International Journal of Trend in Research and Development, Volume 3(1), ISSN: 2394-9333

www.ijtrd.com

An Analysis of Linux Operating System

1
Nandhini.U, 2Nivetha.B and 3Shobana.D
1,2
Scholar, 3Assistant Professor,
Department of Information Technology, Sri Krishna Arts and Science College, Coimbatore, India

Abstract: Linux is an operating system for Intel 386/456/

Pentium based IBM PCs and congenial. A world wide
group of enthusiastic volunteers has join forces in
developing many aspects of Linux on the INTERNET.
Linux can run the powerful set of compilers and
programming tools of free software foundation and X-
free 86 ,a port of the X windows system from MIT. One
useful feature of Linux is its ability to coexist with other
operating system. Thus a user who has made an
investment in DOS/MS windows software may continue
running these applications on machine and install.

Keywords: Linux, Operating system, Distributions,

Software, Kernel, Process.
2. KERNEL MANNER: The kernel space is the space
I. INTRODUCTION in memory where all kernel servers are provided via
kernel process. The user has access to it only through the
Linux is a UNIX – like and mostly POSIX non system call. A user process becomes a kernel process
resistant computer operating system. Linux kernel was when it executes a system call.
first released on 5 October 1991 by Linus Torvald, a
graduate Technology in Finland. Since it was written A. Kernel Structural
from scratch, it does not contain any behavior code. It is
assembled under the model of free and open source 1. File system
software development and distributes. Linux is an leading It is trustworthy for storing data on disk and
operating system on server and other big systems such as acquires updating this information. The file system is
mainframe computers and fastest super computer. It also accessed through system calls such as: open, read, and
runs on the coordinated system which devices having OS write. Example: FAT16, FAT32, NTFS ext2, ext3.
is typically built into a microcode, it includes smart
phones, tablets running android, Linux derivatives, 2. Process management
network routers, televisions, video games and smart The Unix OS is a time-sharing system.
watches. The source code may be used, modified and Every process is regular to run for a period of time (time
distributed with respective license as GNU general public slice). Kernel creates, Succeed and deletes processes. [2]
license. Some of the popular Linux distributions are
DEBIAN, UBUNTU, LINUX MINT, FEDORA, ARCH B. Types of Processes
LINUX, RED HAT and SUSE Linux organization server.

II. KERNEL ARCHITECTURE

Modules or sub-systems that provide the operating

system functions. It is an core of a operating system. It is
written by C.
1. USER MANNER: The user manner is the space in
memory user processes run. This memory is above the
kernel. It includes the rest of the accessible memory. The
space is covert. The system prevents one process from 1. Running: The process is either running or it is ready to
interfacing with another process .Only kernel processes run.
can approach a user process. [2]

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 International Journal of Trend in Research and Development, Volume 3(1), ISSN: 2394-9333
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2. Waiting: The process is waiting for an event or for a KNOPPIX, Damn Small Linux, and Linux Mint these are
beginning. belonging to second group. The working of the system
and the preparation of files for both types of distributions
3. Stopped: The process has been obstructed usually by is indistinguishable. Several icons can be seen on the
obtain a signal. desktop for both of the distributions. Switching between
different desktops called Workspaces. It is also possible
4. Zombie: This is unfit process which for some reason in all Linux distributions. All distributions have file
still has a task affected data structure in 26 the task manager application for managing files, web browser for
vector. browsing the Internet, email, applications and several
C. Device Driver other applications for audio, video operations. [1]

Related with each physical driver or essential A. Rpm Based Distributions

driver is a piece of code called Device Driver, which RED HAT LINUX: Red hat Linux operating system is
carry off the device hardware. The main functions of the Linux version distributed by Red hat. It was
driver: Setting up hardware on data formatting. Bringing developed in November 3 1994. This operating system
the connected devices into and out services. Receiving can work in different types of computers such as
data from hardware and passing it back to the kernel. desktops, servers as well as in computers having different
Sending data from the kernel to the device. Detecting and subject field and processors. Several applications for
manipulating device errors. office productivity, web browsing, mailing operations
D. Memory Management and games are installed by default, by installing this type
of distributions. Applications for photo and image
Physical memory is divided into portion of equal influence and networking are also available with this
size called Pages. Types of memory management are: operating system. Encryption facility, firewall, multi
languages support are the other features available with
 Physical memory. this of distributions. Red Hat Linux for Real Time is a
 Virtual memory. computing platform for deadline-orientated applications
 Swap memory. and time-sensitive workloads. Red Hat Linux for Real
Time contains the reliability, scalability, and execution of
E. Networking the world’s starring Linux horizontal surface. [1] [3]
The first incorporate communication ability in 1. Fedora Linux:
UNIX was formulated for Berkeley UNIX 4.2 based
Fedora Linux is an operating system develops under
sockets execution. Sockets provide a programming
Fedora project against presented by Red hat. This is a
interface for networking.
robust and matured operating system. The installer of
III. DEVELOPMENT fedora Linux is known as Anaconda. This operating
system has several default applications. New versions are
The special difference between Linux and released with added features. New release of these
other operating system is “Linux kernel”. Many Linux distributions comes with different desktop state of affairs
distributions are “Distros”. It is a far collection of system namely GNOME, KDE, and LXDE and so on. Support
software and application software packages available for for audio, video and other multimedia files are also
download and installations through a network connection. available with these distributions. Support for web cams
Distributions use a package executive such as apt, yum, and wireless networking is also available in new
zipper, packman or portage to install, remove and modify interpretation. [1]
all of system's software from one fundamental location.
2. Mandiva Linux
Linux Distributions: [1]
This distribution was also known as Mandrake Linux.
Linux distributions are divided into two groups. This is also based on Red hat. It is tone of the most
 rpm based distributions. common and popular link's Linux distributions.
 deb(Debian)based distributions. MANDRIVA Linux comes from 100% community-
Driven organization that believes in the values of free
In rpm distributions, they include distributions like Red software & cooperation and whose origination values are
hat Linux and its derivatives, Fedora, Man diva, Cent Os, Development, Equality, Co-operation, Openness,
SUSE. In deb distributions, they include Ubuntu,

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 International Journal of Trend in Research and Development, Volume 3(1), ISSN: 2394-9333
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Freedom, Group, Achievement, Independence and from itself and operate through RAM. This is one of the
Solidarity. [1] [6] most popular Linux distributions. This is a deb based
operating system. It can be uploading via Bit Torrent or
3. Suse Linux: FTP/HTTP or it can be sequential on CD, DVD or USB
SUSE is a commercial Linux version and is very secure. flash key. There is also one clear example of the
Free versions of these distributions are known as Open “experience shows”. For computers which cannot boot
SUSE Linux. This is a common and popular operating from USB drives. There is also a “boot-only” CD edition.
system is rpm based. It is implanted in 1992. SUSE, now [1] [8]
it is part of Micro Focus. It is the original supplier of the
3. Damn Small Linux:
project Linux distribution and the most inter operable
level for mission-critical computing. Upgrade to these Damn small Linux is small Linux distribution having a
distributions is released day-to-day. Different desktop small size of just 50MB.The distribution can also run
environments can be designated at the time of from CD and from within the windows operating system.
installation. The open SUSI wiki is the source of To create a live CD, the image file having an extension of
information of the open SUSE project and distribution. .ISO is to be downloading from the web. Damn small
The goal is to provide high quality documentation and Linux or DSL was discharged in 2003 to create a Linux
place for collaboration on all part of the projects. This is operating system for older hardware. It's based on
done well structured, standardized and easily readable KNOPPIX/Debian profession. The basic DSL system
way. Content is created, edited and refined by all demands are
community members. [4] [9]
 486 or better business organization
B. Deb Based Distributions: [1]  8 M memory for the command line program
 16 M memory for the graphical user program
Debian/GNU Linux is a comprehensive and
 The DSL upload is 50 M
non commercial Linux distribution. Debian is a volunteer
based Linux distributions. The package is deb based and
IV. APPLICATIONS DEVELOPMENT IN
the dependency resolver is apt-get. This Linux version
LINUX
supports system of different architecture. It has two
desktop environments-Gnu Network Object Model Applications menu in the top panel in the GNOME
Environment (GNOME) and k Desktop Environment environment. There are four types of environment to
(KDE). Several distributions are derived from Debian. develop applications in Linux.
This distribution has regular new releases.
 GAMBAS Development Environment.
1. Ubuntu Linux:  ANJUTA Development Environment.
UBUNTU Linux is an easy to use Linux version.  Qt Environment.
UBUNTU operating system has two versions-the desktop  Bluefish editor. :[1][2]
versions an the server version. This operating system is
derived from DEBIAN LINUX. Two types of graphic A. Advantages of Linux
user interfaces namely GNOME and KDE are available
for UBUNTU. The version in which K Desktop 1. Cost:
Environment is used is known as KUBUNTU. Open The most manifest benefit of using Linux is the fact
office applications, web browser, messaging applications, that it is free to obtain where Microsoft products are
text and graphic editor, mail client and games are available for a powerful and sometimes continual fee.
installed by default. This operating system also provides Microsoft licenses typically are only allowed to be
support for a number of languages. UBUNTU organizes installed on a single computer, whereas a Linux
files in a hierarchical tree, where relationships are distribution can be installed on any number of computers
thought of in terms of children and parent. Directories without paying a single deck. [1][7]
can contain other directories as well as regular files,
which are the “Leaves” of the tree. Any element of the 2. Security:
tree can be references by a Path Name. [1] [5] The security characteristic of Linux is much
2. Knoppix L Inux: stronger than that of Windows. The Linux operating
system has been managed to stay secure in the real of
KNOPPIX Linux is one of the first distributions widespread viruses, spy ware and ad ware. The simplest
that came with live CD distributions. Live CD can boot benefits of Open source code to establish are increased

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 International Journal of Trend in Research and Development, Volume 3(1), ISSN: 2394-9333
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security, responsibility and functionality. Because users CONCLUSION
of Open source are promptly able to identify and correct
problems with the program and to refer their own In this paper we have bestowed the accommodative field
improvement for incorporation into the program. surroundings for operating system as a Solution for
interdependence hardware beginning amongst multiple
3. Reliability: operating systems. We have bestowed its subject field
The subject field of Linux is superior to and recommended an execution method for the ix86
Windows because critical operating system functions are using Linux as the base OS. We have also characterized
enforced in such a way that batty programs cant cause the areas of relevance. Although the execution
computer to become unstable and crash. communicating has centralized around on the ix86 using
Linux, the idea bestowed may be prolonged to other
4. Capabilities: subject field and other base operating system in order to
render the same ability. [2]
In component to the system helpful its tools
from the UNIX world, Linux usually comes with the References
Apache web server, an email server, router/firewall
ability and SQL information. Linux is POSIX [1] Linux – Learning the Essentials written by K.L
nonresistant which means that applications developed for James.
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UNIX procedure with a minimum of process. lab/linux1.pdf
[3] https://www.redhat.com/en/technologies/linux-
B. Disadvantages of Linux platforms/enterprise-Linux
[4] https://www.opensuse.org/
 Non-compatible software [5] https://help.ubuntu.com/community/LinuxFilesyste
 Unsupported hardware mTree.
C. Comparison of Linux, Windows & Mac Operating [6] https://www.openmandriva.org/
System [7] http://www.osnews.com/story/24936/Damn_Small_
Linux_Still_Damn_Fun
[8] http://www.zdnet.com/article/hands-on-with-
knoppix-linux-7-2-0-a-well-established-and-very-
stable-Linux-distribution/
[9] https://en.opensuse.org/Main_Page

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