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Building Design Lesson 3

The document discusses different types of foundations used to transmit structural loads from buildings to the ground. It describes pile foundations as long, slender members that transmit loads to deeper soil layers. Pier foundations transfer heavy loads through end bearing only. Caisson foundations are watertight structures used for bridges and dams that require foundations under water bodies.

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Joshua Melegrito Peralta
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33 views

Building Design Lesson 3

The document discusses different types of foundations used to transmit structural loads from buildings to the ground. It describes pile foundations as long, slender members that transmit loads to deeper soil layers. Pier foundations transfer heavy loads through end bearing only. Caisson foundations are watertight structures used for bridges and dams that require foundations under water bodies.

Uploaded by

Joshua Melegrito Peralta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lesson 3 1.

Pile Foundation – a long and slender members with small


STRUCTURAL DESIGN cross sectional area that transmit loads to deeper and
stronger strata which are beyond the reach of shallow
foundations. Also used to anchor structures against uplift
Process of Structural Design
forces.
A. Structural Planning & Layouting
2. Pier Foundation – is a cylindrical structural member
1. Ideal position & orientation of columns
which transfer heavy load from superstructure to the soil
a. Columns should preferably be positioned
by end bearing. Unlike pile, it can only transfer load by
symmetrically about the center of the building.
bearing and by not skin friction.
b. Should preferably be located “at” or “near” the corners CE4111 & CE4111L
3. Caisson Foundation – is a watertight retaining structure
of the building & at beam intersections. BUILDING DESIGN 1, LEC & LAB
used as a bridge pier, construction of dam etc. It is
c. Avoid larger center-to-center distance between
generally used in structures which requires foundation
columns.
beneath a river or similar water bodies. There are several
2. Established design criteria
types of caisson foundation such as:
a. Selection of materials & their strength
o Box Caissons
b. Established all loads which the building requires.
c. Types of loads o Floating Caissons 
c.1. Dead Load – includes the weights of all materials o Pneumatic Caissons 
to be used in the building. o Open Caissons 
c.2. Live Load – building occupants including o Sheeted Caissons
fixtures/furnitures o Excavated Caissons
c.3 Lateral Load – wind & earthquake forces
3. Structural Analysis Building Codes
a. Study of stresses, strains, & slope deflections of 1. Footings shall be of sufficient size and strength to support the
structural members. load of the dwelling and shall be at least 250 millimeters thick
4. Structural Design and 600 millimeters below the surface of the ground.
a. Designing the members considering the strength, 2. Footings located at least 2.40 meters below grade along
economy, & serviceability. national roads or public highway may project not more than
5. Structural Detailing 300 millimeters beyond the property line.
a. Preparation of structural drawings & informations 3. Foundations may be permitted to encroach into public
needed for construction. sidewalk areas to a width not exceeding 500 millimeters;
provided, that the top of the said foundations is not less than
FOUNDATION PLAN 600 millimeters below the established grade; and provided
- is a plan view drawing, showing the location and size of further, that said projection does not obstruct any existing
footings, columns, foundation walls, and supporting beams such utility such as power, communication, gas, water, or sewer
as footing tie beam and grade beam. lines, unless the owner concerned shall pay the corresponding
entities for the rerouting of the parts of the affected utilities.
Why a Foundation is provided
o Distribute the weight of the structure over a large area of soil.
o Avoid unequal settlement.
o Prevent the lateral movement of the structure.
o Increase structural stability.

Types of Foundation
A. Shallow Foundation – the width of the foundation is greater
than the depth of the foundation
1. Isolated Spread Footing – the most common and simplest
type of footing and used to support a single column only.
2. Wall or Strip Footing – used to distribute loads of
structural load-bearing walls to the ground and runs along
the direction of the wall. Stone, brick, reinforced concrete
etc. are used.
Width = 2-3 times the width of wall
3. Combined Footing – provided when the SBC is low and
isolated footings are overlap to each other. They may be
rectangular, tee-shaped or trapezoidal in shape.
4. Strap or Cantilever Footing – consists of single footing
coonected with a strap beam. Generally, when the edge of
the footing cannot be extended beyond the property line
the exterior footing is connected by strap beam with
interior footing.
5. Raft or Mat Footing – consist of a concrete slab placed
over the entire building area. Used when the SBC is
relatively low.

B. Deep Foundation – the width of the foundation is smaller


than the depth of the foundation

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