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Urinary and Digestive Systems Revision

This document provides a review of key concepts in human biology related to the urinary, digestive, and nutrition systems. It includes review questions about the structure and function of the kidneys and nephrons, the steps and organs involved in digestion, essential nutrients and their roles, and conditions related to nutrient deficiencies. Diagrams are included to label the excretory and digestive systems.

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Meeta Devi
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110 views

Urinary and Digestive Systems Revision

This document provides a review of key concepts in human biology related to the urinary, digestive, and nutrition systems. It includes review questions about the structure and function of the kidneys and nephrons, the steps and organs involved in digestion, essential nutrients and their roles, and conditions related to nutrient deficiencies. Diagrams are included to label the excretory and digestive systems.

Uploaded by

Meeta Devi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Name: _______________________

Year 11 Human Biology Urinary, Digestive and Nutrition Revision

Urinary System
1. Label the diagram of the excretory system

2. Excretion is the removal of metabolic _____________ from the body.

3. Blood vessels of the Kidneys:


a. The Aorta has a branch of artery connected to the kidney called ___________ artery. This
blood is filtered by the kidney and forms _______________.
b. The rest of the blood will be collected to the renal vein (clean blood) and then go to Vena
Cava.

4. Urine is actually formed from blood: It is different from blood in chemical composition:

Blood Urine
Blood cells Red blood cells, white blood No blood cells at all
cells and platelets
Colour Red because of Red blood cells Not red, slightly yellow like
or Haemoglobin plasma
Protein Lots of different proteins No proteins
Urea (metabolic waste) Relatively small amount More concentrated

5. The kidney actually form urine every second, it is transported by the ____________is stored in the
urinary _____________ to be emptied when it is full.

6. The __________ is a narrow tube from the bladder for the urine to pass out. It is a lot longer in
males.

7. Describe 2 symptoms of kidney stones and explain how they occur?


_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
8. The kidney is divided into three sections, what are they?

 ___________________________________
 ___________________________________
 ___________________________________

9. Describe the different composition of these three sections.


_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________

10. Draw and explain the function of a nephron.


_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________

Digestive System
1. Place the following steps of digestion in order starting at number 1 and ending at 10.
____ Hydrochloric acid and pepsin digest proteins in the stomach. The stomach squeezes to
mix food.
____ Nutrients are absorbed into the blood by villi in the small intestine.
____ Water is absorbed from the food waste back into the body.
____ The tongue pushes food to the back of the mouth where it is swallowed.
____ Food is chopped and ground in the mouth.
____ Bile (produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder) enters the small intestine to
break down fats.
____ Solid waste material is forced out of the body by action of both voluntary and
involuntary muscles
____ “Food” moves to the small intestine (through the duodenum).
____ Waste (food) leaves the small intestine and enters the large intestine.
____ The food moves along the oesophagus to the stomach.
2. Explain the difference between mechanical and chemical digestion

_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________

3. Explain the role of the following organs in digestion


Stomach:
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
Small Intestine:
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
Gall Bladder:
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
Teeth:
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

4. Label the following diagram of the digestive system using the following:
liver large intestine anus pancreas oesophagus appendix
gall bladder mouth stomach rectum small intestine
5. The stomach contains concentrated hydrochloric acid. Give reasons for this.
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
6. The small intestine is lined with microscopic projections called ‘villi’. What is the purpose
for these structures?
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

7. Name three different enzymes and the substance they break down within the digestive system
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

8. Describe how enzymes in the body work to speed up reactions.


__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

9. What is meant by the term ‘chyme’?


__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

10. Explain 3 differences between the small and large intestines.


__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

11. Describe 2 conditions that affect the Digestive System


__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
Nutrition
1. Apart from water, what are the other essential nutrients required by the body?
 _________________________________________________________________
 _________________________________________________________________
 _________________________________________________________________
 _________________________________________________________________
 _________________________________________________________________

2. What is a carbohydrate and why is it necessary for the human body?


__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

3. Name and describe 2 different types of fats


__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

4. Explain how cholesterol can be both helpful and harmful to the human body.
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

5. What role do proteins play in nutrition?


__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

6. Why is water essential to the functioning of the human body?


__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

7. Name and describe the symptoms of 2 conditions that are caused by a lack of vitamins.
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

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