0% found this document useful (0 votes)
77 views7 pages

4-Vitamins 2015 PDF

Uploaded by

Fariz Aziz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
77 views7 pages

4-Vitamins 2015 PDF

Uploaded by

Fariz Aziz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 7

I – fat soluble vitamins

1-Vitamin A (Retinol)

*precursor: B caroten
* uses :
A-psoriasis
b- Acne vulgaris (retinoic acid)
c- Night blindness
d- Skin disease

N.B: vit A does not cross the placenta & it is essential for mucous epithelial cell
production (Category X in pregnancy)

*deficiency:
a- night blindness
b- Keratinization of the epithelial cells of the cornea & all mucous membrane
c- Loss of appetite

*toxicity:
-hyperstoses (bone hypertrophy) in children
- peeling of the skin
- Headache
- Lymph node enlargement

*daily requirements: orally or IM


Child 1300- 2600 IU
Adults 3000 IU

N.B:- Zn is essential for 1- maintenance of vit A in plasma


2-mobilization of vit A from the liver
- Administration of vit E with vit A increase absorption & tissue storage
- vit A must not exceed 10000 iu
- vit A is imp for vision , growth & reproduction

2-VIT D: (calciferol)
*precursor: 7- dehydro ergosterol U.V cholecalciferol D3
Ergosterol u.v calciferol VIT D2

*uses:
Has parathyroid hormone like action

1 Edition 2015 Cell phone: +1(571)699 4550


-increase GIT absorption of Ca++
-increase tubular reabsorption of Ca++
- decrease mobilization of Ca++ from bone to blood

*deficiency: due to diet deficiency or inadequate exposure to sun light


In children rickets
In adults osteomalacia "soft bone"

Hyperparathyroidism

*toxicity:

-hypercalcaemia -myocardial infarction

-Mental retardation - deposition of Ca in soft tissue

-Increase digitalis toxicity - constipation

- stop the growth

*uses: Treatment of hyperparathyroidism & rickets

*daily req: 400 IU &for rickets 4000-40000

N.B: + Vit D is completely absorbed from GIT & depend on hepatic & biliary function, so drug
that increase hepatic microsomal enz (e.g. anticoagulants, barbiturates, rifampicin &
antidepressants ) cause vit D deficiency

+ lasix (furosemide) is contra indicated in vit D deficiency because it cause hypocalcaemia


(decrease Ca++)

3-VIT E : alpha -tocopherol


*present naturally in green vegetables, eggs & meat

* uses:

-increase absorption of vit A

- Anti oxidant for oily solution

- Carried in plasma by B- lipoprotein

*deficiency:

a- anemia b- muscular dystrophy

2 Edition 2015 Cell phone: +1(571)699 4550


c- Male sterility d- habitual abortion in females

*toxicity:

Safe in very high doses

*daily req: 5-10 IU/day

NB: contraindicated with minerals as Ca++ & iron

4-VIT K : K1 phyto quinone plant origin

K2 mena quinone bacteria origin in GIT

K3 mena dione synthetic origin (H2O sol)

*Uses:

Essential for production of prothrombin in the liver

* Deficiency:

- In infant: hemorrhagic anemia & kernicterus (increase bilirubin)

- In adult: decrease liver function jaundice

N.B: .Antidote of vit K is coumarine (dicoumarol)

. xss Ab use decrease normal flora decrease vit K synthesis


deficiency of vit k

II-water soluble vitamins


1-vit B1 (thiamine)
Co enz in CHO metabolism, present naturally in yeast & liver. It is thermo labile

* Deficiency:

Cause Beri –Beri disease (peripheral neuritis) its symptoms:

- Mental disorder - fatigue

- Tachycardia -heart edema

-Low conc of HCL

3 Edition 2015 Cell phone: +1(571)699 4550


*toxicity: not marked (safe)

*daily Req : adult >0.6mg 4,5mg

Child 0.4mg

*uses:

1-Beri Beri treatment 2-diabetes mellitus (peripheral neuritis)

3-Neuralgia 4 -Mental disorder

2-vit B2 (Riboflavin )
An H+ carrier which play imp role in energy metabolism in respiratory chain.

Absorbed from upper GIT & never given alone but in combination with other Vit B cplx

* Deficiency:

1-chelosis (cracks in the corner of the mouth)

2-Glossitis (tongue inflammation)

3-photophobia (due to corneal vascularization)

4-Keratitis

5-embryo toxicity in pregnant female

*Daily Req. child > 0.6 adult >1mg oraly ,IM ,SC

3- vit B3 (Nicotinic acid or Niacin)

Nicotinic acid

Occur in 2 forms Nicotinamide

It is H+ carrier coenz for protein metabolism &production of energy ATP (in resp . chain)

*side effect of Vit B3 :

-Flushing -vasodilatation -hyperuricemia

-Hyperglycemia -hypocholesterolemia

* Deficiency:

Mainly cause pellagra characterized by:-

4 Edition 2015 Cell phone: +1(571)699 4550


1-dermatitis 2-weakness 3-Neuritis

4-CNS confusion 5-photosensitivity 6-GIT irritation

7-schizophrenia sub clinical pellagra

*Daily Req.: child > 4mg adult > 6mg 45mg

4-Vit B6 (pyridoxine)
1-for amino acid metabolism: tryptophan vit B6 Nicotinic acid

2-Co enz essential for GABA production in the brain which is the main neurotransmitter
inhibitor to prevent convulsion

* Deficiency:

+epileptic convulsion +peripheral neuritis +Dermatitis

+ iron deficiency anemia

*Drug interaction with Vit B6

-oral contraceptive: deplete B6 should be supplied

-pregnancy : deplete B6

-Hydralazine, INH, penecillamine: decrease tryptophan metabolism

-L-Dopa: increase metabolism of vit B6 by increase synth of decarboxylase enz


(convert L-Dopa dopamine)

5-VIT B12 (cyanocobolamin)


- Maintenance of myelin sheath in the nervous tissue (its deficiency neurological signs)

-imp for synthesis of epithelial cells & normal growth

-It needs an intrinsic factor for its absorption from GIT, it is a glycoprotein in nature

(Its deficiency is called pernicious anemia)

- How to differentiate if pernicious anemia is due to either

a) Deficiency of intrinsic factor

Or b) deficiency of B12 by

5 Edition 2015 Cell phone: +1(571)699 4550


Schilling test: take vit B12 + Co57 or Co58

1-if Co57 appear in feaces: (not absorbed)

So pernicious anemia due to lack of intrinsic factor

Vit B12

2- If Co57 appear in urine (absorbed)

So anemia due to lack of vit B12 alone

Pernicious anemia (addison's pernicious anemia)

-due to decrease in intrinsic factor in GIT

- lead to peripheral gastric mucosal atrophy, glotitis, achlorohydria (decrease HCL


secretion) &lead to megaloplastic anemia

- III by vit B12 IM or SC inj (depovit B12)

NB: * oral preparation are of no value

6-Folic acid :
- Essential for synthesis of pyrine &pyrimidine bases

- used in megaloplastic anemia beside B12

*not use folic acid because it mask signs of vit B12 deficiency

*folic acid anti metabolite (methotrexate) used as anticancer

7-Biotine:-

*synthesized by bacterial flora or taken with food

*involved in some fatty acid synthesis & many carboxylation reactions

*consumption of egg white only deficiency

8-Choline:-

*synthesized in the body from Methionine amino acid

* Essential for phosphatidyl Choline synthesis which is involved in lipid transport


&Ach synthesis

6 Edition 2015 Cell phone: +1(571)699 4550


9-Pantothenic acid:- (panthenol)

Converted to co A enz which is essential for A Ch . synthesis

Used locally to heal wounds F.A. metabolism

10-Vit C: Ascorbic acid

Present in green veg. & citrus fruits

Level in female > male & smoking decrease vit C in blood

Importance: 1-essential for collagen synthesis in the connective tissue

2-imp in oxidation – reduction reaction (redox) & cellular respiration

3-as a reducing agent: - used in III of Meth Heamoglobinemia

4-antidote for alcohol over dose bec – it activate alc. Dehydrogenase


enz. Which is essential for alc metabolism

NB: vit C give false +ve result with clinitest depends on cuso4 reduction by glucose in urine

Defficiency:

Scurvy disease:- Gum bleeding- lesion in teeth, bones & blood vessels

Toxicity:

1-stones in urinary tract

2-diarhea

3-ingesion of 10 gm daily then withdrawal frank symptom or scurvy

NB: scurvy appears in new bornes whom mothers ingest high amount of vit C

Dose: child >20mg/day

Adult >150mg/ day

7 Edition 2015 Cell phone: +1(571)699 4550

You might also like