5000 TOEFL Vocabulary List (1)

abandon
v. forsake, leave behind
v. leave someone who needs or counts on you; leave in the lurch

abandoned
a. free from constraint
a. forsaken by owner or inhabitants

abandonment
n. the voluntary surrender of property (or a right to property) without attempting to reclaim it or
give it away
n. the act of giving something up

abbreviate
v. shorten
v. reduce in scope while retaining essential elements

abbreviation
n. a shortened form of a word or phrase
n. shortening something by omitting parts of it

abide
v. put up with something or somebody unpleasant
v. dwell

abiding
a. unceasing

ability
n. possession of the qualities (especially mental qualities) required to do something or get something
done
n. the quality of being able to perform; a quality that permits or facilitates achievement or
accomplishment

ablaze
a. lighted up by or as by fire or flame
a. resembling flame in brilliance or color

abnormal
a. departing from the normal in e.g. intelligence and development
a. much greater than the normal

aboard
ad. part of a group
ad. on a ship, train, plane or other vehicle
abolish
v. do away with

abolition
n. the act of abolishing a system or practice or institution (especially abolishing slavery)

abolitionist
n. a reformer who favors abolishing slavery

abort
v. cease development, die, and be aborted
v. terminate a pregnancy by undergoing an abortion

abound
v. be abundant or plentiful; exist in large quantities
v. be in a state of movement or action

abrasion
n. an abraded area where the skin is torn or worn off
n. erosion by friction

abrasive
a. causing abrasion
n. a substance that abrades or wears down

abrupt
a. extremely steep
a. surprisingly and unceremoniously brusque in manner

absence
n. failure to be present
n. the state of being absent

absent
a. lost in thought; showing preoccupation
a. not being in a specified place

absentee
n. one that is absent or not in residence

absenteeism
n. habitual absence from work

absolute
a. expressing finality with no implication of possible change
a. perfect or complete or pure

absolutely
ad. totally and definitely; without question
ad. completely and without qualification; used informally as intensifiers

absorb
v. become imbued
v. cause to become one with

absorption
n. the mental state of being preoccupied by something
n. complete attention; intense mental effort

abstract
n. a concept or idea not associated with any specific instance
a. dealing with a subject in the abstract without practical purpose or intention

abstract
n. a concept or idea not associated with any specific instance
a. dealing with a subject in the abstract without practical purpose or intention

absurd
a. incongruous;inviting ridicule
a. inconsistent with reason or logic or common sense

abundance
n. (physics) the ratio of the number of atoms of a specific isotope of an element to the total number
of isotopes present
n. the property of a more than adequate quantity or supply

abundant
a. present in great quantity

abundantly
ad. in an abundant manner

abuse
n. a rude expression intended to offend or hurt
v. use wrongly or improperly or excessively

abut
v. lie adjacent to another or share a boundary

academic
a. marked by a narrow focus on or display of learning especially its trivial aspects
a. hypothetical or theoretical and not expected to produce an immediate or practical result

academician
n. a scholar who is skilled in academic disputation
n. an educator who works at a college or university
accelerate
v. cause to move faster
v. move faster

accelerated
a. speeded up, as of an academic course

accelerating
v. cause to move faster
v. move faster

acceleration
n. the act of accelerating; increasing the speed
n. (physics) a rate of increase of velocity

access
v. obtain or retrieve from a storage device; as of information on a computer
v. reach or gain access to

accessibility
n. the quality of being at hand when needed
n. the attribute of being easy to meet or deal with

accessible
a. easy to get along with or talk to; friendly
a. easily obtained

accessory
a. aiding and abetting in a crime
n. someone who helps another person commit a crime

accident
n. an unfortunate mishap; especially one causing damage or injury
n. anything that happens suddenly or by chance without an apparent cause

accidental
a. happening by chance or unexpectedly or unintentionally
n. a musical notation that makes a note sharp or flat or natural although that is not part of the key
signature

accidentally
ad. without intention; in an unintentional manner
ad. of a minor or subordinate nature

acclaim
v. praise vociferously
n. enthusiastic approval

accommodate
v. provide with something desired or needed
v. have room for; hold without crowding

accommodating
a. helpful in bringing about a harmonious adaptation
a. obliging; willing to do favors

accompaniment
n. a musical part (vocal or instrumental) that supports or provides background for other musical
parts
n. an event or situation that happens at the same time as or in connection with another

accompany
v. go or travel along with
v. be present or associated with an event or entity

accompanying
v. go or travel along with
v. be present or associated with an event or entity

accomplish
v. put in effect
v. to gain with effort

accomplished
a. settled securely and unconditionally
a. highly skilled

accomplishment
n. the action of accomplishing something
n. an ability that has been acquired by training

accordion
n. a portable box-shaped free-reed instrument; the reeds are made to vibrate by air from the bellows
controlled by the player

account
n. a short account of the news
n. importance or value

accountant
n. someone who maintains and audits business accounts

accounting
n. a short account of the news
n. importance or value

accredit
v. provide or send (envoys or embassadors) with official credentials
v. ascribe an achievement to

accumulate
v. get or gather together
v. collect or gather

accumulation
n. an increase by natural growth or addition
n. (finance) profits that are not paid out as dividends but are added to the capital base of the
corporation

accuracy
n. (mathematics) the number of significant figures given in a number
n. the quality of being near to the true value

accurate
a. (of ideas, images, representations, expressions) characterized by perfect conformity to fact or
truth ; strictly correct
a. conforming exactly or almost exactly to fact or to a standard or performing with total accuracy

accusation
n. an assertion that someone is guilty of a fault or offence
n. a formal charge of wrongdoing brought against a person; the act of imputing blame or guilt

accuse
v. bring an accusation against; level a charge against
v. blame for, make a claim of wrongdoing or misbehavior against

accustomed
a. commonly used or practiced; usual
a. (often followed by `to') in the habit of or adapted to

achieve
v. to gain with effort

achievement
n. the action of accomplishing something

acid
n. street name for lysergic acid diethylamide
n. any of various water-soluble compounds having a sour taste and capable of turning litmus red and
reacting with a base to form a salt

acidic
a. being or containing an acid; of a solution having an excess of hydrogen atoms (having a pH of
less than 7)
a. being sour to the taste
acidity
n. the taste experience when something acidic is taken into the mouth
n. pH values below 7

acquaint
v. cause to come to know personally
v. inform

acquaintance
n. a person with whom you are acquainted
n. personal knowledge or information about someone or something

acquainted
a. having fair knowledge of

acquire
v. win something through one's efforts
v. take on a certain form, attribute, or aspect

acquisition
n. the act of contracting or assuming or acquiring possession of something
n. an ability that has been acquired by training

acronym
n. a word formed from the initial letters of the several words in the name

activate
v. put in motion or move to act
v. make active or more active

actively
ad. in an active manner

actual
a. existing in act or fact
a. being or reflecting the essential or genuine character of something

actually
ad. as a sentence modifier to add slight emphasis
ad. in actual fact

actuate
v. put in motion or move to act
v. give an incentive for action

acumen
n. shrewdness shown by keen insight
n. a tapering point
acupuncture
n. treatment of pain or disease by inserting the tips of needles at specific points on the skin

acute
a. extremely sharp or intense
n. a mark (') placed above a vowel to indicate pronunciation

adapt
v. make fit for, or change to suit a new purpose
v. adapt or conform oneself to new or different conditions

adaptable
a. capable of adapting (of becoming or being made suitable) to a particular situation or use

adaptation
n. (physiology) the responsive adjustment of a sense organ (as the eye) to varying conditions (as of
light)
n. the process of adapting to something (such as environmental conditions)

adaptive
a. having a capacity for adaptation

addict
v. to cause (someone or oneself) to become dependent (on something, especially a narcotic drug)
n. someone who is physiologically dependent on a substance; abrupt deprivation of the substance
produces withdrawal symptoms

addict
v. to cause (someone or oneself) to become dependent (on something, especially a narcotic drug)
n. someone who is physiologically dependent on a substance; abrupt deprivation of the substance
produces withdrawal symptoms

addictive
a. causing or characterized by addiction

additional
a. further or added

additive
a. characterized or produced by addition
a. designating or involving an equation whose terms are of the first degree

adept
a. having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude
n. someone who is dazzlingly skilled in any field

adequate
a. having the requisite qualities or resources to meet a task
a. sufficient for the purpose
adhere
v. follow through or carry out a plan without deviation
v. stick to firmly

adhesive
n. a substance that unites or bonds surfaces together
a. tending to adhere

adhesive
n. a substance that unites or bonds surfaces together
a. tending to adhere

adjacent
a. having a common boundary or edge; abutting; touching
a. nearest in space or position; immediately adjoining without intervening space

adjoin
v. lie adjacent to another or share a boundary
v. be in direct physical contact with; make contact

adjunct
a. of or relating to a person who is subordinate to another
a. furnishing added support

adjust
v. place in a line or arrange so as to be parallel or straight
v. alter or regulate so as to achieve accuracy or conform to a standard

adjustment
n. an amount added or deducted on the basis of qualifying circumstances
n. the act of adjusting something to match a standard

administer
v. administer or bestow, as in small portions
v. give or apply (medications)

administration
n. the persons (or committees or departments etc.) who make up a body for the purpose of
administering something
n. the act of governing; exercising authority

administrative
a. of or relating to or responsible for administration

administrator
n. someone who manages a government agency or department
n. someone who administers a business

admiration
n. a feeling of delighted approval and liking
n. a favorable judgment

admire
v. feel admiration for
v. look at with admiration

admit
v. serve as a means of entrance
v. declare to be true or admit the existence or reality or truth of

admittedly
ad. as acknowledged

adobe
n. sun-dried brick; used in hot dry climates
n. the clay from which adobe bricks are made

adolescent
a. relating to or peculiar to or suggestive of an adolescent
a. displaying or suggesting a lack of maturity

adopt
v. put into dramatic form
v. choose and follow; as of theories, ideas, policies, strategies or plans

adoption
n. a legal proceeding that creates a parent-child relation between persons not related by blood; the
adopted child is entitled t...

adorn
v. be beautiful to look at
v. furnish with power or authority; of kings or emperors

adornment
n. the action of decorating yourself with something colorful and interesting
n. a decoration of color or interest that is added to relieve plainness

advance
v. develop further
n. an amount paid before it is earned

advanced
a. farther along in physical or mental development
a. far along in time

advancement
n. the act of moving forward (as toward a goal)
n. encouragement of the progress or growth or acceptance of something
advent
n. the season including the four Sundays preceding Christmas
n. arrival that has been awaited (especially of something momentous)

adventure
v. put at risk
n. a wild and exciting undertaking (not necessarily lawful)

adventurer
n. a person who enjoys taking risks
n. someone who travels into little known regions (especially for some scientific purpose)

adventurous
a. willing to undertake or seeking out new and daring enterprises

adverse
a. contrary to your interests or welfare
a. in an opposing direction

adversely
ad. in an adverse manner

adversity
n. a state of misfortune or affliction
n. a stroke of ill fortune; a calamitous event

advocate
v. push for something
v. speak, plead, or argue in favor of

advocate
v. push for something
v. speak, plead, or argue in favor of

aerodynamics
n. the branch of mechanics that deals with the motion of gases (especially air) and their effects on
bodies in the flow

aesthetic
a. concerning or characterized by an appreciation of beauty or good taste
a. relating to or dealing with the subject of aesthetics

affect
v. connect closely and often incriminatingly
v. have an effect upon

affected
a. being excited or provoked to the expression of an emotion
a. speaking or behaving in an artificial way to make an impression
affection
n. a positive feeling of liking

affectionate
a. having or displaying warmth or affection

affective
a. characterized by emotion

affiliate
n. a subordinate or subsidiary associate; a person who is affiliated with another or with an
organization
v. keep company with; hang out with

affinity
n. a close connection marked by community of interests or similarity in nature or character
n. (anthropology) kinship by marriage or adoption; not a blood relationship

affirm
v. to declare or affirm solemnly and formally as true
v. establish or strengthen as with new evidence or facts

afflict
v. cause great unhappiness for; distress
v. cause physical pain or suffering in

affliction
n. a cause of great suffering and distress
n. a state of great suffering and distress due to adversity

affluent
n. an affluent person; a person who is financially well off
n. a branch that flows into the main stream

afford
v. be able to spare or give up
v. be the cause or source of

affordable
a. that you have the financial means for

agenda
n. a temporally organized plan for matters to be attended to
n. a list of matters to be taken up (as at a meeting)

aggravate
v. make worse
v. exasperate or irritate
aggravating
a. making worse

aggregate
v. amount in the aggregate to
v. gather in a mass, sum, or whole

aggregation
n. the act of gathering something together
n. several things grouped together or considered as a whole

aggressive
a. having or showing determination and energetic pursuit of your ends
a. characteristic of an enemy or one eager to fight

aggressiveness
n. the quality of being bold and enterprising
n. a natural disposition to be hostile

agile
a. mentally quick
a. moving quickly and lightly

agility
n. the gracefulness of a person or animal that is quick and nimble

agitation
n. disturbance usually in protest
n. a state of agitation or turbulent change or development

agreeable
a. in keeping
a. conforming to your own liking or feelings or nature

agriculture
n. a large-scale farming enterprise
n. the practice of cultivating the land or raising stock

ailment
n. an often persistent bodily disorder or disease; a cause for complaining

aim
v. specifically design a product, event, or activity for a certain public
n. the goal intended to be attained (and which is believed to be attainable)

air
v. expose to cool or cold air so as to cool or freshen
v. broadcast over the airwaves, as in radio or television
airborne
a. moved or conveyed by or through air

aircraft
n. a vehicle that can fly

airsickness
n. motion sickness experienced while traveling by air (especially during turbulence)

ajar
a. slightly open

akin
a. similar in quality or character
a. related by blood

alchemy
n. a pseudoscientific forerunner of chemistry in medieval times
n. the way two individuals relate to each other

alder
n. north temperate shrubs or trees having toothed leaves and conelike fruit; bark is used in tanning
and dyeing and the wood is rot-resistant
n. wood of any of various alder trees; resistant to underwater rot; used for bridges etc

alert
a. engaged in or accustomed to close observation
a. mentally perceptive and responsive

alien
n. a form of life assumed to exist outside the Earth or its atmosphere
a. being or from or characteristic of another place or part of the world

alignment
n. the act of adjusting or aligning the parts of a device in relation to each other
n. an organization of people (or countries) involved in a pact or treaty

alike
a. having the same or similar characteristics
ad. equally

allegation
n. (law) a formal accusation against somebody (often in a court of law)
n. statements affirming or denying certain matters of fact that you are prepared to prove

allegory
n. an expressive style that uses fictional characters and events to describe some subject by
suggestive resemblances; an extended metaphor
n. a visible symbol representing an abstract idea
alliteration
n. use of the same consonant at the beginning of each stressed syllable in a line of verse

allocate
v. distribute according to a plan or set apart for a special purpose

alloy
n. a mixture containing two or more metallic elements or metallic and nonmetallic elements usually
fused together or dissolving into each other when molten
v. make an alloy of

alloy
n. a mixture containing two or more metallic elements or metallic and nonmetallic elements usually
fused together or dissolving into each other when molten
v. make an alloy of

allude
v. make a more or less disguised reference to

ally
v. become an ally or associate, as by a treaty or marriage
n. a friendly nation

aloft
ad. in the higher atmosphere above the earth
ad. at or on or to the masthead or upper rigging of a ship

alone
ad. without anybody else or anything else
ad. without any others being included or involved

aloof
ad. in an aloof manner
a. remote in manner

alter
v. cause to change; make different; cause a transformation
v. remove the ovaries of

alteration
n. the act of revising or altering (involving reconsideration and modification)
n. the act of making something different (as e.g. the size of a garment)

alternate
v. exchange people temporarily to fulfill certain jobs and functions
n. someone who takes the place of another person

alternate
v. exchange people temporarily to fulfill certain jobs and functions
n. someone who takes the place of another person

alternately
ad. in an alternating sequence or position

alternation
n. successive change from one thing or state to another and back again

alternative
a. serving or used in place of another
a. pertaining to unconventional choices

altitude
n. angular distance above the horizon (especially of a celestial object)
n. elevation especially above sea level or above the earth's surface

aluminum
n. a silvery ductile metallic element found primarily in bauxite

amateur
n. an athlete who does not play for pay
a. engaged in as a pastime

amateur
n. an athlete who does not play for pay
a. engaged in as a pastime

amaze
v. be a mystery or bewildering to
v. affect with wonder

amazement
n. the feeling that accompanies something extremely surprising

amazing
a. inspiring awe or admiration or wonder
a. surprising greatly

ambience
n. a particular environment or surrounding influence
n. the atmosphere of an environment

ambition
v. have as one's ambition
n. a cherished desire

ambitious
a. requiring full use of your abilities or resources
a. having a strong desire for success or achievement

ambivalence
n. mixed feelings or emotions

ambivalent
a. uncertain or unable to decide about what course to follow

amble
n. a leisurely walk (usually in some public place)
v. walk leisurely

amenable
a. disposed or willing to comply
a. open to being acted upon in a certain way

amend
v. to make better
v. set straight or right

amendment
n. the act of amending or correcting
n. a statement that is added to or revises or improves a proposal or document (a bill or constitution
etc.)

amenity
n. pleasantness resulting from agreeable conditions

amnesia
n. partial or total loss of memory

amount
v. develop into
n. the relative magnitude of something with reference to a criterion

ample
a. fairly large
a. more than enough in size or scope or capacity

amplification
n. addition of extra material or illustration or clarifying detail
n. (electronics) the act of increasing voltage or power or current

amplify
v. increase in size, volume or significance
v. to enlarge beyond bounds or the truth

analogous
a. similar or equivalent in some respects though otherwise dissimilar
a. corresponding in function but not in evolutionary origin

analogy
n. an inference that if things agree in some respects they probably agree in others
n. drawing a comparison in order to show a similarity in some respect

analysis
n. an investigation of the component parts of a whole and their relations in making up the whole
n. a form of literary criticism in which the structure of a piece of writing is analyzed

analyze
v. break down into components or essential features
v. make a mathematical, chemical, or grammatical analysis of; break down into components or
essential features

anarchist
n. an advocate of anarchism

anatomy
n. alternative names for the body of a human being
n. a detailed analysis

ancestor
n. someone from whom you are descended (but usually more remote than a grandparent)

ancestral
a. inherited or inheritable by established rules (usually legal rules) of descent
a. of or belonging to or inherited from an ancestor

ancestry
n. inherited properties shared with others of your bloodline
n. the descendants of one individual

anecdotal
a. having the character of an anecdote
a. characterized by or given to telling anecdotes

anecdote
n. short account of an incident (especially a biographical one)

anesthetic
n. a drug that causes temporary loss of bodily sensations
a. characterized by insensibility

angular
a. measured by an angle or by the rate of change of an angle
a. having angles or an angular shape
animate
a. belonging to the class of nouns that denote living beings
a. endowed with feeling and unstructured consciousness

animated
a. having life or vigor or spirit
a. made to appear to move as living creatures do

annex
v. take (territory) as if by conquest
v. attach to

annihilate
v. kill in large numbers

announce
v. make known; make an announcement
v. announce publicly or officially

announcement
n. a public statement containing information about an event that has happened or is going to happen
n. a formal public statement

announcer
n. reads news, commercials on radio or television
n. someone who proclaims a message publicly

annoy
v. cause annoyance in; disturb, especially by minor irritations

annoying
a. causing irritation or annoyance
n. the act of troubling or annoying someone

annual
a. completing its life cycle within a year
n. (botany) a plant that completes its entire life cycle within the space of a year

annually
ad. by the year; every year (usually with reference to a sum of money paid or received)
ad. without missing a year

anomaly
n. (astronomy) position of a planet as defined by its angular distance from its perihelion (as
observed from the sun)
n. deviation from the normal or common order or form or rule

anonymous
a. having no known name or identity or known source
a. not known or lacking marked individuality

antedate
v. be earlier in time; go back further
v. establish something as being earlier relative to something else

anthem
n. a song of praise (to God or to a saint or to a nation)
n. a song of devotion or loyalty (as to a nation or school)

anthology
n. a collection of selected literary passages

anthropology
n. the social science that studies the origins and social relationships of human beings

antibiotic
n. a chemical substance derivable from a mold or bacterium that can kill microorganisms and cure
bacterial infections
a. of or relating to antibiotic drugs

antibiotic
n. a chemical substance derivable from a mold or bacterium that can kill microorganisms and cure
bacterial infections
a. of or relating to antibiotic drugs

anticipate
v. realize beforehand
v. act in advance of; deal with ahead of time

anticipation
n. anticipating with confidence of fulfillment
n. something expected (as on the basis of a norm)

antiquate
v. make obsolete or old-fashioned
v. give an antique appearance to

antiquated
a. so extremely old as seeming to belong to an earlier period

antique
a. made in or typical of earlier times and valued for its age
n. any piece of furniture or decorative object or the like produced in a former period and valuable
because of its beauty or rarity

antique
a. made in or typical of earlier times and valued for its age
n. any piece of furniture or decorative object or the like produced in a former period and valuable
because of its beauty or rarity

antiquity
n. extreme oldness
n. an artifact surviving from the past

antiseptic
a. thoroughly clean and free of or destructive to disease-causing organisms
a. devoid of objectionable language

anxious
a. eagerly desirous
a. causing or fraught with or showing anxiety

apologize
v. defend, explain, clear away, or make excuses for by reasoning
v. acknowledge faults or shortcomings or failing

apology
n. a poor example
n. an expression of regret at having caused trouble for someone

appeal
v. cite as an authority; resort to
n. attractiveness that interests or pleases or stimulates

appealing
a. able to attract interest or draw favorable attention
a. (of characters in literature or drama) evoking empathic or sympathetic feelings

appetite
n. a feeling of craving something

applaud
v. express approval of
v. clap one's hands or shout after performances to indicate approval

appliance
n. a device or control that is very useful for a particular job
n. durable goods for home or office use

applicant
n. a person who requests or seeks something such as assistance or employment or admission

application
n. the work of applying something
n. the act of bringing something to bear; using it for a particular purpose
apply
v. be pertinent or relevant or applicable
v. avail oneself to

appoint
v. assign a duty, responsibility or obligation to
v. furnish

appointment
n. a meeting arranged in advance
n. the act of putting a person into a non-elective position

apportion
v. give out as one's portion or share
v. distribute according to a plan or set apart for a special purpose

appraisal
n. the classification of someone or something with respect to its worth
n. a document appraising the value of something (as for insurance or taxation)

appreciable
a. enough to be estimated or measured

appreciate
v. be fully aware of; realize fully
v. increase the value of

appreciation
n. an increase in price or value
n. a favorable judgment

apprentice
n. works for an expert to learn a trade
v. be or work as an apprentice

approach
n. a relatively short golf shot intended to put the ball onto the putting green
v. begin to deal with

approaching
n. the event of one object coming closer to another
n. the temporal property of becoming nearer in time

appropriate
v. give or assign a resource to a particular person or cause
a. suitable for a particular person or place or condition etc

appropriation
n. money set aside (as by a legislature) for a specific purpose
n. incorporation by joining or uniting

approval
n. acceptance as satisfactory
n. a feeling of liking something or someone good

approve
v. give sanction to
v. judge to be right or commendable; think well of

approximate
v. be close or similar
a. located close together

approximate
v. be close or similar
a. located close together

approximately
ad. (of quantities) imprecise but fairly close to correct

apt
a. (usually followed by `to') naturally disposed toward
a. being of striking appropriateness and pertinence

aptly
ad. with competence; in a competent capable manner

aquamarine
n. a transparent variety of beryl that is blue green in color
n. a shade of blue tinged with green

aquarium
n. a tank or pool or bowl filled with water for keeping live fish and underwater animals

aquatic
a. operating or living or growing in water
n. a plant that lives in or on water

arbitrary
a. based on or subject to individual discretion or preference or sometimes impulse or caprice

arboreal
a. of or relating to or formed by trees
a. inhabiting or frequenting trees

arc
n. something curved in shape
v. form an arch or curve

archaeological
a. related to or dealing with or devoted to archaeology

archaeology
n. the branch of anthropology that studies prehistoric people and their cultures

archipelago
n. a group of many islands in a large body of water

architect
n. someone who creates plans to be used in making something (such as buildings)

architectural
a. of or pertaining to the art and science of architecture

architecture
n. (computer science) the structure and organization of a computer's hardware or system software
n. the discipline dealing with the principles of design and construction and ornamentation of fine
buildings

ardent
a. glowing or shining like fire
a. characterized by strong enthusiasm

arduous
a. characterized by effort to the point of exhaustion; especially physical effort
a. difficult to accomplish; demanding considerable mental effort and skill

arena
n. the central area of an ancient Roman amphitheater where contests and spectacles were held;
especially an area that was strewn with sand
n. a playing field where sports events take place

aria
n. an elaborate song for solo voice

arid
a. lacking sufficient water or rainfall
a. lacking vitality or spirit; lifeless

arithmetic
a. relating to or involving arithmetic
n. the branch of pure mathematics dealing with the theory of numerical calculations

armor
v. equip with armor
n. a military unit consisting of armored fighting vehicles

armored
a. used of animals; provided with protective covering
a. equipped with the complete arms and armor of a warrior

armory
n. a place where arms are manufactured
n. a military structure where arms and ammunition and other military equipment are stored and
training is given in the use of arms

arms
n. weapons considered collectively
n. the official symbols of a family, state, etc.

aroma
n. any property detected by the olfactory system
n. a distinctive odor that is pleasant

aromatic
a. having a strong pleasant odor
a. (chemistry) of or relating to or containing one or more benzene rings

arouse
v. call forth (emotions, feelings, and responses)
v. cause to be alert and energetic

arrange
v. adapt for performance in a different way
v. put into a proper or systematic order

arrangement
n. the thing arranged or agreed to
n. a piece of music that has been adapted for performance by a particular set of voices or
instruments

array
n. an orderly arrangement
n. an impressive display

arsenal
n. a place where arms are manufactured
n. all the weapons and equipment that a country has

artery
n. a major thoroughfare that bears important traffic
n. a blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the body
arthritis
n. inflammation of a joint or joints

article
v. bind by a contract; especially for a training period
n. one of a class of artifacts

articulate
v. speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way
a. consisting of segments held together by joints

articulate
v. speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way
a. consisting of segments held together by joints

artificial
a. not arising from natural growth or characterized by vital processes
a. contrived by art rather than nature

artisan
n. a skilled worker who practices some trade or handicraft

ascend
v. become king or queen
v. come up, of celestial bodies

ascending
n. the act of changing location in an upward direction
a. moving or going or growing upward

ascent
n. a movement upward
n. an upward slope or grade (as in a road)

ascribe
v. attribute or credit to

aspect
n. a distinct feature or element in a problem
n. the feelings expressed on a person's face

asphyxiate
v. impair the respiration of or obstruct the air passage of
v. deprive of oxygen and prevent from breathing

aspiration
n. a will to succeed
n. a cherished desire
aspiring
a. desiring or striving for recognition or advancement

assault
n. a threatened or attempted physical attack by someone who appears to be able to cause bodily
harm if not stopped
v. force (someone) to have sex against their will

assemblage
n. the social act of assembling
n. a system of components assembled together for a particular purpose

assemble
v. get people together
v. create by putting components or members together

assembly
n. a public facility to meet for open discussion
n. a unit consisting of components that have been fitted together

assert
v. assert to be true
v. state categorically

assess
v. evaluate or estimate the nature, quality, ability, extent, or significance of
v. charge (a person or a property) with a payment, such as a tax or a fine

assessment
n. the classification of someone or something with respect to its worth
n. an amount determined as payable

asset
n. a useful or valuable quality

assignment
n. (law) a transfer of property by deed of conveyance
n. the act of putting a person into a non-elective position

assimilate
v. make similar
v. take up mentally

assist
v. give help or assistance; be of service
v. work for or be a servant to

assistance
n. a resource
n. the activity of contributing to the fulfillment of a need or furtherance of an effort or purpose

assistant
a. of or relating to a person who is subordinate to another
n. a person who contributes to the fulfillment of a need or furtherance of an effort or purpose

associate
v. keep company with; hang out with
n. a friend who is frequently in the company of another

association
n. a formal organization of people or groups of people
n. a social or business relationship

assorted
a. consisting of a haphazard assortment of different kinds
a. of many different kinds purposefully arranged but lacking any uniformity

assortment
n. the act of distributing things into classes or categories of the same type
n. a collection containing a variety of sorts of things

assume
v. occupy or take on
v. take to be the case or to be true; accept without verification or proof

assumption
n. (Christianity) the taking up of the body and soul of the Virgin Mary when her earthly life had
ended
n. a statement that is assumed to be true and from which a conclusion can be drawn

assure
v. assure somebody of the truth of something with the intention of giving the listener confidence
v. make certain of

assuredly
ad. without a doubt

astonish
v. affect with wonder

astonished
v. affect with wonder

astonishing
a. surprising greatly
a. so surprisingly impressive as to stun or overwhelm
astound
v. affect with wonder

astounding
a. so surprisingly impressive as to stun or overwhelm
a. bewildering or striking dumb with wonder

astronomer
n. a physicist who studies astronomy

astronomical
a. relating or belonging to the science of astronomy
a. inconceivably large

astronomy
n. the branch of physics that studies celestial bodies and the universe as a whole

astute
a. marked by practical hardheaded intelligence

asymmetrical
a. irregular in shape or outline
a. characterized by asymmetry in the spatial arrangement or placement of parts or components

atheist
n. someone who denies the existence of god
a. related to or characterized by or given to atheism

athlete
n. a person trained to compete in sports

atmosphere
n. the mass of air surrounding the Earth
n. a distinctive but intangible quality surrounding a person or thing

atom
n. (physics and chemistry) the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of
the element
n. (nontechnical usage) a tiny piece of anything

atomic
a. of or relating to or comprising atoms
a. (weapons) deriving destructive energy from the release of atomic energy

atomization
n. annihilation by reducing something to atoms
n. separating something into fine particles

atrophy
n. a decrease in size of an organ caused by disease or disuse
n. any weakening or degeneration (especially through lack of use)

attach
v. create social or emotional ties
v. take temporary possession of as a security, by legal authority

attached
a. used of buildings joined by common sidewalls
a. being joined in close association

attachment
n. a feeling of affection for a person or an institution
n. a connection that fastens things together

attack
n. a sudden occurrence of an uncontrollable condition
v. attack someone physically or emotionally

attain
v. reach a destination, either real or abstract
v. reach a point in time, or a certain state or level

attainment
n. an ability that has been acquired by training
n. arrival at a new stage

attempt
v. make an effort or attempt
n. earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something

attend
v. take charge of or deal with
v. give heed (to)

attendance
n. the act of being present (at a meeting or event etc.)
n. the frequency with which a person is present

attendant
a. being present (at meeting or event etc.)
a. following or accompanying as a consequence

attendant
a. being present (at meeting or event etc.)
a. following or accompanying as a consequence

attention
n. the faculty or power of mental concentration
n. a motionless erect stance with arms at the sides and feet together; assumed by military personnel
during drill or review

attire
n. clothing of a distinctive style or for a particular occasion
v. put on special clothes to appear particularly appealing and attractive

attorney
n. a professional person authorized to practice law; conducts lawsuits or gives legal advice

attract
v. direct toward itself or oneself by means of some psychological power or physical attributes
v. be attractive to

attraction
n. an entertainment that is offered to the public
n. the quality of arousing interest; being attractive or something that attracts

attractive
a. having the properties of a magnet; the ability to draw or pull
a. having power to arouse interest

attribute
v. attribute or credit to
v. decide as to where something belongs in a scheme

attribute
v. attribute or credit to
v. decide as to where something belongs in a scheme

audible
a. heard or perceptible by the ear
n. a football play is changed orally after both teams have assumed their positions at the line of
scrimmage

audience
n. an opportunity to state your case and be heard
n. a gathering of spectators or listeners at a (usually public) performance

audit
v. attend academic courses without getting credit
n. an inspection of the accounting procedures and records by a trained accountant or CPA

audit
v. attend academic courses without getting credit
n. an inspection of the accounting procedures and records by a trained accountant or CPA

audition
v. perform in order to get a role
n. the ability to hear; the auditory faculty

auditorium
n. the area of a theater or concert hall where the audience sits

auger
n. hand tool for boring holes
n. a long flexible steel coil for dislodging stoppages in curved pipes

augment
v. grow or intensify
v. enlarge or increase

aurora
n. the first light of day
n. an atmospheric phenomenon consisting of bands of light caused by charged solar particles
following the earth's magnetic lines of force

authentic
a. not counterfeit or copied
a. conforming to fact and therefore worthy of belief

authenticate
v. establish the authenticity of something

authority
n. freedom from doubt; belief in yourself and your abilities
n. an authoritative written work

authorize
v. give or delegate power or authority to
v. grant authorization or clearance for

autobiographical
a. relating to or in the style of an autobiography
a. of or relating to or characteristic of an autobiographer

autobiography
n. a biography of yourself

automated
a. operated by automation

automatic
a. resembling the unthinking functioning of a machine
n. a pistol that will keep firing until the ammunition is gone or the trigger is released

automotive
a. of or relating to motor vehicles
a. containing within itself the means of propulsion or movement

autonomous
a. (of political bodies) not controlled by outside forces
a. (of persons) free from external control and constraint in e.g. action and judgment

autonomy
n. personal independence
n. immunity from arbitrary exercise of authority: political independence

auxiliary
a. furnishing added support
a. functioning in a supporting capacity

available
a. obtainable or accessible and ready for use or service
a. convenient for use or disposal

avalanche
n. a slide of large masses of snow and ice and mud down a mountain
v. gather into a huge mass and roll down a mountain, of snow

avant-garde
n. any creative group active in the innovation and application of new concepts and techniques in a
given field (especially in the arts)
a. radically new or original

avenue
n. a line of approach
n. a wide street or thoroughfare

average
a. relating to or constituting the middle value of an ordered set of values (or the average of the
middle two in a set with an even number of values)
a. around the middle of a scale of evaluation

averse
a. (usually followed by `to') strongly opposed

aversion
n. a feeling of intense dislike
n. the act of turning yourself (or your gaze) away

avert
v. prevent the occurrence of; prevent from happening
v. turn away or aside

aviation
n. the art of operating aircraft
n. the operation of aircraft to provide transportation

aviator
n. someone who operates an aircraft

avid
a. marked by active interest and enthusiasm
a. (often followed by `for') ardently or excessively desirous

avocation
n. an auxiliary activity

avocation
n. an auxiliary activity

avoid
v. prevent the occurrence of; prevent from happening
v. stay clear from; keep away from; keep out of the way of someone or something

avoidance
n. deliberately avoiding; keeping away from or preventing from happening

awareness
n. state of elementary or undifferentiated consciousness
n. having knowledge of

awkward
a. lacking grace or skill in manner or movement or performance
a. socially uncomfortable; unsure and constrained in manner

awkwardly
ad. in an awkward manner

axis
n. the main stem or central part about which plant organs or plant parts such as branches are
arranged
n. a straight line through a body or figure that satisfies certain conditions

baboon
n. large terrestrial monkeys having doglike muzzles

baby-sitter
n. a person engaged to care for children when the parents are not home
n. a person engaged to care for children when the parents are not home

bachelor
n. a knight of the lowest order; could display only a pennon
n. a man who has never been married
backbone
n. the part of a network that connects other networks together
n. the series of vertebrae forming the axis of the skeleton and protecting the spinal cord

backdrop
n. scenery hung at back of stage

baggage
n. the portable equipment and supplies of an army
n. cases used to carry belongings when traveling

balance
v. hold or carry in equilibrium
n. the difference between the totals of the credit and debit sides of an account

balanced
a. being in a state of proper equilibrium

bald
a. lacking hair on all or most of the scalp
a. without the natural or usual covering

ballet
n. music written for a ballet
n. a theatrical representation of a story that is performed to music by trained dancers

balloon
n. large tough nonrigid bag filled with gas or heated air
n. small thin inflatable rubber bag with narrow neck

balloonist
n. someone who flies a balloon

balmy
a. mild and pleasant
a. informal or slang terms for mentally irregular

ban
n. a bachelor's degree in nursing
v. prohibit especially by legal means or social pressure

band
n. a cord-like tissue connecting two larger parts of an anatomical structure
n. a thin flat strip or loop of flexible material that goes around or over something else, typically to
hold it together or as a decoration

bandanna
n. large and brightly colored handkerchief; often used as a neckerchief
bandleader
n. the leader of a dance band

bandmaster
n. the conductor of a band

bang
v. close violently
v. strike violently

banker
n. a financier who owns or is an executive in a bank
n. the person in charge of the bank in a gambling game

bankrupt
n. someone who has insufficient assets to cover their debts
a. financially ruined

bankrupt
n. someone who has insufficient assets to cover their debts
a. financially ruined

bankruptcy
n. a legal process intended to insure equality among the creditors of a corporation declared to be
insolvent
n. a state of complete lack of some abstract property

banner
n. any distinctive flag
n. a newspaper headline that runs across the full page

banquet
v. provide a feast or banquet for
n. a ceremonial dinner party for many people

bar
v. expel, as if by official decree
n. a portable .30 caliber automatic rifle operated by gas pressure and fed by cartridges from a
magazine; used by United States troops in World War I and in World War II and in the Korean War

barb
v. provide with barbs
n. the pointed part of barbed wire

barbecue
v. cook outdoors on a barbecue grill
n. a rack to hold meat for cooking over hot charcoal usually out of doors

barber
v. perform the services of a barber: cut the hair and/or beard of
n. United States composer (1910-1981)

bare
a. completely unclothed
a. lacking embellishment or ornamentation

barely
ad. in a sparse or scanty way
ad. only a very short time before

barge
n. a flatbottom boat for carrying heavy loads (especially on canals)
v. transport by barge on a body of water

bark
v. speak in an unfriendly tone
v. tan (a skin) with bark tannins

bark
v. speak in an unfriendly tone
v. tan (a skin) with bark tannins

barn
n. an outlying farm building for storing grain or animal feed and housing farm animals
n. (physics) a unit of nuclear cross section; the effective circular area that one particle presents to
another as a target for an encounter

baroque
n. the historic period from about 1600 until 1750 when the baroque style of art, architecture, and
music flourished in Europe
n. elaborate and extensive ornamentation in decorative art and architecture that flourished in Europe
in the 17th century

barrel
n. a tube through which a bullet travels when a gun is fired
n. any of various units of capacity

barren
a. completely wanting or lacking
a. not bearing offspring

barrenness
n. the state (usually of a woman) of having no children or being unable to have children
n. the quality of yielding nothing of value

barrier
n. a structure or object that impedes free movement
n. any condition that makes it difficult to make progress or to achieve an objective
barter
n. an equal exchange
v. exchange goods without involving money

basement
n. the lowermost portion of a structure partly or wholly below ground level; often used for storage
n. the ground floor facade or interior in Renaissance architecture

basin
n. a natural depression in the surface of the land often with a lake at the bottom of it
n. a bathroom sink that is permanently installed and connected to a water supply and drainpipe;
where you can wash your hands and face

bead
v. form into beads, as of water or sweat, for example
v. decorate by sewing beads onto

beaded
a. covered with beads of liquid

beak
n. informal terms for the nose
n. horny projecting mouth of a bird

beam
n. (nautical) breadth amidships
n. a signal transmitted along a narrow path; guides airplane pilots in darkness or bad weather

bean
n. any of various edible seeds of plants of the family Leguminosae used for food
n. any of various seeds or fruits that are beans or resemble beans

bear
v. have rightfully; of rights, titles, and offices
v. put up with something or somebody unpleasant

beard
n. hairy growth on or near the face of certain mammals
n. tuft of strong filaments by which e.g. a mussel makes itself fast to a fixed surface

beat
n. a single pulsation of an oscillation produced by adding two waves of different frequencies; has a
frequency equal to the difference between the two oscillations
v. move with a flapping motion

bedrock
n. solid unweathered rock lying beneath surface deposits of soil
n. principles from which other truths can be derived
behalf
n. as the agent of or on someone's part (usually expressed as
n. for someone's benefit (usually expressed as `in behalf' rather than `on behalf' and usually with a
possessive)

behave
v. behave in a certain manner
v. behave well or properly

behavior
n. (behavioral attributes) the way a person behaves toward other people
n. manner of acting or controlling yourself

beleaguer
v. annoy persistently
v. surround so as to force to give up

belie
v. represent falsely
v. be in contradiction with

bellows
n. a mechanical device that blows a strong current of air; used to make a fire burn more fiercely or
to sound a musical instrument

below
ad. further down
ad. (in writing) see below

beneath
ad. in or to a place that is lower

beneficial
a. promoting or enhancing well-being

benefit
n. financial assistance in time of need
n. a performance to raise money for a charitable cause

benign
a. kindness of disposition or manner
a. pleasant and beneficial in nature or influence

bequest
n. (law) a gift of personal property by will

besides
ad. in addition
ad. making an additional point; anyway
besiege
v. harass, as with questions or requests
v. surround so as to force to give up

bestow
v. bestow a quality on
v. give as a gift

betray
v. reveal unintentionally
v. give away information about somebody

beverage
n. any liquid suitable for drinking

bias
a. slanting diagonally across the grain of a fabric
n. a line or cut across a fabric that is not at right angles to a side of the fabric

bicameral
a. composed of two legislative bodies
a. consisting of two chambers

bilateral
a. having two sides or parts
a. affecting or undertaken by two parties

bill
n. the entertainment offered at a public presentation
v. advertise especially by posters or placards

billion
n. the number that is represented as a one followed by 9 zeros
a. denoting a quantity consisting of one million million items or units in Great Britain

biographer
n. someone who writes an account of a person's life

biography
n. an account of the series of events making up a person's life

biologist
n. (biology) a scientist who studies living organisms

bison
n. any of several large humped bovids having shaggy manes and large heads and short horns

bitter
n. the property of having a harsh unpleasant taste
ad. extremely and sharply

bitterness
n. a feeling of deep and bitter anger and ill-will
n. the property of having a harsh unpleasant taste

bizarre
a. conspicuously or grossly unconventional or unusual

blacksmith
n. a smith who forges and shapes iron with a hammer and anvil

blame
v. harass with constant criticism
v. put or pin the blame on

bland
a. lacking taste or flavor or tang
a. smoothly agreeable and courteous with a degree of sophistication

blanket
v. form a blanket-like cover (over)
n. bedding that keeps a person warm in bed

blast
v. make with or as if with an explosion
n. a very long fly ball

blaze
v. burn brightly and intensely
v. indicate by marking trees with blazes

blaze
v. burn brightly and intensely
v. indicate by marking trees with blazes

blazing
a. shining intensely
a. without any attempt at concealment; completely obvious

bleach
n. the act of whitening something by bleaching it (exposing it to sunlight or using a chemical
bleaching agent)
n. an agent that makes things white or colorless

bleak
a. offering little or no hope
a. unpleasantly cold and damp
blemish
v. mar or spoil the appearance of
n. a mark or flaw that spoils the appearance of something (especially on a person's body)

blend
n. the act of blending components together thoroughly
n. an occurrence of thorough mixing

blessing
n. the formal act of approving
n. a ceremonial prayer invoking divine protection

blight
n. any plant disease resulting in withering without rotting
n. a state or condition being blighted

blink
v. gleam or glow intermittently
v. briefly shut the eyes

blizzard
n. a storm with widespread snowfall accompanied by strong winds
n. a series of unexpected and unpleasant occurrences

block
v. shape into a block or blocks
n. housing in a large building that is divided into separate units

bloom
n. the period of greatest prosperity or productivity
n. the best time of youth

blossom
v. develop or come to a promising stage
n. the period of greatest prosperity or productivity

blues
n. a state of depression
n. a type of folksong that originated among Black Americans at the beginning of the 20th century;
has a melancholy sound from repeated use of blue notes

bluff
a. bluntly direct and outspoken but good-natured
n. pretense that your position is stronger than it really is

bluff
a. bluntly direct and outspoken but good-natured
n. pretense that your position is stronger than it really is
blunt
v. make numb or insensitive
a. used of a knife or other blade; not sharp

blush
v. become rosy or reddish
v. turn red, as if in embarrassment or shame

board
n. a flat piece of material designed for a special purpose
n. a flat portable surface (usually rectangular) designed for board games

boardinghouse
n. a private house that provides accommodations and meals for paying guests

boast
v. show off
v. wear or display in an ostentatious or proud manner

boastful
a. exhibiting self-importance

bold
a. clear and distinct
n. a typeface with thick heavy lines

bolster
v. support and strengthen
v. prop up with a pillow or bolster

bolster
v. support and strengthen
v. prop up with a pillow or bolster

bonanza
n. a sudden happening that brings good fortune (as a sudden opportunity to make money)
n. an especially rich vein of precious ore

bond
n. a connection based on kinship or marriage or common interest
n. a connection that fastens things together

boom
v. make a deep hollow sound
v. hit hard

boon
n. a desirable state
a. very close and convivial
boost
v. increase or raise
v. increase

bore
v. make a hole, especially with a pointed power or hand tool
n. a high wave (often dangerous) caused by tidal flow (as by colliding tidal currents or in a narrow
estuary)

boredom
n. the feeling of being bored by something tedious

boring
a. so lacking in interest as to cause mental weariness
n. the act of drilling a hole in the earth in the hope of producing petroleum

boulder
n. a large smooth mass of rock detached from its place of origin
n. a town in north central Colorado; Rocky Mountains resort center and university town

bounce
v. move up and down repeatedly
n. a light, self-propelled movement upwards or forwards

bound
n. a line determining the limits of an area
a. confined in the bowels

boundary
n. a line determining the limits of an area
n. the greatest possible degree of something

boundless
a. seemingly boundless in amount, number, degree, or especially extent

bouquet
n. a pleasingly sweet olfactory property
n. an arrangement of flowers that is usually given as a present

bow
v. yield to another's wish or opinion
v. bend one's knee or body, or lower one's head

bowl
n. a large structure for open-air sports or entertainments
v. hurl a cricket ball from one end of the pitch towards the batsman at the other end

bowlegged
a. have legs that curve outward at the knees
braid
v. make by braiding or interlacing
v. form or weave into a braid or braids

brain
n. that which is responsible for one's thoughts and feelings; the seat of the faculty of reason
v. kill by smashing someone's skull

brawl
n. a noisy fight in a crowd
n. an uproarious party

breach
n. an opening (especially a gap in a dike or fortification)
n. a failure to perform some promised act or obligation

breach
n. an opening (especially a gap in a dike or fortification)
n. a failure to perform some promised act or obligation

breakup
v. laugh unrestrainedly
v. cause to go into a solution

breath
n. the process of taking in and expelling air during breathing
n. a slight movement of the air

breathe
v. impart as if by breathing
v. expel (gases or odors)

breathing
a. passing or able to pass air in and out of the lungs normally; sometimes used in combination
n. the bodily process of inhalation and exhalation; the process of taking in oxygen from inhaled air
and releasing carbon dioxide by exhalation

breathless
a. tending to cause suspension of regular breathing
a. appearing dead; not breathing or having no perceptible pulse

breathtaking
a. tending to cause suspension of regular breathing

breed
n. a special variety of domesticated animals within a species
v. copulate with a female, used especially of horses

breeze
v. to proceed quickly and easily
n. any undertaking that is easy to do

brighten
v. become clear
v. make lighter or brighter

brilliance
n. a light within the field of vision that is brighter than the brightness to which the eyes are adapted
n. unusual mental ability

brilliantly
ad. in an extremely intelligent way
ad. with brightness

brim
v. be completely full
n. the top edge of a vessel or other container

briny
n. any very large body of (salt) water
a. slightly salty (especially from containing a mixture of seawater and fresh water)

brisk
a. very active
a. imparting vitality and energy

briskness
n. liveliness and eagerness

brittle
n. caramelized sugar cooled in thin sheets
a. having little elasticity; hence easily cracked or fractured or snapped

broadcast
n. message that is transmitted by radio or television
v. broadcast over the airwaves, as in radio or television

broaden
v. extend in scope or range or area
v. become broader

brochure
n. a small book usually having a paper cover

bronze
v. give the color and appearance of bronze to something
n. an alloy of copper and tin and sometimes other elements; also any copper-base alloy containing
other elements in place of tin
brook
v. put up with something or somebody unpleasant
n. a natural stream of water smaller than a river (and often a tributary of a river)

brown
n. Scottish botanist who first observed the movement of small particles in fluids now known a
Brownian motion (1773-1858)
n. abolitionist who was hanged after leading an unsuccessful raid at Harper's Ferry, Virginia (1800-
1859)

brownish
a. of a color similar to that of wood or earth

bubble
v. rise in bubbles or as if in bubbles
v. flow in an irregular current with a bubbling noise

buckle
v. bend out of shape, as under pressure or from heat
n. fastener that fastens together two ends of a belt or strap; often has loose prong

bud
v. develop buds
n. a swelling on a plant stem consisting of overlapping immature leaves or petals

buddy
n. a close friend who accompanies his buddies in their activities

budget
n. a summary of intended expenditures along with proposals for how to meet them
v. make a budget

buggy
a. informal or slang terms for mentally irregular
a. infested with bugs

bulb
n. lower or hindmost part of the brain; continuous with spinal cord; (`bulb' is an old term for
medulla oblongata)
n. elect...

bulk
n. the property resulting from being or relating to the greater in number of two parts; the main part
v. cause to bulge or swell outwards

bulky
a. of large size for its weight

bump
v. come upon, as if by accident; meet with
v. assign to a lower position; reduce in rank

bunch
n. any collection in its entirety
v. form into a bunch

bundle
n. a package of several things tied together for carrying or storing
v. compress into a wad

bundle
n. a package of several things tied together for carrying or storing
v. compress into a wad

burdensome
a. not easily borne; wearing

burgeon
v. grow and flourish

burning
a. of immediate import
n. a process in which a substance reacts with oxygen to give heat and light

burrow
v. move through by or as by digging
n. a hole made by an animal, usually for shelter

bush
n. hair growing in the pubic area
n. vice president under Reagan and 41st President of the United States (born in 1924)

bust
v. break open or apart suddenly and forcefully
n. a complete failure

bustle
v. move or cause to move energetically or busily
n. a rapid active commotion

butter
n. an edible emulsion of fat globules made by churning milk or cream; for cooking and table use
n. a fighter who strikes the opponent with his head

butterfly
n. diurnal insect typically having a slender body with knobbed antennae and broad colorful wings
v. talk or behave amorously, without serious intentions
buzz
n. sound of rapid vibration
n. a confusion of activity and gossip

buzzer
n. a signaling device that makes a buzzing sound
n. a push button at an outer door that gives a ringing or buzzing signal when pushed

bypass
v. avoid something unpleasant or laborious
n. a highway that encircles an urban area so that traffic does not have to pass through the center

by-product
n. a product made during the manufacture of something else
n. a secondary and sometimes unexpected consequence