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By Master of Education (2010 - 2011) School of Education Pondicherry University

The document discusses theories of teaching. It begins by defining a theory of teaching as a set of constructs, definitions, and propositions that systematically explain and predict teaching by specifying relationships between variables to explain teaching. It then discusses three types of theories: formal, descriptive, and normative. Several specific theories are outlined, including Meutic theory, communication theory, moulding theory, and mutual inquiry theory. Descriptive theories are based on propositions and observations. Examples of instructional theories include Gagne's hierarchical theory and Bruner's cognitive developmental theory. The document also discusses theories of teacher behavior and a general theory of teaching.

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vruttika parmar
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98 views34 pages

By Master of Education (2010 - 2011) School of Education Pondicherry University

The document discusses theories of teaching. It begins by defining a theory of teaching as a set of constructs, definitions, and propositions that systematically explain and predict teaching by specifying relationships between variables to explain teaching. It then discusses three types of theories: formal, descriptive, and normative. Several specific theories are outlined, including Meutic theory, communication theory, moulding theory, and mutual inquiry theory. Descriptive theories are based on propositions and observations. Examples of instructional theories include Gagne's hierarchical theory and Bruner's cognitive developmental theory. The document also discusses theories of teacher behavior and a general theory of teaching.

Uploaded by

vruttika parmar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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By

JEEN PETER
Master of Education (2010 – 2011)
School of Education
Pondicherry University
“A theory of teaching is a set of
interrelated constructs, definitions,
propositions which present a systematic
view of teaching by specifying relations
among variables with the purpose of
explaining and predicting”.
Formal Theory of Descriptive theory Normative theory
teaching of teaching of teaching

1. Meutic Theory of 1. Theories of 1. Cognitive theory of


teaching instruction teaching
3. Communication 3. Prescriptive 3. Theory of teacher
Theory of teaching theory of teaching behaviour
5. Moulding theory of
5. Psychological
teaching
Theory of teaching
7. The mutual enquiry
7. General theory of
theory
teaching
The theory which is based upon certain
logic, certain metaphysical,
epistemological assumptions and
propositions is known as formal
theory of teaching.
Meutic Theory of Teaching
 This theory conceives that teaching process
helps to recollect or unfold that knowledge
with questioning techniques.

 The socratic’s method is an essential for this


theory.

 The heredity plays an important role in


teaching process.
The communication Theory of Teaching
 This theory of teaching based upon
assumptions that the teacher possesses all
knowledge and information which student
does not possess.

 the teacher presents, explains, demonstrates


and performs in the classroom.
The moulding theory of teaching
 John Dewey is the advocate of this moulding
theory of teaching.

 It has the focus on shape, form and mould of


the students behavior.

 human personality is formed, shaped and


moulded by their environment.
The mutual inquiry theory
 This theory assumes that each individual has
the capacity to discover new knowledge with
mutual inquiry.

 True knowledge is inquiry.

 This theory of teaching is clearly applicable to


research and art.
Descriptive theory of teaching is
based upon certain propositions
and certain observations.
Theories of Instructions

3. Gagne’s hierarchical theory of Instruction.

5. Atkinson’s Decision Theoretic Analysis for


optimizing learning.

7. Bruner’s Cognitive Developmental Theory of


Instruction.
Gagne’s hierarchical theory of Instruction

Learning event Corresponding instructional events

Reception Gaining attention


Expectancy Information learners of the objective
Retrieval Stimulation recall or prior learning
Selective Perception Presenting the stimulus
Semantic encoding Providing learning guidance
Responding Eliciting performance
Reinforcement Providing feedback
Retrieval Assessing performance
Generalization Enhancing retention and transfer
Atkinson’s Decision-theoretic Analysis for
Optimizing Learning.
Atkinson Proposed four characteristics

5. Model of the learning process should be involved

7. It should involve specified instructional actions

9. The instructional objectives should be specified in behavioral


terms.

11. Each instructional objective can be measured by Burner


advocates that a theory of instruction is designing measurement
scale or questions.
Bruner’s Cognitive Developmental Theory of Instruction.
Bruner has specified four features
 Predisposition to learn - A theory of instruction must be concerned
with the experiences and context that will tend to make the child
willing and able to learn when he enters the school

 Structure of knowledge - A theory of instruction should specify the


ways in which body of knowledge should be structured so that it can
be most readily grasped by the learner.

 Sequence of instruction – A theory of instruction should specify the


most effective sequences to present the material

 Reinforcement – A theory of instruction should specify the nature and


pacing of rewards, moving from extrinsic rewards of intrinsic one.
E. Stones and Morries have attempted to explain the
nature of teaching with the help of three types of
related variables:

 The first phase includes the teacher in the analysis of the


teaching problems and teaching tests before teaching
takes place.

 In the second Phase decision are made about the


interrelationship of the variables deemed appropriate to
teaching objectives

 The third phase concerns with evaluating the effectiveness


and workability of phase two
The cognitive theory of teaching

e Types of teacher’s activity –Adviser, counselor,


motivator, demonstrator, curriculum planner and
evaluator.

s Types of educational objectives –Cognitive, Affective


and Psychomotor.

. Types of learning theories – philosophical theories of


learning Psychological theories of learning

o Types of components of learning - drive, cue,


response and reward.
D.G. Ryan has tried to explain the concept of
teacher-behaviour and formulated a theory of
teacher-behaviour.

“Teacher behavior consists of those acts that the


teacher performs typically in the classroom in
order to induce-learning”.
- M. Meux and B.O. Smith
It is based upon two postulates.

 Teacher behaviour is social in nature

 Teacher behaviour is relative


 This theory considers teaching a sort
contractual relationship between the teacher
and the pupils.

 That relationship consists of certain activities


to be performed by the teacher such as :
analyzing teaching task, determining learning
goals, identifying entering behavior and
selecting teaching strategy
 S.C.T. Clarke has formulated a general theory
of teaching.

 It assumes that teaching is process which is


designed and performed to produce change in
behavior of students.
 Teaching theory is prescriptive.
 Teachers and pupils are the major variables of
teaching theory.
 It is narrow and specific.
 It is based upon learning theory, learning
conditions and learning components.
 While learning theory are formulated by
conducting experiments on animals teaching
theory is developed by dealing with human
subjects in normal situations. I
 It is concerned with effective learning and
development of pupils.
The teacher gains attention by showing variety of
triangles
 To recognize an equilateral
triangle
Definition of triangle
A three sided polygon
Definition of an equilateral triangle
A polygon with all sides equal
Step 3:
1.
2:
4: with
Draw
With
Join A
BC
Baas
as
line
and
centre
centre
AB
CAofand
and
5cmradius
radius 5cm
5 cmdraw
drawanother
an arc arc to cut the
previous arc and mark it C

5 cm 5 cm

A 5 cm B

This is an equilateral triangle where all sides are equal


Here the teacher asks the students to create 5
different examples of equilateral triangle
Here the teacher checks all examples as correct or
incorrect
In this level the teacher provides scores and
remediation.
Now the teacher shows the pictures of different
triangles and asks students to identify
equilateral triangle
1 2

4 5
Sharma. R.K. “Technological
foundation of education”, Theories
of teaching.

Mangal. S.K. “Advanced Educational


Psychology”, Nature and theories of
learning. PHI learning Private
Limited. Pg.235 – 236.
Thank you

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