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SL & HL Answers To Biochemistry & The Environment Questions

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60 views

SL & HL Answers To Biochemistry & The Environment Questions

Uploaded by

zarna nirmal rawal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SL  &  HL  Answers  to  Biochemistry  &  the  environment  
questions.  
 
 
1.    (a)  Dichlorodiphenyltrichloethane  
 
 
         (b)  It  is  thermodynamically  stable  so  does  not  break  down  easily  and  it  has  very  little  polarity    
                     so  is  able  to  form  weak  intermolecular  van  der  Waals’  type  forces  of  attraction  with    
                     molecules  of  fat.    
 
 
         (c)  The  DDT  is  absorbed  by  insects,  which  are  then  eaten  by  small  animals,  which  in  turn  are    
                     eaten  by  larger  animals.  At  each  stage  of  the  food  chain  the  concentration  of  the  DDT  in    
                     the  body  increases.  Birds  of  prey  are  relatively  high  up  the  food  chain.  This  is  an  example    
                     of  biomagnification.    
 
 
       (d)    Mass  of  products  =  mass  of  reactants.  
                     Mass  of    molar  products  =  (14  x  12.01)  +  (11  x  1.01)  +  (5  x  35.45)  +  16.00  =  372.50  g.    
                     This  contains  354.48  g  of  DDT    and  18.02  g  of  water.  
                       Atom  economy  =  (354.48  ÷  372.50)  x  100  =      95.2%  
 
 
     (e)  (i)  Overall  reaction  is  H3CCHO  +  3Cl2  →  Cl3CCHO    +    3HCl  
                           Mass  of  molar  products  =  147.38  +  (3  x  36.46)  =  256.76  g  
                           Atom  economy  =  (147.38  ÷  256.76)  x  100  =  57.4%  
 
 
               (ii)  The  HCl  produced  can  be  recycled  either  to  use  as  the  hydrochloric  acid  solvent  or    
                           oxidised  to  produce  chlorine  so  it  is  no  longer  a  waste  product.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Dr Geoffrey Neuss, InThinking
©
 http://www.thinkib.net/chemistry 1  
 
 
 
 
 
 
2.  Host-­‐guest  chemistry  describes complexes composed of two or more molecules or ions (the l
larger being the host and the smaller being the guest) that are held together in unique 3-D
structural relationships by non-covalent forces. The forces of attraction between the host and the
guest include hydrogen bonding, van der Waals’ attraction and ionic bonding. These are weaker
than covalent bonds and enable the 3-D structure to be maintained but only temporarily rather
than permanently.
 
 
 
 
3.  Any  three  from:  
 
       1.  Ester,  amide  and  ether  groups,  unlike  the  C-­‐C  bonds  in  many  non-­‐biodegradable    
                 polymers,    can  be  hydrolysed  by  microorganisms/enzymes  that  occur  naturally  or    
                 broken  down  more  easily  by  other  factors,  such  as  change  in  pH  or  temperature.  
 
     2.  Biodegradable  polymers  tend  to  be  more  soluble  in  water  than  non-­‐biodegradable    
               polymers,  which  enable  better  interaction  with  the  enzymes.  
 
     3.  When  they  are  broken  down  into  smaller  units  the  products  can  be  natural    
               substances,  e.g.  sugars,  which  can  easily  be  further  broken  down  by  enzymes.  
 
     4.  They  tend  to  have  less  branching  than  non-­‐biodegradable  polymers.  This  increases    
               the  number  of  end  groups  per  unit  mass  where  degradation  normally  starts.  
 

 
 
  Dr Geoffrey Neuss, InThinking
©
 http://www.thinkib.net/chemistry 2  

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