Answers

Chapter 4: Working with 19 x2 1 6x 1 9 20 x2 − 2x + 1

algebra 21 9x2 2 24x 1 16 22
23 x 3 + 9 x 2 + 26 x + 24 24
x 3 + 6 x 2 + 11x + 6
x 3 + 4 x 2 − 7 x − 10
Starter 4  (page 61) 25 x 3 − 11x 2 + 38 x − 40 26 x 3 − 3x − 2
 1 0 3 if misread as 3 3 1
 2 2 0 if misread as 6 2 (5 1 1) 27 x 3 − 6 x 2 + 12 x − 8 28 2 x 3 − x 2 − 13x − 6
 3 25 10 if misread as 5 3 2 29 6 x + 13x + x − 2 30 27 x 3 + 54 x 2 + 36 x + 8
3 2
 4 14 20 if misread as (2 1 3) 3 4
 5 9 7 if misread as (4 1 10) 4 2
 6 9  29 if misread as 2­ (3)2 or if an incorrect key Exercise 4.5  (page 73)
sequence is used on a calculator  1 x(x 1 6)  2 2x(x 1 3)
 3 2x(x 1 3y)  4 y(y 2 10)
Exercise 4.1  (page 63)  5 2y(y 2 5)  6 3x(2 1 3x)
 1 8  2 200  3 214  4 36  7 4(3y2 1 2)  8 4y(3y 1 2)
 5 20  6 14  7 222  8 100  9 g(f 1 3g) 10 3y(3y 1 4)
 9 36 10 10 11 7 12 3 11 x4(5x 2 4) 12 6x2(2 2 x)
13 a) 3625 b) 2500 13 7a(2a 1 3b) 14 5y(x 1 2)
14 a) 13 b) 3.61 15 2(7 1 5y) 16 3xy(5 2 3x)
15 a) 260 b) 18.5 17 4y2(2 2 5y) 18 4y(3y 2 2)
19 6(1 1 3x2) 20 3pq(4q2 2 4q 1 5)
Exercise 4.2  (page 66)
 1 k3  2 u2  3 x5  4 n4 Exercise 4.6  (page 75)
 5 2g  6 5t  7 x  8 y7
2 3 8
 1 (x 1 1)(x 1 7)  2 (x 1 2)(x 1 7)
 9 z9 10 10x7 11 24x6 12 2y3  3 (x 1 3)(x 1 2)  4 (x 1 5)(x 1 6)
z2  5 (x 1 8)(x 1 2)  6 (x 2 1)(x 2 3)
13 8y6 14 6z5 15 6x9 16 }} or }12}z2
2  7 (x 2 2)(x 2 5)  8 (x 2 6)(x 2 5)
17 1 18 x6 19 x8 20 y 6  9 (x 2 2)(x 2 1) 10 (x 2 3)(x 2 4)
21 9z6 22 16x10 23 y30 24 16z8 11 (x 1 4)(x 2 1) 12 (x 1 3)(x 2 2)
25 4x 26
8
125x 6
27 64x y 28
3 3
36x4y 2 13 (x 1 2)(x 1 3) 14 (x 1 1)(x 2 5)
29 16x 30
2
y
3
31 15x 32
5
2y 15 (x 1 3)(x 2 4) 16 (x 2 2)(x 2 6)
33 27z6 34 y 35 40x5 36 3x3 17 (x 1 8)(x 1 4) 18 (x 2 9)(x 1 8)
37 100x 38
10
x y 39
6 2
x y 40
9 6
12x5 19 (x 1 3)(x 1 4) 20 (x 1 4)(x 2 11)
6
41 4x 42 y Exercise 4.7  (page 75)
y
Exercise 4.3  (page 69)  1 (2x 1 1)(x 1 1)  2 (2x 1 3)(x 1 1)
 3 (2x 1 1)(x 1 2)  4 (3x 2 2)(x 2 1)
 1 3x + 2 x 2
2
20 x 2 + 5x 3 6 x − 12 x 2  5 (3x 1 1)(x 2 1)  6 (5x 2 1)(x 1 1)
2x3 + 4x 2 − 2x
 4 21x − 3x 2 5  7 (2x 1 1)(x 2 1)  8 (5x 1 1)(x 2 2)
 6 6 x − 15x − 9 x
3 2  9 (3x 2 2)(x 2 2) 10 (2x 2 1)(x 1 6)
 7 7x 1 20  8 8x 1 13 11 (2x 2 3)(x 2 3) 12 (2x 1 1)(3x 2 1)
 9 11x 1 29 10 8x 1 25 13 (3x 1 5)(2x 2 5) 14 (6x 1 1)(2x 1 1)
11 22x 1 16 12 7x 1 11 15 (3x 1 2)(5x 1 3) 16 (2x 2 1)(2x 2 1)
13 16x 1 19 14 7x 1 4 17 (6x 2 1)(x 2 2) 18 (2x 1 7)(x 1 1)
15 17x 1 1 16 38x 1 3 19 (2x 1 3)(2x 1 3) 20 (2x 1 3)(x 2 3)
17 10 x − x 2 18 11x
2

19 21x 2 9 20 2x 1 10
Exercise 4.8A  (page 76)
 1 (x 1 1)(x 2 1)  2 (y 1 11)(y 2 11)
21 3x 1 3 22 31x 2 50
 3 (x 1 9)(x 2 9)  4 (y 1 20)(y 2 20)
23 175x 2 90 24 6x 1 12
 5 3(x 1 5)(x 2 5)  6 2(x 1 3)(x 2 3)
25 6x 1 33 26 4x 1 12
 7 7(y 1 3)(y 2 3)  8 10(x 1 2)(x 2 2)
27 3x 2 9 28 5x 2 3
 9 3(x 1 3)(x 2 3) 10 4(y 1 5)(y 2 5)
29 10 x − 19 x 30 12 x − 24 x
2 2

Exercise 4.4  (page 72) Exercise 4.8B  (page 77)

 1 (x 1 1)(x 1 5)  2 x(x 1 8)
 1 3x 1 13x 1 12
2
 2 4x 1 13x 1 10
2
 3 (y 1 4)(y 1 11)  4 (x 1 6)(x 1 5)
 3 2x2 1 9x 1 4  4 2x2 1 9x 2 5
 5 x(x 1 7)  6 (y 2 2)(y 1 5)
 5 2x2 2 4x 2 6  6 4x2 1 24x 1 11
 7 (4x 2 1)(x 2 2)  8 (y 2 6)(y 1 5)
 7 3x2 1 10x 1 8  8 6x2 2 35x 2 6
 9 (x 2 1)(x 2 2) 10 (x 2 3)(x 2 5)
 9 4x2 1 4x 2 15 10 4x2 1 51x 2 13
11 (y 1 4)(y 2 4) 12 5y(x 2 2y)
11 6x2 1 13x 1 6 12 8x2 1 18x 2 5
13 (2x 2 1)(2x 2 3) 14 7(y 1 10)(y 2 10)
13 14x2 2 15x 2 9 14 x2 2 7x 1 12
15 (x 1 6)(x 2 4) 16 (2y 1 5)(y 2 2)
15 6x2 1 5x 2 6 16 2x2 2 11x 1 15
17 4z(z 2 1) 18 (2x 1 1)(x 1 1)
17 x2 2 49 18 4x2 2 9
19 3(x 1 2)(x 2 2) 20 (2x 2 1)(x 1 3)

6
 Answers

Exercise 4.9  (page 78) 40 2 x 3 + 3x 2 − 14 x − 15 41 2 x 3 + 7 x 2 + 4 x − 4

 1 P 5 3x  2 T 5 30n 42 2x(12x 1 5) 43 (x 1 7)(x 1 3)
 3 T 5 60x 1 5y or T 5 5(12x 1 y) 44 (y 1 1)(y 1 1) or (y 1 1)2
 4 P 5 500 1 10m 45 (z 1 8)(z 2 8) 46 (2y 2 1)(y 1 5)
A 47 (2x 2 1)(x 2 4) 48 2x(6x 2 5)
 5 w 5 }}
l 49 (2y 1 3)(y 1 2) 50 4(x 1 3)(x 2 3)
 6 a) n 1 11 b) T 5 2n 1 11
 7 a) 15x b) T 5 15x 1 25y
2
x2 + 4x + 4
51 a)i) x + 2 x + 1 ii)
 8 a) £15 b) C 5 5 1 2n
b
) x 4 + 6 x 3 + 13x 2 + 12 x + 4
 9 a) 18 MB    b)  S 5 128 2 0.3n    c)  426 4
10 a) (a 2 2)(b 2 2) b) V 5 (a 2 2)(b 2 2) 52 a) 2 b) b−3 c)
53 T 5 26x 1 19y c2
Exercise 4.10  (page 80) 54 a) T 5 5x 1 3y b) x 5 y
A 55 a) 5n 1 2(10 2 n) b) 3n 1 20
 1 r 5 }}  2 u 5 v 2 at
pl C 2(s 2 ut)
v 2 u 3V 56 r 5 }} 57 a 5 
 3 a 5 } }  4 h 5 } } 2p t2
t pr2 2
E y 2 3 A gT 2  T 
 5 m 5 } 2}  6 x 5 } } 58 r 5  59 l 5
 or l 5 g  
c 4 π 4π 2
 2π 
 7 x 5 5(y 2 3) or x 5 5y 2 15 60 a) 12x b) 12x 1 10y
 8 x 5 5y 2 3 61 w 5 ph 1 b
2A E 62 C 5 20 2 4n
 9 h 5 }} 10 c 5 
b m 63 a) 8p 2 3q b) x5 c) 2(2x 1 3)
A 2 x2 P d) x 1 x 2 6 e) 2x8
2
11 y 5  12 R 5 }2}
4x I 64 a) y7 b) 8x 1 17
y v2 2 u2 c) (i) 2(2a 1 3)    (ii)  3p(2p 2 3q)
13 x 5 }} 1 a 14 a 5 
m 2s 65 a) Bryani, because 4 3 32 5 4 3 9 5 36
A b) 64
15 r 5  16 x 5 y + 9 125 p9 4t3
4π 66 a) 12a5b3 b) c)
V q3 u
17 y 5 x 2 − z 2 18 b 5 }} 67 a) x 1 2x 2 15
2
b) 3a(2a 2 3b)
ac
3V 68 a) x2 1 2xy 1 y2 b) 25
19 r 5  3
20 u 5 v2 − 2 as 69 a) p9 b) 6q8
4π
Review Exercise 4  (page 81) 70 x 5  5 y − 4
 1 a) 24 b) 32 c) 31 d) 240 71 a) k3
 2 a) 18 b) 28 c) 36 d) 10 b) (i) 7x 2 1    (ii)  x2 1 5xy 1 6y2
 3 a) 21 b) 13 c) 10 c) (p 1 q)(p 1 q 1 5)
 4 x7  5 3x6 d) m8
 6 12x5  7 5y3 e) 6r3t6
 8 4z  9 3xy3 Internet Challenge 4  (page 85)
10 x6 11 25x2y4
T E QUA T I ON ND P O R I
12 9x2 13 30x6
V X S P G F E N YMZ S E R Y
14 10x3 15 2y2
B P OWE R F T L A C I D A R
16 7x 1 16 17 5y 1 13
Q R XOY U OMK P P M S T L
18 8z 2 7 19 13x 1 5
U E S N E O AN T P N P C I H
20 10x 2 14 21 2x 1 8
O S L DR U S AO I S L D O S
22 30x 2 2 23 2x 2 16
T S AOD E R L UN F I V N J
24 10x 25 12
I I ND E X Y E AG I F A A Y
26 4 x − x 2 27 10 x 2 − 18 x
E O J E L N C DUH C Y R L T
28 x2 1 6x 1 5 29 y2 1 12y 1 35
N N DNO I T C NU F E I Q I
30 2z2 1 9z 1 4 31 x2 2 x 2 20
T E RMG E OWL A L HA F T
32 2x2 1 7x 2 15 33 2x2 2 3x 1 1
A R I L T C UDOR P N B A N
34 3x 2 7x 2 6 35
2
4x2 2 9
A A D J H Y T E DW T X L B E
36 x 2 16 37
2
5x2 2 5
L Y T S F A C T OR I S E L D
38 x − 6 x + 11x − 6 39 x 3 + 4 x 2 − 11x − 30
3 2
C I T AR D AUQ F V H I Y I