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Questionaire Construction: What Is Questionnaire ?

A questionnaire is a research tool consisting of a series of questions used to gather information from respondents. It can be defined as a set of interrelated questions asked to obtain uniform responses on a topic. The document discusses how to construct an effective questionnaire, including determining what information is needed, choosing an appropriate sample, providing clear instructions, using different question types and formats, carefully ordering questions, and ensuring good layout and formatting. The goal is to get high-quality responses by making the questionnaire easy for participants to understand and complete.

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Mehro Malik
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79 views

Questionaire Construction: What Is Questionnaire ?

A questionnaire is a research tool consisting of a series of questions used to gather information from respondents. It can be defined as a set of interrelated questions asked to obtain uniform responses on a topic. The document discusses how to construct an effective questionnaire, including determining what information is needed, choosing an appropriate sample, providing clear instructions, using different question types and formats, carefully ordering questions, and ensuring good layout and formatting. The goal is to get high-quality responses by making the questionnaire easy for participants to understand and complete.

Uploaded by

Mehro Malik
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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QUESTIONAIRE CONSTRUCTION

What is Questionnaire ?
1. Questionnaire can be defined as a set of interrelated questions asked with a purpose to obtain
response on uniform topic.

2. Questionnaire is a list of interrelated question about problem.

3. A questionnaire is a series of questions asked to individuals to obtain useful information about a


given topic.

4. Easy, understandable and reasonable arrangement of item in questioning manner to conduct the
research is called questionnaire.

5. A questionnaire is a research instrument consisting of a series of questions and other prompts for the purpose of
gathering information from respondents.

Explanation
From all above definitions we come to know that questionnaire is very popular tool for conducting
research. It is seems to be easy but in real, it is very difficult. In questionnaire you should select those
questions which are related to your research but if your questions are not related to your research
problem then it is not good for your research.

HOW TO START QUESTIONNAIRE

What do you want to know ?


Before you even write the first question, it is important that you have a very clear idea about what
you want your questionnaire to achieve. Write down your research goals, and think about what
information you need to elicit from respondents to meet those goals. Think also about how you are
going to analyze each question to get the results you need. Remember there is a difference between
things you need to know, and those it would be nice to know. Eliminate unnecessary lines of
questioning at the planning stage.

Who should you ask ?


It may not be possible to survey every person who could provide a useful response to your
questionnaire. In such cases, you will need to choose a sample from your population to survey.
Population: all the members of the group you are interested in.
Sample: the subset of the population selected to receive the questionnaire.
Respondents : the subset of the sample that actually complete and return the questionnaire

When choosing your sample make sure it is representative of the population you are studying. For
example, does it cover all ages, socio-economic groups, genders, etc?

Clear Instructions
Maximize your response rate by providing clear information and instructions as follows:
 State, who you are.
 Outline what the purpose of the survey is and why their response is important.

Prepared by: Komal Mehreen


M.Phil (Communication and Media Studies)
 Explain how answers will be treated with confidentiality and anonymity (unless agreed with the
respondent).
 Provide clear instructions as to how each question should be answered – e.g. whether you are
expecting one or more answers or whether answers should be ranked – and if so, is 1 high or
low?
 How to return the questionnaire and by what date.

Types of Questionnaire. Following are the four main types of questionnaire: -

1. Close Form Questionnaire. Questionnaire that call for short response are called fixed, closed, structured,
scheduled or restricted form questionnaire. By including closed format questions in your questionnaire design, you
can easily calculate statistical data and percentages.

2. Open Form Questionnaire. Questionnaire that call for free response in respondents own words are called open,
unrestricted, unstructured or unscheduled questions. Open ended questions give your respondent an opportunity to
express their opinions and you can get true and even unexpected suggestions.

3. Mixed Form Questionnaire. This form of questionnaire consist of both close ended and open ended types of
questions depending upon the requirement of data for research studies.

4. Pictorial Form Questionnaire. This form of questionnaire consists on drawing, photographs, charts, and pictures
suitable specially for childrens and person with limited education.

Construction of Questionnaire
For framing or constructing questionnaire we have to keep following things in mind: -

1. Wording / Language of Questionnaire . Wording of the questionnaire can greately effect the answers we receive
from respondents. The wording of the questionnaire include following points: -
a. Avoid technical words.
b. Use understandable words.
c. Use simple and short words.
d. Use uniform words for every variable in research.
e. Be Specific.
f. Avoid double barrel questions.
g. Avoid double negatives.
h. Don’t ask leading questions.
i. Avoid embarrasing questions.
j. Avoid phrases.

2. Order of Questionnaire. When combining questions to form the final questionnaire the researcher must decide how
many questions to include and in wich order to present them. Few rules for questionnaire are given as under: -
a. Put the most important items in first half of questionnaire. Many people don’t complete
questionnaires. This will ensure you get the most significant data from non- finishers.
b. Ask information needed question.
c. Place the questions in logical order.
d. Put sensative questions at the end.
e. Ask open ended questions.
f. Don’t start with awkward or embarrassing questions – respondents may just give up.

Prepared by: Komal Mehreen


M.Phil (Communication and Media Studies)
g. Start with easy and non- threatening questions. This encourages respondents to carry on
with the questionnaire.
h. Go from the general to the particular.
i. Go from factual to abstract questions.
j. Go from closed to open questions.
k. Leave demographic and personal questions until last.

Layout
The appearance of your questionnaire will go a long way towards encouraging (or discouraging)
responses. Always allow enough room for respondents to answer questions and provide plenty of white
space between questions so the questionnaire doesn’t look too ‘busy’. Use clear headings and
numbering if appropriate.

Although it’s tempting to use smaller fonts in order to squeeze your questionnaire onto a smaller
number of pages, don’t make it so small that it becomes illegible. A minimum of 10pt should be used.

Prepared by: Komal Mehreen


M.Phil (Communication and Media Studies)
Prepared by: Komal Mehreen
M.Phil (Communication and Media Studies)

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