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Expanded Program On Immunization

The Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) was established in 1976 to provide vaccines for six diseases to infants, children and mothers, and has since expanded to include additional vaccines and target populations. The program aims to achieve 95% coverage of routine childhood immunizations through strategies like outreach services, supplemental immunization activities, and disease surveillance. In 2016, EPI transitioned to become the National Immunization Program to provide vaccines to more groups across the lifespan.

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204 views7 pages

Expanded Program On Immunization

The Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) was established in 1976 to provide vaccines for six diseases to infants, children and mothers, and has since expanded to include additional vaccines and target populations. The program aims to achieve 95% coverage of routine childhood immunizations through strategies like outreach services, supplemental immunization activities, and disease surveillance. In 2016, EPI transitioned to become the National Immunization Program to provide vaccines to more groups across the lifespan.

Uploaded by

Vanessa Abboud
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Expanded Program on Immunization

(EPI)
Expanded Program on Immunization

Department of Health Cordillera Administrative Regional Office

1. INTRODUCTION:

A. Rationale:

The Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) was established in 1976 to ensure that
infants/children and mothers have access to routinely recommended infant/childhood
vaccines. Six vaccine-preventable diseases were initially included in the EPI:
tuberculosis, poliomyelitis, diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis and measles. Vaccines under
the EPI are BCG birth dose, Hepatitis B birth dose, Oral Poliovirus Vaccine, Pentavalent
Vaccine, Measles Containing Vaccines (Antimeasles Vaccine, Measles, Mumps,
Rubella) and Tetanus Toxoid. In 2014, Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine 13 was
included in the routine immunization of EPI.

This 2016, the Expanded Program on Immunization will transition to become the
National Immunization Program. It will include immunizations of other populations such
as senior citizen immunization, school-age immunization, and adolescent
immunizations.

C.  Program Target:

Achieve 95% Fully Immunized Child Coverage.

D.  Program Strategies:

1. Conduct of routine immunizations for infants/children/women through Reaching


Every Purok Strategy.
 The Reaching Every Purok Strategy is an innovation of the Reaching every
Barangay.
2. Supplemental immunization Activities (SIA)
 Supplemental immunization activities are conducted to reach children who have
not been vaccinated or have not developed enough immunity after previous
vaccinations.
3. Vaccine-Preventable Disease Surveillance
 Surveillance is conducted for all vaccine-preventable diseases most especially
for measles cases and indigenous wild poliovirus.

 
I.       Rationale

The Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) was established in 1976 to ensure that
infants/children and mothers have access to routinely recommended infant/childhood
vaccines. Six vaccine-preventable diseases were initially included in the EPI:
tuberculosis, poliomyelitis, diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis and measles. In 1986, 21.3%
“fully immunized” children less than fourteen months of age based on the EPI
Comprehensive Program review.

• In 1976, the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) was established


• Six vaccine-preventable diseases were initially included in the EPI: tuberculosis,
poliomyelitis, diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis and measles.
• Vaccines under the EPI are BCG, Hepatitis B, Oral Poliovirus Vaccine,
Pentavalent Vaccine, Measles Containing Vaccines (Antimeasles Vaccine, MMR)
and Tetanus Toxoid.

• Over-all Goal: To reduce the morbidity and mortality among children against the
most common vaccine-preventable disease.

• Program Target: Achieve 95% Fully Immunized Child Coverage.

• Fully Immunized Child (FIC)

• Completely Immunized Child (CIC)

Strategies:

  Conduct of Routine Immunization for Infants/Children/Women through


the Reaching Every Barangay (REB) strategy

          REB strategy, an adaptation of the WHO-UNICEF Reaching Every District (RED),


was introduced in 2004 aimed to improve the access to routine immunization and
reduce drop-outs.  There are 5 components of the strategy, namely: data analysis for
action, re-establish outreach services, , strengthen links between the community and
service, supportive supervision and maximizing resources.

 Supplemental Immunization Activity (SIA)


Supplementary immunization activities are used to reach children who have not been
vaccinated or have not developed sufficient immunity after previous vaccinations.  It can
be conducted either national or sub-national –in selected areas.

 Strengthening Vaccine-Preventable Diseases Surveillance

This is critical for the eradication/elimination efforts, especially in identifying true cases
of measles and indigenous wild polio virus

 Procurement of  adequate and potent vaccines and needles and syringes to
all health facilities nationwide

• VISION 

Vaccine Preventable Disease Free DOH RO IX

• MISSION

To reduce morbidity and mortality rates due to vaccine preventable diseases

•    OBJECTIVES

1.  Increase  coverage of existing vaccines for targeted populationn groups


across the life stage. 

2.  Provide additional protection  to identified vulnerable  groups from other VPDs
through evidence based new vaccines and technologies.  

3.  Achieve the country's commitment to priority global immunization goals.

• PROGRAM COMPONENTS

Service Delivery, Service Delivery, Logistics Management, Surveillance and


Monitoring, Programme Management, Linking Services with the Community

• TARGET POPULATION/CLIENT

Infants ( 0-12 mos), Children( 13- 24 mos) Grade 1, Grade 7, Senior citizens

•  AREA OF COVERAGE
Three Provinces and five cities : Zamboanga del Sur, Zamboanga del Norte,
Zamboanga Sibugay, Dipolog City, Dapitan City, Pagadian City, Isabela City and
Zamboanga City

•  PARTNER INSTITUTIONS

Department of Interior and Local Government, Department of Education,


Philippine Pediatric Society

• POLICIES AND LAWS

1987 Philippine Constitution 9Article XIII, Section 11 ; Article II Section 15 ;


Republic Act 10152 Mandatory Infants and Children Health Immunization Act;
DOH AO No. 39,s.2003;   RA 7846 amended PD 996 clarified basic
immunization services to be given

•  STRATEGIES, ACTION POINTS, AND TIMELINE

1.  Expand the package of quality immunization services and scale up coverage.

2.  Generate clients demand and multisectoral support for immunization services.

3. Strengthen surveillance and response.

4.  Build up supervision, monitoring and evaluation.

5.  Institute supportive governance, financing and regulatory measures.

LIST OF VACCINES

PNEUMOCOCCAL VACCINE 23

 Only senior citizens (selected) in the community

 Lasts for 5 years

 Meeting and orientation among senior citizens

 Consent form not needed

 Assessment

 Issuance of immunization card


school-based immunization program

HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS (TYPES 6, 11, 16, 18) RECOMBINANT VACCINE

 2 doses; 6 months interval (Sept-March)

 Grade IV female students ages 9-13 y/o

 Meeting and orientation among parents of the students

 Consent form

 Assessment

 Issuance of immunization card

MEASLES RUBELLA & TETANUS DIPHTHERIA VACCINE

 1 dose MR on R arm; 1 dose TD on L arm

 Grade 1 & 7 students (PUBLIC)

 Meeting and orientation among parents of the students

 Consent form

 Assessment

 Issuance of immunization card

 PROVISION OF LOGISTICS

Vaccines are provided to Provincial Health Offices on a quarterly basis. Aside


from vaccines, vaccination supplies such as auto-disable syringes, safety boxes,
mixing syringes, cotton, alcohol, needle removers, vaccine carriers, transport
boxes, and AEFI kits are being provided.
For more information on the DOH’ National Immunization Program,
visit: https://www.doh.gov.ph

REFERENCE/S:

NATIONAL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM. (n.d.). Retrieved September 04, 2020, from


http://ro9.doh.gov.ph/index.php/health-programs/malaria-control/national-
immunization-program

Expanded Program on Immunization: Department of Health website. (n.d.). Retrieved


September 04, 2020, from https://www.doh.gov.ph/expanded-program-on-
immunization

Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI). (n.d.). Retrieved September 04, 2020, from
http://caro.doh.gov.ph/expanded-program-on-immunization/
NATIONAL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAMME (NIP). (n.d.). Retrieved September 04,
2020, from https://vaccine-safety-training.org/safety-of-vaccine-administration.html

The following steps should be taken by the national immunization programme to avoid
immunization errors:

Memory check
Do you remember what immunization error can most likely occur if vaccines are kept in
the same refrigerator as other drugs?

 Train immunization workers adequately, provide refresher updates and ensure


close supervision so that proper procedures are being followed.
 Do not store other drugs or substances in the refrigerator of the immunization
centre. This will avoid mix-up between vaccine vials and other drug containers and
minimize immunization errors. If stored together, a drug risks being given instead of a
vaccine or an inappropriate diluent.
 Use sterile, preferably single-use, auto-disable syringes for all injections. If only
multi-use syringes are available, sterilize them adequately after each use.
 Reconstitute the vaccine only with its specific diluent supplied by its
manufacturer.
 Discard reconstituted vaccines within 6 hours or at the end of each immunization
session (whichever comes sooner).
 Carefully conduct epidemiological investigation of an AEFI to pinpoint the cause
and how to improve immunization practices where necessary.
 Monitor persons receiving vaccines for 20 minutes after vaccination.

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