.612-0.5) = 1.311
Fv = 2.0-0.2/0.1*(0.289-0.2) = 1.822

SS = 0.612

Site Coef.
Fa 

S1 = 0.289

Site Coef.
FV 

15
Determine I & SDC

SDS = 0.535
SD1 = 0.351

16
Categorize the Plan Irregularities

 Plan Irregularities

 Re-entrant corners (Type 2) since the projection is more than 15% of

dimension

─ 0.15(60’) = 9’ < 30’

 No Vertical Irregularities

17
Determine the Analysis Method

T = 0.318 sec < 3.5 Ts = 3.5 SD1/SDS = 3.50.351/0.535 = 2.3 sec

18
Response Modification Coefficient, R
V = CsW =(I/RSDS) W

19
Fundamental Period, T
V = CsW =(I/RSDS) W
 Approximate fundamental period for the building

hn = 40’

Ta = CThn x = 0.020(40’)0.75 = 0.318 sec.

20
Seismic Response Coefficient, Cs
V = CsW =(I/RSDS) W

 Cs = SDS(I/R) = 0.535 (1/6.5) = 0.0823

 Lower limit = 0.01

S1= 0.289g < 0.6g

 Upper limit = SD1/T (I/R) = 0.351/0.318  (1/6.5) = 0.169

T=0.318 < TL =8

21
Determine Building Weight, W
V = CsW =(I/RSDS) W

Roof: Area Unit Weight

ft^2 psf lb
Roof 2040 15 30600
Ext. Walls 1120 10 11200
Snow/4 2040 12.5 25500
67300

Typ. Floor Area Unit Weight

ft^2 psf lb
Roof 2040 12 24480
Ext. Walls 2240 10 22400
Partitions 2040 15 30600
77480
Total Building Level Weight
k
Roof 67.3
4th flr 77.48
3rd flr 77.48
2nd flr 77.48
299.74

22
Base Shear, V
V = CsW =(I/RSDS) W

 V = CsW = 0.0823(299.74 k) = 24.67 kips

─ total lateral force on the structure.

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Compute the Vertical Distribution

Fx = CvxV, Cvx = wxhxk / Σwihik k=1 since T=0.318sec ≤ 0.5sec

Base Shear, V = 24.67 kips

Level wx hx wxhxk Cvx Fx

(k) (ft) (ft-k) (k)
Roof 67.3 40 2692 0.367 9.05
4th floor 77.48 30 2324.4 0.317 7.81
3rd floor 77.48 20 1549.6 0.211 5.21
2nd floor 77.48 10 774.8 0.106 2.60
Sum: 299.74 7340.8 1.000 24.67

24
Horizontal Distribution

 Load is distributed
according to mass
distribution.

 Since the loading is

symmetrical, each of
the two supporting
shear walls receives
half the story shear.

25
Reference

 International Building Code 2009

 ASCE 7-05 Minimum Design Loads for buildings and other

Structures

 2007 CBC Structural Provisions – Seismic

 ASCE 7-05 Seismic Provisions - A Beginner's Guide to ASCE 7-05

 http://www.iccsafe.org

 https://www.asce.org

 IBC 2006 & ASCE 7-05 Structural Provisions by ABS consulting

 2007 CBC Structural Seismic Provisions by City of Huntington

Beach

26