Chapter # 11, API 580 Question

Q: Risk shall be determined by combining the, which of the following items ?

A: POF

B: COF

C: POF & COF

D: All of the above

Q: The loss of containment failure may only be the first event in a series of events that lead to a which of the
following category?

A: Probability of failure

B: Consequence of failure

C: Both A & B

D: None of the above

Q: The loss of containment failure may only be the…………..event in a series of events that lead to consequences?

A: First event

B: Second of the event

C: Important

D: None of the above

Q: The probability of credible events leading up to the specific ………………………… should be factored into the
probability of the specific consequence occurring.

A: Event

B: consequence

C: Items

D: Sensitive

Q: In resultant of the loss of containment , a series of first event is, which of the following ?

A: Dispersion, dilution, or accumulation of the fluid.

B: Initiation of or failure to initiate preventative action (shutting down nearby ignition sources, neutralizing the fluid,
etc.).

C: Events until the specific consequence event (fire, toxic release, injury, environmental release, etc.) occurs.

D: Initiation or failure of safeguards (isolation, alarms, etc.).

Q: In resultant of the loss of containment , a series of third event is, which of the following ?

A: Dispersion, dilution, or accumulation of the fluid.

B: Initiation of or failure to initiate preventative action (shutting down nearby ignition sources, neutralizing the fluid,
etc.).
 Chapter # 11, API 580 Question

C: Events until the specific consequence event (fire, toxic release, injury, environmental release, etc.) occurs.

D: Initiation or failure of safeguards (isolation, alarms, etc.).

Q: In resultant of the loss of containment , a series of other event is, which of the following ?

A: Dispersion, dilution, or accumulation of the fluid.

B: Initiation of or failure to initiate preventative action (shutting down nearby ignition sources, neutralizing the fluid,
etc.).

C: Events until the specific consequence event (fire, toxic release, injury, environmental release, etc.) occurs.

D: Initiation or failure of safeguards (isolation, alarms, etc.).

Q: The probability of a specific consequence is tied to the severity of the which of the following and may differ
considerably from the probability of the equipment failure itself?

A: Consequence

B: Damage mechanism

C: Inspection result

D: Probability

Q: The probability of a specific consequence is tied to the severity of the consequence and may differ considerably
from the equipment failure itself?

A: Consequence

B: Damage mechanism

C: Inspection result

D: Probability Q:

Q: Probabilities of incidents generally …………………………. with the severity of the incident?

A: Increase

B: Decrease

C: Stope

D: Eliminate

Q: Probabilities of incidents generally decrease with the severity of which of the following ?

A: Consequence

B: Damage mechanism

C: Incident

D: All of the above

Q: What will be the effected if the Personnel unqualified in risk assessment methods often link the POF with the
most severe ………………………. that can be envisioned?

A: Consequence

B: Damage mechanism

C: Inspection result

D: Probability

Q: What will be the effect if the Personnel unqualified in risk assessment methods often link the POF with the most
………………………… consequences that can be envisioned?

A: Serious

B: Fair

C: Vital

D: Sever

Q: For a specific damage mechanism, the expected mode of failure should be considered when determining the
What of incidents in the aftermath of an equipment failure?

A: Consequence

B: Damage mechanism

C: Inspection result

D: Probability

Q: the consequences expected from a small leak could be What of the following than the consequences expected
from a brittle fracture.

A: Same

B: Small leak

C: Different

D: None of the above

Q: A credible consequences that should be evaluated. However, it is often possible to determine a dominant
probability/consequence pair, such that it is not necessary to include every credible scenario in the analysis. Which
of the following should be used to eliminate trivial cases?

A: Company published data

B: Engineering judgment and experience

C: Inspection and Mitigation strategies

D: Perform Fitness-For-Service assessment

risk of a specific consequence = probability of a specific consequence × specific consequence

Q: If probability and consequence are not expressed as numerical values, risk is usually determined by plotting the
probability and consequence on which of the following ?

A: Log sheet

B: Numerical & Log scale

C: Risk Metrix

D: All of the above

Q: In which of the following condition, the risk is determined by plotting the probability and consequences on the
risk matrix?

A: If the Risk is unknown

B: If the risk known

C: If the risk is unacceptable

D: If the POF & COF are not expressed in numerical value

Q: when a risk matrix is used, the probability to be plotted should be the probability of which of the following ?

A: Probability of Failure

B: Probability of associated consequence

C: Both A&B

D: None of the above

Q: when a risk matrix is used, the probability to be plotted should be the probability of the associated
consequence, not the POF. Also note that the overall risk shall include the probability of Which of the following ?

A: Loss of containment

B: Damage mechanism

C: Probability of Failure

D: Probability of associated consequence

Q: which of the following item used as a powerful tool that is being used by many companies, governments, and
regulatory authorities as one method in determining risk acceptance ?

A: RBI Tool

B: Hand & Power tool

C: Cost-benefit

D: Financial assessment tool

Q: Risk acceptance may vary for different risks. For example, risk tolerance for an environmental risk may be
higher than which of the following ?

A: Financial Risk

B: safety/health risk.

C: Equipment failure Risk

D: Facility downtime risk

Q: Risk acceptance may vary for different risks. For example, risk tolerance for an environmental risk may be
……………………..than for a safety/health risk?

A: Heigher

B: Lower

C: Fair

D: None of the above

Q: The use of risk assessment in inspection and maintenance planning is unique in that consequence information,
which is traditionally operations based, and POF information, which is typically engineering, maintenance, or
inspection based, is combined to assist in which of the following ?

A: Risk

B: Mitigation process

C: Planning Process

D: RBI program

Q: The use of risk assessment in inspection and maintenance planning is unique in that consequence information,
which is traditionally by which of the following ?

A: Process based

B: Condition based

C: Operation based

D: Maintenance & Inspection based

Q: POF information, which is typically by which of the following ?

A: Engineering based

B: Inspection based

C: Maintenance based

D: All of the above

Q: Determining the risk of process units, or individual process equipment items, facilitates this, What are now
prioritized based on the risk value?

A: Risk Planning
 Chapter # 11, API 580 Question

B: Risk mitigation

C: Risk estimation

D: Inspection

Q: Which of the following is typically involves reviewing some or all input variables to the risk calculation to
determine the overall influence on the resultant risk value ?

A: Qualitative analysis

B: Quantitative analysis

C: Both A&B

D: Sensitivity analysis

Q: Preliminary estimates of probability and consequence may be which of the following; therefore, the
information-gathering performed after the sensitivity analysis should be focused on developing more certainty for
the key input variables?

A: conservative or too pessimistic

B: Detailed & documented

C: Less details & specific

D: Most critical data

Q: Which of the following process should ultimately lead to a reevaluation of the key input variables. As such, the
quality and accuracy of the risk analysis should improve. This is an important part of the data validation phase of
risk assessment.

A: Planning process

B: Risk assessment process

C: Sensitivity

D: Re-validation

Q: When the POF & COD data in not available for assessment, which of the following to used for assessment as per
RBI 580?

A: Quality Data

B: Specific equipment data

C: Assumption or estimates

D: Company published data

Q: As advised in being too conservative, as overestimating consequences and/or POF values will unnecessarily
inflate the calculated risk values. Presenting over inflated risk values may mislead inspection planners,
management, and insurers and can create which of the following ?

A: Misleading to user for RBI process

B: In-correct information collected

C: Impacted on financial cost

D: Lack of credibility for the user and RBI process

Q: Assumptions or estimates of input values are often used when consequence and/or POF data are ?

A: Very short

B: Too large

C: Not available

D: in Less details

Q: Once risk values are developed, they can then be presented in a variety of ways to communicate the results of
the analysis to decision-makers and inspection planners. One goal of the risk analysis is to communicate the results
in a Which of the following format that a variety of people can understand.

A: Detailed format

B: Common format

C: Very short in details

D: Briefly described for understanding for other people

Q: One goal of the risk analysis is to communicate the results in a common format that a variety of people can
understand. Using which of the following to accomplishing this goal?

A: Risk metrix

B: Plot

C: Risk matrix or plot

D: Risk matrix and plot

Q: For risk ranking methodologies that use consequence and probability categories, presenting the results in a risk
matrix is a very effective way of communicating the distribution of risks throughout a plant or process unit without
which of the following ?

A: Upset or shutdown

B: numerical values

C: Using risk values

D: Detailed information

NOTE : The consequence and probability categories are arranged such that the highest risk ranking is toward the
upper right-hand corner. It is usually desirable to associate numerical values with the categories to provide guidance
to the personnel performing the assessment (e.g. probability category C ranges from 0.001 to 0.01). Different sizes of
matrices may be used (e.g. 5 × 5, 4 × 4, etc.). Regardless of the matrix selected, the consequence and probability
categories should provide sufficient discrimination between the items assessed.
 Chapter # 11, API 580 Question

Q: Risk categories may be assigned to the boxes on the risk matrix. An example risk categorization (higher,
medium, and lower) of the risk matrix is shown in Figure 7. In this example, the risk categories are which of the
following ?

A: asymmetrical

B: symmetrical

C: symmetrical and asymmetrical

D: Geometrical

Q: Risk categories may be assigned to the boxes on the risk matrix, They may also which of the following where for
instance the consequence category may be given higher weighting than the probability category.

A: asymmetrical

B: symmetrical

C: symmetrical and asymmetrical

D: Geometrical

Note: When more quantitative consequence and probability data are being used, and where showing numeric risk
values is more meaningful to the stakeholders, a risk plot (or graph) is used (see Figure 7). This graph is constructed
similarly to the risk matrix in that the highest risk is plotted toward the upper right-hand corner. Often a risk plot is
drawn using log-log scales for a better understanding of the relative risks of the items assessed. In the example plot in
Figure 8, 10 pieces of equipment are shown, as well as an ISO-risk line

Q: Using plot or risk matrix and equipment items residing toward the upper right-hand corner of the plot or risk
matrix will take most priority for inspection planning because these items have the which of the the following risk
category?

A: High risk

B: Low risk

C: Medium Risk

D: Medium & High risk

Q: Items residing toward the lower left-hand corner of the plot (or matrix) will tend to take, which of the following
action ?

A: Take priority for inspection planning because these items have the highest risk

B: Take lower priority because these items have the lowest risk

C: Take lower priority because these items have the medium risk

D: All of the above

Q: Once the plots have been completed, the risk plot (or matrix) can then be used as a which of the following tool
during the prioritization process.

A: Cast effective tools

B: Risk mitigation tool

C: Screening tool

D: RBI tool

Risk may be described in terms of dollars or other numerical values as described in 9.2 even if a qualitative analysis
has been performed, and the results have been plotted on a risk matrix. Numerical values associated with each of the
probability and consequence categories on the risk matrix may be used to calculate the risk. For cost-related risk, a
net present value savings vs inspection time plot may be used to time the inspection activities

Q: After the risk analysis has been performed, and risk values plotted, the which of the following process begins ?

A: risk evaluation

B: risk mitigation

C: risk estimation

D: risk assessment

Q: Risk plots and matrices can be used to screen and initially identify by which of the following equipment items?

A: higher

B: intermediate

C: lower

D: All of the above

Q: Divide the risk plot, matrix, or table into acceptable and unacceptable regions of risk can be developed and
called ?

A: Thresholds

B: Screening

C: Validation

D: All of the above

Q: Corporate safety and financial policies and constraints or risk criteria influence the placement of the which ?

A: Thresholds

B: Screening

C: Validation

D: All of the above

Q: Reduction of some risks to a lower level may not be practical due to which of the following. An as low as
reasonably practical (ALARP) approach to risk management or other risk management approach may be necessary for
these items

A: technology and cost constraints

B: Cost effective
 Chapter # 11, API 580 Question

C: Inspection & mitigation planning

D: Both A & B

Q: Based on the ranking of items and the risk threshold, Which of the following process begins ?

A: Risk assessment

B: Risk management

C: Risk evaluation

D: Risk mitigation

Note: For risks considered unacceptable and therefore requiring risk mitigation, there are various mitigation
categories that should be considered.

a) Decommission—Is the equipment really necessary to support unit operation?

b) Inspection and Repairs—Can a cost-effective inspection program, with repair as indicated by the inspection
results, be implemented that will reduce risks to an acceptable level?

c) Consequence Mitigation—Can actions be taken to lessen the COF related to an equipment failure such as
operational changes or design changes (e.g. isolation, detection system) that can reduce the COF?

d) Probability Mitigation—Can actions be taken to lessen the POF such as material of construction changes,
operational changes, or equipment redesign?

Risk management decisions can now be made on which mitigation action(s) to take