International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 49 Number 7 July 2017

Automatic Accident Detection and Intelligent

Navigation System
[1]
Akshatha.V, [2]K .Nirmala Kumari
[1] [2]
PG Student, BIT Bengaluru, Associate Professor Dept. of Electronics and Communication, BIT,Bengaluru

Abstract—According to the recent study of World Health Organization(WHO), every year over 1.2 million people
die due to road accidents and almost 20 to 50 million people suffer from server injuries. This paper presents a novel
methodology to automatically detect road accidents and provide an intelligent navigation system for the ambulance
to reach the nearest hospital on time so that the passenger’s health is not compromised due to the traffic congestion.
In the proposed system, each vehicle has an onboard unit to detect an accident and report the GPS location of the
crash and the blood group of the victim to the nearest hospital server and ambulances through e-NOTIFY system.
The communication between the user vehicle and the ambulance is called vehicle to vehicle communication. In
order to reduce the delay due to traffic signals, and to facilitate a smooth movement of ambulance from crash spot
to the hospital, a control system is designed.

Keywords—e-NOTIFY, GPS, V2V, On-Board unit, Raspberry Pi, RF transmitter, RF receiver, Gyro sensor, SMTP
protocol.

I.INTRODUCTION management, thereby increasing the chances of

recovery and survival of people suffering from road
The improvement in technology and a steep increase
accident injuries.
in population from the past few decades had led a
rapid pace of motorization .Between the years 2010 II. PROPOSED SYSTEM
and 2013, a 16% increase in registered vehicles on
road is observed. But this motorization has taken As shown in the block diagram in Fig 1, the proposed
system is divided into modules, the details about each
place without considering the measures to keep all
of the module is explained below:
the pedestrians, drivers and other road users safe.

The effect of increase in number of vehicles will in-

turn lead to increase in number of road accidents. The
primarily concern is to find ways to avoid crash but
there might still be chances of occurrence of crash. A
system is required to assist the injured people post-
crash, provide the information about the crash to
emergency services and reduce the time lag taken for
treating the injured.

In this paper, a prototype architecture called e-

NOTIFY is proposed, a novel method designed to
improve the survival chances for passengers involved
in vehicular accidents. The proposed system offers
automated crash detection, and assistance to
passengers involved in road accidents by efficiently
sending the blood group details of the vehicle user
and the location of the crash to the hospital server
and to the ambulance. This system does not focus on
reducing the number of accidents but on improving Figure 1: Proposed System Block diagram
post collision assistance with fast and efficient time

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 International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 49 Number 7 July 2017

1. Vehicle Module: This module has a Gyro sensor processor on board to increase its speed. It also
along with GPS module which are integrated to features Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and Low Energy
Raspberry Pi. A GUI is developed so that the driver capabilities to enhance the functionality and the
of the vehicle can input his/her blood group when the
ability to power more powerful devices over the USB
vehicle is started. Whenever the user car has met with
a rollover crash, GPS traces the current position and ports.
triggers Raspberry Pi module to send a mail to
Hospital server which contains details of the blood
group of driver along with the GPS coordinates of
crash spot. A mail is also sent to the ambulances
considering that all the ambulances will have one
common mail ID. The motors are designed such that
the vehicle stops once accident occurs.
2. Ambulance Module: Emergency vehicles are
equipped with Raspberry Pi module and an LCD
display unit. The GPS location sent from the vehicle
module will be read by the ambulance module and
displayed on the LCD display so that the driver of the
ambulance can navigate towards the accident spot. Figure 2: Raspberry Pi 3 model B board.
3. Cloud Database: This is the proposed Hospital
3.2: Gyro Sensor:
server module which has a database of all the hospital
names, their address and their GPS locations. The The Gyro sensor is used to detect the rollover of a
corresponding email IDs of ambulances belonging to vehicle. Rollover crash is detected by the amount of
the respective hospitals is also stored. When the mail tilt angle of the vehicle. . Fig 2 shows the sensor
is sent from user vehicle, the hospital server obtains which is employed here i.e MPU-6050.
the GPS coordinates from the mail and filter the
nearest hospitals from the database. In turn the
ambulances of the nearest hospital will also receive a
mail from the server.
4. Traffic Control Systems: This module consists of
controlling the traffic signal automatically with the
help of RF module. Whenever the emergency vehicle
reaches near to the traffic signal (approximately
100m), the traffic signal will be made green via RF
communication. Once the ambulance crosses the Figure 3: Pin Diagram of MPU-6050
traffic signal it is turned to Red again. Thereby
MPU-6050 device is a combination of a 3-axis
the ambulance is assisted to reach the gyroscope and a 3-axis accelerometer on a single
hospital without delay. silicon die along with an onboard Digital Motion
Processor(DMP).As it contains a 16 bit analog to
III. HARDWARE COMPONENTS AND digital conversion hardware for each channel, it
DESIGN captures the X,Y and Z axis data at same time.
Therefore it is more accurate. The gyro sensor uses
3.1: Raspberry pi:
I2C- bus to interface with the Raspberry Pi board.
A Raspberry Pi is a credit card-sized computer
3.3: RF transmitter and RF receiver:
originally designed for education, inspired by the
1981 BBC Micro. The Raspberry Pi is slower than a The RF module, operates at the Radio Frequency.
modern laptop or desktop but is still a complete The corresponding frequency range varies between
Linux computer and can provide all the expected 30 kHz & 300 GHz. In this RF system, the digital
data is represented as variations in the amplitude of
abilities that implies, at a low-powerconsumption
carrier wave. This kind of modulation is known as
level. The proposed system uses a Raspberry Pi 3 Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK).
model B.The Raspberry Pi 3 Model B buildsupon the
featuresof its predecessors with a new, faster

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 International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 49 Number 7 July 2017

Transmission through RF is better than IR (infrared)

because of many reasons. Firstly, signals through RF
can travel through larger distances making it suitable
for long range applications. Also, while IR mostly
operates in line-of-sight mode, RF signals can travel
even when there is an obstruction between transmitter
& receiver. Next, RF transmission is more strong and
reliable than IR transmission. RF communication
uses a specific frequency unlike IR signals which are
affected by other IR emitting sources. Figure 5: Working of L293D motor driver.
3.5: Global Positioning System (GPS):
This RF module comprises of an RF Transmitter and
A Global positioning System module is a device used
an RF Receiver. The transmitter/receiver (Tx/Rx)
to determine its location on earth in terms of latitude
pair operates at a frequency of 434 MHz. An RF
and longitude. In the proposed system SIM28ML
transmitter receives serial data and transmits it
(Fig 6) GPS module is being used.
wirelessly through RF through its antenna connected
at pin4. The transmission occurs at the rate of 1Kbps SIMcom’s SIM28ML is a small, high performance
- 10Kbps.The transmitted data is received by an RF and reliable assisted GPS module. It’s a standalone
receiver operating at the same frequency as that of L1 range frequency module with high sensitivity
the transmitter. navigation engine, which allows the user to achieve
high accuracy, highest levels of sensitivity and lower
power consumption.SIM28 can track as low as -
165dBm signal without network assistance.

Figure 4: Pin Diagram of RF transmitter and receiver

3.4: L293D motor driver:

For the movement of any robot, motors are

essential.L293D is a dual H-bridge Motor driver
integrated circuit. Motor drivers act as current Figure 6: Pin description of GPS module.
amplifiers since they take a low-current control signal
and provide a higher-current signal. This higher
current signal is used to drive the motors.L293D
contains two inbuilt H-bridge driver circuits. In its
common mode of operation, two DC motors can be
driven simultaneously, both in forward and reverse
direction. The motor operations of two motors can be
controlled by input logic at pins 2 & 7 and 10 & 15.
Input logic 00 or 11 will stop the corresponding
motor. Logic 01 and 10 will rotate it in clockwise and
anticlockwise directions, respectively. Figure 7: GPS antenna

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 International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 49 Number 7 July 2017

IV. RESULTS

Figure 11: Output of the ambulance unit.

Figure 8: A GUI showing the different blood groups

and the tilt angle across Z axis.

Figure 12: Database of hospitals and their

ambulance’s email IDs.

Figure 13: LCD display of the GPS coordinates in the

ambulance module

Figure 9: Vehicle module. V. CONCLUSION

This paper is proposed to detect the accident

automatically and send the GPS coordinates of the
accident spot to the hospital server. This paper is also
proposed to send the GPS location and blood group
of injured to the nearest ambulance through vehicle
to vehicle communication. A system is proposed to
control the traffic signals. By this, the time delay is
reduced by applying the RF technology that controls
the traffic signals. This ensures that the injured is
treated as soon as possible.

Figure 10: Ambulance module

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 International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 49 Number 7 July 2017

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It’s a great privilege to place on record my deep

sensor gratitude to My guide Mrs K.Nirmala Kumari,
Associate Professor,Dept of ECE, HOD Dr. K.
V.Prasad, Dept of ECE and Principal Dr.
A.G.Nagaraj and the Management of Bangalore
Institute of Technology, who patronized throughout
our carrier and for the facilities provided to carry out
this work successfully.

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