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Lab 11 (Hardware Practice) PDF

The document describes speed control methods for a DC shunt motor. It discusses field flux control, armature resistance control, and terminal voltage control. For field flux control, speed is varied by inserting a rheostat in the field winding circuit to adjust flux. Only higher speeds are possible. For armature resistance control, a rheostat is inserted in the armature circuit, allowing only lower speeds, but causing power waste and poor regulation. Terminal voltage control avoids these issues by using independent voltage sources for the field and armature, allowing control of speed across the full range. The lab procedures involve collecting speed data under varied field current and armature voltage to generate graphs characterizing motor performance.

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zeeshan shaukat
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80 views

Lab 11 (Hardware Practice) PDF

The document describes speed control methods for a DC shunt motor. It discusses field flux control, armature resistance control, and terminal voltage control. For field flux control, speed is varied by inserting a rheostat in the field winding circuit to adjust flux. Only higher speeds are possible. For armature resistance control, a rheostat is inserted in the armature circuit, allowing only lower speeds, but causing power waste and poor regulation. Terminal voltage control avoids these issues by using independent voltage sources for the field and armature, allowing control of speed across the full range. The lab procedures involve collecting speed data under varied field current and armature voltage to generate graphs characterizing motor performance.

Uploaded by

zeeshan shaukat
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EE350L: Electric Machinery Fundamentals

Lab 11 Manual
Speed Control of DC Shunt Motor
(Hardware practice)

Lab Instructor: Zeeshan Shaukat

Student Name:

Reg No:

Date:

Instructions:
➢ Complete all activities in lab and get checked by the lab engineer.
➢ Home task should be completed before next lab and must checked by the lab engineer.
➢ At the end of all activities and home task students advised to write a summary in their
own words.
➢ Late submission will lead to deduction of marks.
➢ Date must be properly mentioned.
Objective:

First Objective:
To observe the speed control of dc shunt motor in MATLAB Simulink by field flux control
method.
Second Objective:
To observe the speed control of dc shunt motor in MATLAB Simulink by terminal voltage
control method.

Background:

1) Field Flux Control Method

It is based on the fact that by varying the flux φ, the motor speed (N α 1/ φ) can be changed and
hence the name flux control method. In this method, a variable resistance (known as shunt field
rheostat) is placed in series with shunt field winding as shown in Fig A.

Fig. A

The shunt field rheostat reduces the shunt field current Ish and hence the flux f. Therefore, we
can only raise the speed of the motor above the normal speed as shown in sample graph Fig B.

Fig. B
Generally, this method permits to increase the speed in the ratio 3:1. Wider speed ranges tend to
produce instability and poor commutation.

To summarize the cause-and-effect behavior involved in this method of speed control:


I. Increasing RF causes IF↓ (= VT/ RF↑) to decrease.
2. Decreasing IF decreases φ.
3. Decreasing φ lowers EA (= K φ↓ w).
4. Decreasing EA increases IA (= VT -EA↓)/RA
5. Increasing IA increases Tind(= K φ↓ IA ), with the change in IA dominant over
the change in flux).
6. Increasing Tind makes Tind > Tload, and the speed w increases.
7. Increasing to increases EA = K φ w↑ again.
8.Increasing EA decreases IA.
9.Decreasing IA decreases Tind until Tind = Tload at a higher speed w.

Advantages

(i) This is an easy and convenient method.


(ii) It is an inexpensive method since very little power is wasted in the shunt field rheostat due to
relatively small value of Ish.
(iii) The speed control exercised by this method is independent of load on the
machine.

Disadvantages

(i) Only speeds higher than the normal speed can be obtained since the total field circuit
resistance cannot be reduced below Rsh—the shunt field winding resistance.
(ii) There is a limit to the maximum speed obtainable by this method. It is because if the flux is
too much weakened, commutation becomes poorer.

2) Armature Resistance Control Method

This method is done by inserting a variable resistance RC (known as controller resistance) in


series with the armature as shown in Fig C.

Fig. C Fig. D
N α V - Ia (Ra + RC )
where RC = controller resistance
Due to voltage drop in the controller resistance, the back e.m.f. (Eb) is decreased. Since N µ Eb,
the speed of the motor is reduced. The highest speed obtainable is that corresponding to RC = 0
i.e., normal speed. Hence, this method can only provide speeds below the normal speed (See Fig.
D).
Disadvantages

(i) A large amount of power is wasted in the controller resistance since it carries full armature
current Ia.
(ii) The speed varies widely with load since the speed depends upon the voltage drop in the
controller resistance and hence on the armature current demanded by the load.
(iii) The output and efficiency of the motor are reduced.
(iv) This method results in poor speed regulation.

3) Terminal Voltage Control Method

In this method, the voltage source supplying the field current is different from that which
supplies the armature. This method avoids the disadvantages of poor speed regulation and low
efficiency as in armature control method. However, it is quite expensive. Therefore, this method
of speed control is employed for large size motors where efficiency is of great importance. Any
Speed the motor can be obtained by this method.

Procedure: (Shunt Motor)


a- Armature voltage control:
• Connect the circuit of a shunt motor with supply from the DC variable 0-250V supply on
the terminal board through the measuring unit as the applied voltage is to be measured.
A milli-ampere meter is connected in series in the field winding circuit with a shunt
regulator.
• Increase the applied voltage so that speed is nearly 1400r.p.m. adjusts the field current
to 0.60mA from the shunt regulator. This value of field current is to be held constant
during the experiment.
• Start increasing the applied voltage from the power supply unit which will increase the
field current, so to make it constant change, the shunt regulation and make it constant at
0.60mA for every reading.
• Take at least 8 reading at appropriate interval until the speed has nearly reached
1700r.p.m. at this speed the motor will cause severe vibration.
• Draw the graph with applied voltage (V) on the x-axis and speed on the y-axis.

b- Field winding current control:


• Connect the circuit of a shunt motor with supply from the DC variable 0-300V supply on
the terminal board. A milli-ampere meter is connected in series in the field winding
circuit with a shunt regulator.
• Make the shunt regulator at minimum resistance i.e. 0. Increase applied voltage so that
speed is 1400 r.p.m.
• Take at least 8 reading with appropriate intervals till speed is 1700r.p.m. at this speed
the motor will cause server vibration.
• Draw he graph with filed current Iƒ (mA) on the x-axis and the speed (r.p.m) on the y-
axis.
Observation:
• Armature voltage control:
Sr.No. Armature voltage control (V) Speed (r.p.m)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

• Field winding current control:


Sr.No. Field current Iƒ (mA) Speed (r.p.m)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Graph for field winding current control method:

Field Current Iƒ (mA)


Graph for Armature voltage control method:

Armature Voltage (V)


Conclusion/Summary:

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