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Laws of Logarithms - SHS

This document discusses laws of logarithms and provides examples of using properties of logarithms to simplify expressions. It begins by outlining the key laws of logarithms, including adding and subtracting logarithms with the same base. Examples are then given to illustrate using these laws to expand and condense logarithmic expressions. The document also introduces the change of base formula, using it to rewrite logarithmic expressions to different bases.

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508 views

Laws of Logarithms - SHS

This document discusses laws of logarithms and provides examples of using properties of logarithms to simplify expressions. It begins by outlining the key laws of logarithms, including adding and subtracting logarithms with the same base. Examples are then given to illustrate using these laws to expand and condense logarithmic expressions. The document also introduces the change of base formula, using it to rewrite logarithmic expressions to different bases.

Uploaded by

Pam G.
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Lesson 20: Laws of Logarithms

Learning Outcome(s): At the end of the lesson, the learner is able to illustrate the

laws of logarithms.

Lesson Outline:

1. Laws of logarithms

2. Change of base formula

Laws of Logarithms.Let b > 0, b ≠ 1 and let n . For u > 0, v > 0, then

1. logb(uv) = logbu + logbv (Example: log2(3x) = log23 + log2x)

2. logb(u/v) = logbu – logbv (Example: log3(4/5) = log34 – log35)

3. logbu

= n·logbu (Example: log536 = log56

= 2log56)

Example 1. Use the properties of logarithms to expand each expression in terms of

the logarithms of the factors. Assume each factor is positive.

a. log(ab2

Solution.

log(ab2

) = loga + logb2

= loga + 2logb

b. log3(3/x)3

Solution.

log3(3/x)3 = 3log3(3/x)
= 3(log33 – log3x)

= 3(1 – log3x) = 3 – 3log3x

Crauder, B., Evans, B., & Noell, A. (2008). Functions and change: A modeling approach to college

algebra and trigonometry. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.

All rights reserved. No part of this material may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any
means -

electronic or mechanical including photocopying – without written permission from the DepEd Central
Office. First Edition, 2016.

DEPED COPY

107

c. ln[x(x – 5)]

Solution.

ln[x(x – 5)] = lnx + ln(x – 5)

Example 2. Use the properties of logarithm to condense the expressions as a single

logarithm.

a. log2 + log3

Solution.

log2 + log3 = log(2·3)

= log6

b. 2lnx – lny

Solution.

2lnx – lny = lnx2

– lny

= ln(x2
/y)

c. log5(x2

) – 3log5x

Solution.

log5(x2

) – 3log5x = log5(x2

) – log5(x3

= log5(x2

/x3

= log5(1/x)

= log5(x–1

= –log5x

d. 2 – log5

Solution.

2 = 2(1) = 2(log10) = log102

= log100

2 – log5 = log100 – log5

= log(100/5)

= log20

All rights reserved. No part of this material may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any
means -

electronic or mechanical including photocopying – without written permission from the DepEd Central
Office. First Edition, 2016.
DEPED COPY

108

Example 3. Use the change-of-base formula to rewrite the following logarithmic

expressions to the indicated base.

a. log64 (change to base 2)

Solution.

log64

b. log1/22 (change to base e)

log1/22
Change-of-base formula

Any logarithmic expression can be expressed as a quotient of two logarithmic

expressions with a common base. Let a, b, and x be positive real numbers,

with a ≠ 1, b ≠ 1:

electronic or mechanical incl

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