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SkyEdge II
DVB-S2 ACM
System Architecture

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Agenda

DVB-S2 Introduction
System architecture - Functional description
MODCOD Algorithm
DVB-S2 related Hub components - functional description
Test your knowledge

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DVB-S2 Introduction

Defined in ETSI EN 302 307 (2nd gen’ for satellite broadcasting standard).
Development motivation to serve Broadcast services for standard definition
TV and High Definition (HDTV)
Advanced Modulation - QPSK, 8PSK, 16APSK and 32APSK
Robust Turbo coding (BCH – block code, LDPC – concatenated turbo code)
A wide range of FEC rates - 1/4, 1/3, 2/5, 1/2, 3/5, 2/3, 3/4, 4/5, 5/6, 8/9 and 9/10
Tighter Spacing - 0.2 roll off (compared to 0.35 in DVB-S)
29 possible Modulation & Coding schemes (MODCODs).

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The DVB-S2 system has been designed for several satellite broadband applications:

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• Broadcast services for standard definition TV and HDTV
• Interactive services, including Internet access, for consumer applications
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• Professional applications, such as Digital TV contribution and News Gathering
• ___________________________________
TV distribution to terrestrial VHF/UHF transmitters
• ___________________________________
Data content distribution and Internet trunking

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DVB-S2 Introduction
Modes of Operations

3 Modulation and Coding (MODCOD) schemes:

Constant Coding and Modulation (CCM)
Single MODCOD per carrier.
Variable Coding and Modulation (VCM)
Possible different ModCod for each input stream (not adaptive).
Adaptive Coding and Modulation (ACM)
Each frame can be transmitted using a different MODCOD,
regardless of its input stream.
MODCOD is selected according to reception conditions of the
receiving stations.
Supported in SkyEdgeII in v6.0.

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In fact ACM allows the recovery of the so-called “clear sky margin” (4 to 8 dB of power),
typically wasted in conventional “constant coding and modulation” satellite links, thus doubling
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or even tripling the average satellite throughput and reducing dramatically the service cost.
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DVB-S2 Introduction
The Benefits
Maximum availability – using robust MODCODs such as QPSK ¼ or QPSK 1/3
to achieve almost any availability goal.

BW Utilization – by taking advantage of “clear sky” situations we can increase

the Outbound effective bit rate when using efficient MODCODs such as 8PSK
9/10 (spectral efficiency of 2.679).

With ACM - Optimizing the transmission parameters for each individual user.
Dependant on path conditions
Under closed-loop control via a return satellite channel
MODCOD change on a frame-by-frame basis.

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DVB-S2 is so flexible that it can cope with any existing satellite transponder characteristics,
with a large variety of spectrum efficiencies and associated C/N requirements. Furthermore, it
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is not limited to MPEG-2 video and audio coding, but it is designed to handle a variety of
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advanced audio video formats which the DVB Project is currently defining. DVB-S2
accommodates any input stream format, including single or multiple MPEG Transport Streams,
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continuous bit-streams, IP as well as ATM packets.
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DVB-S2 Introduction
What is ACM all about?

With ACM, a set of MODCODs is used, dynamically selecting the best

MODCOD per user on a frame-by-frame basis
ACM allows the system to take advantage of the "clear sky" reception
condition to transmit at higher rates and to better serve those VSATs that
experience heavy rain fade.

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With DVB-S2 CCM, a single network-wide MODCOD is used, based on the worst case
location, weather and time.
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The total Outbound bit rate changes dynamically.
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Packets are Coded & Modulated depending on the link status of the destination VSAT.
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DVB-S2 Introduction
Frame lengths

A coded frame (FEC Frame) size:

Short Frames - 16200 bits (2KB) 16,200b

Reduces latency and jitter

Important for small networks/VoIP/Abis
We will use this one
Normal Frames - 64800 bits (8KB) 64,800b

For improved efficiency

Provides a gain of 0.3 to 0.5 dB over short frames

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The usage of short or normal frame length also depends on the Outbound symbol-rate.

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Legacy SkyEdge currently provides “DVB-S2 CCM”-like performance (8-PSK and Turbo coding
with Sencor modulators)
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DVB-S2 Introduction
Modulation Scheme

Constant Envelope
QPSK
8PSK
Amplitude & Phase:
16APSK
32APSK
(Currently not in use!)

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The 16APSK and 32APSK constellations have been optimized to operate over a non-linear

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transponder by placing the points on circles. Nevertheless their performances on a linear channel
are comparable with those of 16QAM and 32QAM respectively.
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DVB-S2 Introduction
FEC Coding Scheme

Advanced FEC algorithms to achieve excellent performance over satellite:

Concatenated outer code Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocqenghem BCH is introduced to
avoid error floors at low bit error rates (BER).
The inner code is Low Density Parity Check (LDPC),
Offers minimum distance from the Shannon limit.
Code rates of 1/4, 1/3, 2/5, 1/2, 3/5, 2/3, 3/4, 4/5, 5/6, 8/9 and 9/10
depending on the selected modulation and the system requirements.
Coding rates 1/4, 1/3 and 2/5 have been introduced to operate, in combination
with QPSK, under exceptionally poor link conditions,
The signal level is below the noise level.

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LDPC- Low Density Parity Check
BCH -Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocqenghem
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DVB-S2 Introduction
Possible MODCODs Selection

Only 8 Active MODCODS in SE II.

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DVB-S2 ACM
System Architecture

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ACM Architecture Overview

The SEII/DVB-S2 ACM system enable the use of:

Fast, bandwidth efficient MODCODS for VSATs that enjoy clear sky conditions.

Stronger more robust MODCODS for VSATs under rain fade (or other reasons
that degraded reception condition).

VSATs reports to the HSP their signal strength (C/N).

The data to the VSATs is sent in the proper MODCOD frame according to the
signal reception strength [dB] by the VSAT.

The system makes use of up to 8 different MODCODs (currently QPSK & 8-PSK)

The transmission to a single VSAT may use different MODCODs in continuous

manner thanks to the PLHeader “Armor-Piercing” coding (π/2 PSK).

The MODCOD used for each VSAT may dynamically change as a result of
changes in the VSAT reception quality (capability).

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System Architecture
General description

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The HSP will get C/N reports from the VSATs and will decide on the MODCOD for each
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VSAT by comparing the C/N value to a list of thresholds.
Once a change of MODCOD occurred for a VSAT the HSP will advertise this information to
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DPS’s and the NMS.
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System Architecture
MODCOD Control – Flow description

The SAT reports the C/N readings every one second.

The HSP receives the C/N information from the VSATs and decide on the
MODCOD for each VSAT.
The HSP holds MODCODs tables thresholds.
Once a change of MODCOD occurred for a VSAT the HSP will advertise this
information to the DPS’s (and the NMS).
The DPS sets the Hub MIR parameter.
The DPS controls the Allot QoS Server maximum bit rate according to flow-
control received from the IPE.
The DPS uses a TCP tunnel for all unicast Data.
The DPS stamps (mark) each packet according to the required MODCOD.
The DPS uses separate UDP tunnel for VoIP, Multicast and Abis:
The DPS marks each packet according to the required MODCOD.
Only the unicast Data from the DPS requires flow-control.

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MODCOD Algorithm
Flow Diagram

VSAT report
C/N Value every 1 sec

New
C/N value
Update C/N No Demands changes
Value in HSP table off current
MODCOD
?
yes
Update new C/N
Value in HSP table

HSP Send MODCOD change

in MC to DPS/NMS

DPS stamps new MODCOD DPS Stores new

in “option” field in MODCOD value
Packet IP header

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System Architecture
MODCOD Changes example

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ACM Architecture
Block & flow diagram

MODCOD
Advertising

MODCOD
MODCOD Advertising
Message

MODCOD
Message

Also in Note page 1717

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Test Your Knowledge

1. The BaseBand Frame (BBFrame) lengths are ?

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2. How does the VSAT reports it’s C/N value?
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3. How does the DPS controls the Allot BW?
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4. How does the IPE inform the DPS for available BW?
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5. How many active MODCODs are in the system?
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The End

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