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Reservoir Geosciences Notes

This document provides an introduction to reservoir geosciences, which is the study of the geology of oil and gas reservoirs. It discusses how reservoir geosciences examines both the external geology that forms hydrocarbon traps and the internal geology of the rocks where hydrocarbons are found. The document also provides background on geology, describing how the earth's structure and processes are driven both at the surface by solar energy and internally by radioactive decay. It notes how influential geology has been on mankind through providing natural resources, influencing agriculture and civilization, and causing catastrophic geological events.

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NANIE BUENO
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142 views

Reservoir Geosciences Notes

This document provides an introduction to reservoir geosciences, which is the study of the geology of oil and gas reservoirs. It discusses how reservoir geosciences examines both the external geology that forms hydrocarbon traps and the internal geology of the rocks where hydrocarbons are found. The document also provides background on geology, describing how the earth's structure and processes are driven both at the surface by solar energy and internally by radioactive decay. It notes how influential geology has been on mankind through providing natural resources, influencing agriculture and civilization, and causing catastrophic geological events.

Uploaded by

NANIE BUENO
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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RESERVOIR

GEOSCIENCES

PETE 402

1ST SEMESTER
2ND YEAR COLLEGE
INTRODUCTION TO GEOSCIENCES
RESERVOIR GEOSCIENCES

- Reservoir Geosciences is the understanding of the geology of


the reservoir essential to its development, production, and
management.
- This include both the external geology of the reservoir — what
created the hydrocarbon trap — and the internal geology of the
reservoir — the nature of the rocks in which the hydrocarbons
exist.
- It focuses on what an engineer needs to know about the
external and internal geology to understand the reservoir from
which he or she is planning to produce hydrocarbons.
WHAT IS GEOLOGY?

 GEO - meaning "earth “.


 LOGUS – speech/ study.
 Geology is the study of Earth.
James Hutton

- the Scottish geologist, experimental agriculturalist, chemical


manufacturer, naturalist, and physician is the “father‟ of modern
geology.
STRUCTURE OF THE EARTH
EARTH’ S SURFICIAL PROCESS & EXTERNAL HEAT ENGINE

- Surface processes are mostly driven by solar energy, the


external heat engine. Water is evaporated from the oceans and
rains down on the continents. Water chemically attacks
(weathers) the silicate rocks and physically transports (erodes)
the weathered products back to the ocean where they are laid
down as horizontal sedimentary beds.
- Solidification of these sediments by burial to form sedimentary
rocks is called lithification. This cycling of water is called the
hydrologic cycle. Solar driven wind may also redistribute the
sediments on the land surface.
Lithification

- The solidification of the sediments by burial to form


sedimentary rocks.
MAJOR EXTERNAL PROCESSES: DRIVEN BY ENERGY FROM THE
SUN AND FROM GRAVITY
Glacial Erosion

- includes processes that


occur directly in association
with glacial ice, such as
abrasion, plucking, physical
and chemical erosion by
subglacial meltwater, as
well as processes that are
enhanced or modified by
glaciation.

Summary:
• Weathering and erosion
• Deposition and Soil Formation
• Glaciers, Rivers and Streams
• Mass Movement (landslides, rock falls)
• Land-Sea Interactions/Coastal
Erosion
• Hydrologic cycle

EARTH’ S INTERNAL STRUCTURE & HEAT ENGINE

- The Earth is about 6370 km in radius. (40,000/2pi).


Internal Process: in the Earth’s interior
Why Is Earth Hot Inside?

- A major source of Earth’s heat is radioactivity, the energy


released when the unstable atoms decay.
- The radioactive isotopes uranium-235 ( 235U), uranium-238
( 238U), potassium-40 ( 40K), and thorium-232 ( 232Th) in
Earth’s mantle are the primary source..
HOW INFLUENCIAL GEOLOGY TO THE MANKIND?
III. Natural Resources and Economic Life

Natural Resources
Saudi Arabia

- has the most massive oil reserve in the world.


- This geologic fact bolsters the economic and political position of
Saudi Arabia, and that, in turn, can affect the quality of life for its
inhabitants.
IV. Topsoil and Agriculture
The Great Plains region of the
United States had a deep layer
of topsoil that led to a
proliferation of farming.

V. Bedrock and Civilization


The bedrock is the layer
solid rock beneath a region's
soil. The type and depth of the
bedrock layer plays a large role in
determining both building methods
and water flow in a region.
VI. Catastrophic Events
Physical geology encompasses
the study of the Earth's tectonic
plates and their movement.
Seismic events such as
earthquakes and tsunamis are the
result of tectonic shifts.
The Federal Emergency
Management Agency in the United
States help minimize damage and
casualties.

VII. Exploitation
The influence of physical geology on
people is not one-sided; civilization can
have an impact on physical geology.
For example, some types of
construction and development can
accelerate erosion. Furthermore,
resources are depleted when people
mine them. The interrelated nature of
geology and civilization should always
be considered when technological developments are at hand. If a
practice involves the exploitation of physical geology and is not
ecologically sustainable, it could ultimately have deleterious effects on
the people who undertake it.

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