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Lecture 5-Calculation of Invert Levels: Significance

The document discusses the calculation of invert levels for sewer systems. Invert level is the lowest inside level of a sewer cross-section. Upper and lower invert levels are calculated using the natural ground level, earth cover, pipe diameter, pipe thickness, slope, and length. The gradient is defined as fall divided by distance. Numerical examples demonstrate calculating invert levels at manholes for single and multiple sewer systems of the same or different diameters with given information.

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Ashhad Shafique
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5K views7 pages

Lecture 5-Calculation of Invert Levels: Significance

The document discusses the calculation of invert levels for sewer systems. Invert level is the lowest inside level of a sewer cross-section. Upper and lower invert levels are calculated using the natural ground level, earth cover, pipe diameter, pipe thickness, slope, and length. The gradient is defined as fall divided by distance. Numerical examples demonstrate calculating invert levels at manholes for single and multiple sewer systems of the same or different diameters with given information.

Uploaded by

Ashhad Shafique
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture 5- calculation of

invert levels

Invert Level
• The lowest inside level at any cross-section of a
sewer is known as the INVERT LEVEL at that cross
section.
SIGNIFICANCE:
• Sewers must be laid at a particular slope to attain
self cleansing velocities. The required slope (while
laying the sewers) is achieved through calculations
of invert levels.
Calculation of Upper Invert Level & Lower Invert Level

NSL

Earth cover=1m

Thickness of pipe Dia of pipe

Invert level of pipe

U𝒑𝒑𝒆𝒓 𝑰. = 𝑵𝑮𝑳 − 𝑬𝒂𝒓𝒕𝒉𝒄𝒐𝒗𝒆𝒓 − 𝒅𝒊𝒂 𝒐𝒇 𝒑𝒊𝒑𝒆 − 𝒕𝒉𝒊𝒄𝒌𝒏𝒆𝒔𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒑𝒊𝒑𝒆


𝐋𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐈. 𝐋 = 𝒖𝒑𝒑𝒆𝒓 𝑰. 𝑳 − (𝒔𝒍𝒐𝒑𝒆 𝑿 𝑳𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒕𝒉 𝒐𝒇 𝒑𝒊𝒑𝒆)

Calculation of Upper Invert Level & Lower Invert Level


𝑰
𝒖𝒑𝒑𝒆𝒓 = 𝑵𝑮𝑳 − 𝑬𝒂𝒓𝒕𝒉𝒄𝒐𝒗𝒆𝒓 − 𝒅𝒊𝒂 𝒐𝒇 𝒑𝒊𝒑𝒆 − 𝒕𝒉𝒊𝒄𝒌𝒏𝒆𝒔𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒑𝒊𝒑𝒆
𝑳
𝐼
Lower = 𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝐼/𝐿 − (𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 ∗ 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑖𝑝𝑒)
𝐿

Thickness of pipe
Dia of pipe
Invert level

Earth cover=1m

Thickness of pipe Dia of pipe


Invert level of pipe
Gradients in Pipes

Gradients in Pipes

A gradient may be defined as fall divided by distance.

GRADIENT = FALL / DISTANCE

For example is a 24 meter section of drainage pipe has a fall of 0.30 metres, calculate
the gradient.

Gradient = 0.30 / 24
Gradient = 0.0125
This can be converted into a gradient written as a ratio or 1: some number.

Gradient = 1 / 0.0125 = 80
Gradient = 1 in 80

The above formula may be rearranged for Fall if the gradient is known:

FALL = GRADIENT X DISTANCE


Gradients in Pipes
For example, calculate the fall in a 50 meters section of water pipework if
the gradient is to be 1 in 80.

A gradient of 1 in 80 is converted to a number instead of a ratio.

1 / 80 = 0.0125

Fall = Gradient x Distance

Fall = 0.0125 x 50

Fall = 0.625 meters or 625mm.

Calculation of Invert Level


SINGLE SEWER:
 U/S Invert Level = NGSL – Earth cover – Thickness of Sewer – Dia of
Sewer
 D/S Invert Level = U/S Invert Level – Fall (Fall= slope x length)
TWO OR MORE SEWERS OF SAME SIZE:
When equal dia sewers discharge in a manhole and the same dia sewers
receives the total discharge, LOWEST D/S I.L. among the discharging
sewers will be carried as U/S I.L. for the receiving sewer.
SEWERS OF DIFFERENT SIZE:
When receiving sewer dia is greater than the discharging sewer;
 Keep the crowns at the same level
 Drop the U/S I.L. of the receiving sewer by the difference in the dia of
the two sewers.
Numerical 1
• Calculate upper and lower invert levels at M2 , M3
and M4 if upper invert level of M1 is 100m

M1 M3 M4
M2

225 mm dia 225 mm dia


225 mm dia
L=200m,@0.0082 L=100m,@0.0079
L=300m,@0.007

Numerical 2
Calculate upper and lower invert levels at M2 , M3
and M4 if upper invert level of M1 is 200m

M1 M3 M4
M2

225 mm dia 310 mm dia


380mm dia
L=106 m,@0.0082 L=35m,@0.0080
L=36m,@0.0072
Numerical 3
• Calculate upper and lower invert levels at M2 , M3
and M5 if upper invert level of M1 is 135m and M4
is 120m
M3 M4
M1 M2

225 mm dia 225 mm dia 225mm dia


L=100 m,@0.0080 L=75m,@0.0079 L=36m,@0.007

310mm dia
L=35m,@0.0056

M5

Numerical 4
• Calculate upper and lower invert levels at M2 , M3
,M4 ,M5 and M6 if upper invert level of M1 is 110m

M1 M2 M3 M4

225 mm dia 225 mm dia 375mm dia


L=200 m,@0.0085 L=150m,@0.0075 L=490m,@0.004

375mm dia
L=420m,@0.005
M5

450mm dia
L=480m,@0.0031

M6
Numerical 5
• Calculate Invert levels for partially combined sewer system. Average
water consumption of 400lpcd take NGL=100 m , Earth Cover=1m
and Pipe thickness = 50mm

M1 M2
P=800 persons
L=800m
P=600 persons
L=400m

M4 M3 M5
P=400 persons P=500 persons
L=300m L=700m

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