Math 20-1 Unit 1 Trigonometry Name: _______________________

Unit 1 - Trigonometry
1.1 - Math 10C Review

SOH CAH TOA is an acronym widely used to represent the primary trigonometric ratios
within a ___________________________.

sinθ =

cosθ =

tanθ =

● Hypotenuse:
● Opposite:
● Adjacent:

Example 1: Find the exact values of the primary trigonometric ratios sin(J), cos(J), and tan(J)

Example 2: What trigonometric ratio would you use?

GARCIA
Math 20-1 Unit 1 Trigonometry Name: _______________________

Example 3: Determine the unknown side length, to the nearest tenth

Example 4: Solve the triangle, to the nearest tenth if necessary

Example 5: Word Problem

A 12 ft ladder is leaning against the side of a building. The bottom of the ladder is 5 ft from the
bottom of the building. Calculate the angle of elevation of the ladder AND the height that the
ladder reaches on the side of the building, to the nearest hundredth if necessary.

GARCIA
Math 20-1 Unit 1 Trigonometry Name: _______________________

1.2 - Angles in Standard Position

Angles in Standard Position

You can generate an angle on a Cartesian plane, anywhere from 0o to 360o in the following
manner.

An angle in standard position has the following:

● Initial arm: the starting position of the angle that is along the positive x-axis
● Terminal arm: the final position of the angle after a rotation about the origin.

Quadrant
Cartesian Plane has 4 quadrants

GARCIA
Math 20-1 Unit 1 Trigonometry Name: _______________________

Example #1
Sketch each angle in standard position. State the quadrant in which the terminal arm lies.
a) 36o b) 150o

c) 210o d) 305o

Reference Angle
The reference angle is the acute angle formed between the terminal arm and the
x-axis

Example:
For angle 230o, the reference angle is 50o For the angle 300o, the reference angle is 60o

GARCIA
Math 20-1 Unit 1 Trigonometry Name: _______________________

Example #2
Draw each θ, and determine the reference angle
a) θ = 75o b) θ = 240o c) θ = 280o

Example #3
Determine the measure of the three other angles in standard position,
0∘ < θ < 360∘ , that have a reference angle of 15∘ .

Example #4
a) Sketch a diagram to show a reference angle of 77o in each of
quadrants one to four.
b) State the measure of the angle in each quadrant.

Homework: p. 83 # 2, 3, 4, 5, 7

GARCIA
Math 20-1 Unit 1 Trigonometry Name: _______________________

1.3 - Trigonometric Ratios of Any Angle

Review - Pythagorean Theorem

Answer to the nearest tenth, if necessary.

Trigonometry Review - Find θ

SOH CAH TOA 

Last year, you learned how to apply trigonometry where 0∘ < θ < 90∘
Today, you will learn how to apply trigonometry where 0∘ < θ < 360∘

Trigonometry of any angle in standard position

GARCIA
Math 20-1 Unit 1 Trigonometry Name: _______________________

Example #1
The point (15, 8) lies on the terminal arm of any angle θ
a) Draw the angle and the point in standard position

b) Determine the length of the point to the origin

c) Find the exact trigonometric ratios for sinθ, cosθ, tanθ

Example #2
The point P (− 5, 12) lies on the terminal arm of an angle θ. Determine the exact trigonometric
ratios for sinθ, cosθ , and tanθ .
*Hint: Draw the terminal arm, point, and triangle first!

SOH CAH TOA in Cartesian Plane

For Trigonometry in Cartesian Plane (angle in standard position), the following rules apply:
● r (hypotenuse) is ALWAYS POSITIVE for all quadrants
● x is negative when the terminal arm is in quadrant 2 and 3
● y is negative when the terminal arm is in quadrant 3 and 4

Exact Values
● Exact values can be the following:
○ Fraction (both positive and negative)
○ Integer
● Exact value can NEVER be a non-repeating decimal!
○ So, when you are asked to answer in exact values, DO NOT PUT THE 
ANSWER IN A DECIMAL

GARCIA
Math 20-1 Unit 1 Trigonometry Name: _______________________

Example #3
The point P (− 5, − 6) lies on the terminal arm of an angle θ. Determine the exact trigonometric
ratios sinθ , cosθ , and tanθ . USE EXACT VALUES

Example #4
Suppose θ is an angle in standard position with terminal arm in quadrant 3 and cosθ = − 43 .
What are the exact values of sinθ and tanθ ?

First Step: Draw the terminal arms using the ratio cosθ = A = − 3
H 4
Remember, H is always positive, so A = -3

Example #5
Angle A terminates in the third quadrant with sinA = − 54 . Determine the exact values of cosA
and tanA .

Homework:
Textbook - p. 96 # 3, 5, 8

GARCIA
Math 20-1 Unit 1 Trigonometry Name: _______________________

1.4 - CAST Rule

Investigation
Have you noticed that some trigonometric ratios are positive and some ratios are negative?
● There is a pattern…
○ In quadrant 1:
○ In quadrant 2:
○ In quadrant 3:
○ In quadrant 4:

CAST Rule
The pattern can be summarized as CAST rule, which indicates which ratios are positive!
Keep in mind that in CAST rule, C starts in quadrant 4!

Example #1
Without using a calculator, state whether each ratio is negative or positive
a) sin 125∘ b) sin 330∘

c) cos 210∘ d) cos 190∘

e) tan 75∘

GARCIA
Math 20-1 Unit 1 Trigonometry Name: _______________________

Example #2
State the quadrant that the terminal arm is in
a) sin θ is negative and cos θ is negative

b) tan θ < 0 and sin θ > 0

Example #3
If tan θ = − 32 and cos θ is positive, then find the exact value of sin θ
STEP 1: Draw two possible positions of the angle.
STEP 2: Use CAST rule to eliminate one possibility.

Example #4
If tanA = 51 and sinA < 0 , determine the exact value of sinA and cosA

Example #5
Round to 4 decimal places
a) sin 25∘ b) sin 205∘

c) sin 155∘ d) sin 335∘

Homework:
Textbook - p. 96 # 4, 7, 16
Workbook - p. 162 # 5, 6, 8

GARCIA
Math 20-1 Unit 1 Trigonometry Name: _______________________

1.5 - Find the Angles Given the Ratio

Recall
a) sin 25∘ b) sin 205∘

c) sin 155∘ d) sin 335∘

Application of CAST Rule

● The ratios of all the angles with same reference angles are identical (almost…)
○ The ratios could be positive or negative depending on the quadrant that the
terminal arm is in...
○ cos 30∘ = cos 330∘
cos 30∘ = − cos 150∘

Example #1
Determine what each ratio is equivalent to
a) sin 151∘ b) cos 135∘

Types of Angles
● Angle in Standard Position 
○ The position of an angle when its initial arm is on the positive x-axis and its
vertex is at the origin.
○ Always shown in Cartesian Plane (ALWAYS!)
● Reference Angles 
○ The acute angle between the terminal arm and the x-axis

GARCIA
Math 20-1 Unit 1 Trigonometry Name: _______________________

How do you find the angle θ

1) sin θ = 0.5
2) cos θ = 0.5
3) tan θ = 1

Based on what you learned in Math10C, you press

sin−1 (0.5)
cos−1 (0.5)
tan−1 (1)

Math 20-1
● Those answer are not completely correct in Math 20-1
● In fact, there are 2 possible answers to each of the following for 0 ≤ θ ≤ 360∘

1) sin θ = 0.5
2) cos θ = 0.5
3) tan θ = 1

Solving for Angles Given their Sin, Cos or Tan

Step 1: Eliminate 2 quadrants by looking at the sign (+ or -) of the given ration and use
CAST Rule

Step 2: Solve for the reference angle. Use positive value (absolute value) of the given
ratio

Step 3: Sketch the reference angle in the remaining 2 quadrants. Use the diagram to
determine the measure of the related angle in standard position.

Example #2
Solve for θ, to the nearest degree, 0 ≤ θ ≤ 360∘
a) cos θ = 0.5, 0 ≤ θ ≤ 360∘

b) sin θ = −1 , 0 ≤ θ < 270∘

√2

GARCIA
Math 20-1 Unit 1 Trigonometry Name: _______________________

Example #3
Solve for θ, to the nearest degree, 0 ≤ θ ≤ 360∘
a) sin θ = − 0.8090

b) tan θ = − 1

Example #4
Find the measure of x, to the nearest tenth of a degree, 0 ≤ θ ≤ 360∘
4cosx − 3 = 0 tanx − √5 = 0

Example #5
Point P (− 9, 4) is on the terminal arm of an angle θ. Determine the measure of θ, to the nearest
degree.

Homework:
Textbook - p. 97 # 13, 18ac (without calculator)
Workbook - p. 162 # 10, 11, 12

GARCIA
Math 20-1 Unit 1 Trigonometry Name: _______________________

1.6 - Exact Values of Trigonometric Ratios

Special Angles - Using the Unit Circle’s first quadrant

The angles 0, 30o, 45o, 60o and 90o are “special angles” because sin, cos, and tan of those
angles result in EXACT VALUES 
sin 0∘ = 0
cos 0∘ = 1
sin 30∘ = 21

Example #1
Determine the exact value of the following trigonometric ratios:
a) sin 210∘ b) cos 315∘

Finding Exact Values of Trigonometric Ratios

Step 1: Draw the angle in standard position
Step 2: Determine the reference angle
Step 3: Use your “Unit Circle” to determine the exact value of that reference angle
Step 4: Determine if the ratio is positive or negative using CAST Rule

GARCIA
Math 20-1 Unit 1 Trigonometry Name: _______________________

Example #2
Determine the exact value
a) tan 225∘ b) tan 180∘

c) cos 315∘ d) sin 270∘ + sin 60∘

Example #3
Without using technology, determine the exact values of θ where…
a) cos θ = − √3 , 0 ≤ θ ≤ 360o
2

b) tan θ is undef ined, 0 ≤ θ ≤ 360∘

Homework:
Workbook - p. 174 # 2 (except o), 3

GARCIA
Math 20-1 Unit 1 Trigonometry Name: _______________________

1.7 - The Sine Law

Draw the unit circle

Review - Cross Multiplication, round to the nearest tenth

3 x 4 10
5
= 7 x
= 21

Naming Angles and Sides

● Each triangle that you’ll work with will have angles A, B, C and sides a, b, c
● The side a is ________________________________
● The side b is ________________________________
● The side c is ________________________________

GARCIA
Math 20-1 Unit 1 Trigonometry Name: _______________________

Sine Law 
In every triangle ABC
a b c
sin A
= sin B
= sin C

sin A sin B sin C

a
= b
= c

Example #1
Find the measure of E, to the nearest degree

Example #2
Determine the length of AB, to the nearest tenth.

Strategy in Using Sine Law

● We need 2 ratios
● One ratio (fraction) needs to be completely filled out with given information
● The other ratio needs to have one variable (what are we looking for), and a given
information.

GARCIA
Math 20-1 Unit 1 Trigonometry Name: _______________________

Example #3
Determine the distance from friend’s cabin to the communication tower, to the nearest tenth.

Using Sine Law

● The use Sine Law, we need at least three pieces of following information.
○ AAS (angle, angle, side)
○ ASA (angle, side, angle)
○ SSA (side, side, angle)

Example #4
In LMN, ∠L = 64o, l = 25.2 cm, and m = 16.5 cm. Determine the measure of ∠N, to the nearest
degree.

Example #5 - p. 109 # 13
Determine the height of the Francophone Monument

Homework:
Textbook - p. 108 # 2, 3, 5bd, 10, 18

GARCIA
Math 20-1 Unit 1 Trigonometry Name: _______________________

1.8 - The Cosine Law

Ambiguous Case
a) In ΔLMN, where ∠LMN = 42o, LN = 32 mm and LM = 42 mm

b) In ΔABC, where ∠A = 57o, ∠B = 73o, and AB = 24 cm

Using Sine Law

To use Sine Law, we need at least three pieces of following information
● AAS (angle, angle, side)
● ASA (angle, side, angle)
● SSA (side, side, angle)
○ Possibility of ambiguous case exists

Example #1 - Find the length of c

Cosine Law
You can use cosine law for SAS triangles
2
a2 = b + c2 − 2bc cosA
b2 = a2 + c2 − 2ac cos B
c2 = a2 + b2 − 2ab cos C

GARCIA
Math 20-1 Unit 1 Trigonometry Name: _______________________

Example #2 - Word Problem

Delia wants to find the distance between two points, A and B, on opposite sides of a pond. She
locates a point C that is 35.5 m from A and 48.8 m from B. If the angle at C is 54o, determine the
distance AB, to the nearest tenth of a metre.

Alternate Formula - Cosine Law 

When you are given SSS
● Length of all three sides
● No Angles

2
b + c2 − a2
cos A = 2bc
2
a + c2 − b
2
cos B = 2ac
2
a + b − c2
2
cos C = 2ab

Example #3
Determine the measure of angle C to the nearest degree

Homework:
Textbook - p. 119 # 1ac, 2bd, 4cd, 5, 12, 20

GARCIA