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01.introduction and Concepts of Object Oriented ABAP

Object oriented ABAP focuses on representing real world objects as classes. There are two types of classes in ABAP - global classes and local classes. Global classes are defined in the class builder transaction SE24 and can be accessed by any ABAP program, while local classes are defined within a single ABAP program. Key components of a class include attributes, methods, and visibility sections to control access. Instance components exist for each object instance while static components are global to the class.

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Shashank Yerra
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71 views

01.introduction and Concepts of Object Oriented ABAP

Object oriented ABAP focuses on representing real world objects as classes. There are two types of classes in ABAP - global classes and local classes. Global classes are defined in the class builder transaction SE24 and can be accessed by any ABAP program, while local classes are defined within a single ABAP program. Key components of a class include attributes, methods, and visibility sections to control access. Instance components exist for each object instance while static components are global to the class.

Uploaded by

Shashank Yerra
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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# Content

1 What is Object Oriented ABAP and Concepts ?

2 SAP Class Builder introduction

3 Write First SAP class

What is Object Oriented ABAP and


Concepts ?
Last Updated: October 13th 2013 by Ashok Kumar Reddy

INtroduction to Object Oriented ABAP, Concepts and principles of Object


Oriented ABAP programming

 The main feature of Object Oriented programming is representing real-time objects in the
form of class objects.
 Object Oriented ABAP focus on representing real-time objects of classes.
 SAP ABAP Object Oriented programming is available in two flavors .
 One is Global Classes and another one is local class.

Global Class
Global Class is an ABAP object which can be accessible via SAP Class Builder, T-code for SAP
Class Builder is SE24.

Local Class
Local classes are classes which are available in ABAP programs, we can access them via ABAP
editor SE38.

ABAP Classes and It`s components


What is a Class ? A class is a user defined data type with attributes, methods, events, user-defined
types, interfaces etc for a particular entity or business application .

What are Objects ? Objects are nothing but instances of classes, each object has a unique identity
that is memory and it`s own attributes.

Declaring Classes and Objects


Syntax: DATA <instance> TYPE REF TO <class name> . "Declaring global class in ABAP
program using type ref to(type reference to )
CREATE OBJECT <instance> . "Create object for the declared instance

Components of a Class
Attributes: Attributes are variables, constants declared within a class .

Methods: Methods are coding blocks which provides some functionality . 

 These methods are similar to Function Modules in ABAP.


 Methods can access all attributes of it`s own class.
 Methods are defined in definition part and implemented in implementation part.
 We can call methods using CALL METHOD statement.

Events: Event is a mechanism through which one method of a class can raise method of other
class, without hazard of instantiating that class.

Interfaces: Interfaces are similar to classes which contain methods Without any implementation.

Interfaces are mainly used to extend the scope or functionality of the class.

Instance and Static Components


Instance components : These components exist separately in each instance (object) of the class
and are referred using instance component selector using ->

Static components : These components exists globally for a class and are referred to using static
component selector => .

Visibility of Components of Class


Each class component has a visibility.

In ABAP Objects, the whole class definition is separated into three visibility sections:

 PUBLIC .
 PROTECTED .
 PRIVATE.

Public section: Data declared in public section can be accessed by the class itself, by its
subclasses as well as by other users outside the class.

Protected section: Data declared in the protected section can be accessed by the class itself, and
also by its subclasses but not by external users outside the class.
Private Section: Data declared in the private section can be accessed by the class only, but not by
its subclasses and by external users outside the class.

Global Class and Local Class


Classes in ABAP Objects can be declared either globally or locally.

Global Class: Global classes and interfaces are defined in the Class Builder (Transaction SE24) in
the ABAP Workbench.

All of the ABAP programs in an R/3 System can access the global classes.

Local Class: Local classes are define in an ABAP program (Transaction SE38) and can only be
used in the program in which they are defined.

Learner Questions

 Instance and Static Components can you please elaborate?

 SAP Class Builder introduction


 Last Updated: November 6th 2013 by Ashok Kumar Reddy
 What is SAP Class builder and introduction to transaction SE24 in SAP
 + -
 Transaction code for SAP class builder is SE24. SAP class builder(SE24) is used to create,
display and change SAP classes.
Go to SE24 and provide some class example ex: CL_ABAP_CHAR_UTILITIES, to see what
are the components of class.

 Properties: The properties tab contains class properties like created user name, last changed
user name, package etc.
 Interfaces: Contains the list of the interfaces that are implemented in this class( will discuss
in later lessons).
 Friends: contains friend classes ( we will discuss later lessons).
 Attributes: The attributes tab contains the list of attributes declared in that class.
 Methods : Contains the methods with importing and exporting parameters and with some
business functionality (source code).
 Events: Contains events declared and implemented in that class.
 Types: The types tab contains user defined type decelerations.
 Aliases: Contains alias names for interface methods ( will discuss in later lessons).
 Learner Questions

 No Questions by learners, be first one to ask ..!!

 Write First SAP class


 Last Updated: November 6th 2013 by Ashok Kumar Reddy
 Writing first SAP Class using transaction code SE24 with SAP ABAP
Programming
 + -
 Create a simple class for using attributes
 Go to SE24( Class Builder).
 Give the class name ZCL_SAPN1 and create.


 Provide short description, save.

 Save it in a Local Object or in your test package.
 Go to attributes tab and define an attribute as below.

 AV_NAME-INSTANCE-PUBLIC-TYPE-CHAR25.

 Save and Activate.


 Now class is created, we have to use this in our program.
 Create a ABAP program in SE38 and add below code
 DATA : LR_CLASS TYPE REF TO ZCL_SAPN1 . "STEP1--WE DECLARE CLASSES USING REF
TO BECAUSE THEY ARE OBJECTS
 CREATE OBJECT LR_CLASS. "STEP2--CREATE OBJECT FOR THE CLASS
 *CALL CLASS COMPONENT WITH THE INSTANCE
 LR_CLASS->AV_NAME = 'ATTRIBUTE NAME'. "USE CLASS COMPONENTS
 WRITE:/ LR_CLASS->AV_NAME.
 *OUT PUT WILL BE 'ATTRIBUTE NAME'

 Using multiple objects of class


 DATA : LR_CLASS1 TYPE REF TO ZCL_SAPN1 . "Declare first class object
 DATA : LR_CLASS2 TYPE REF TO ZCL_SAPN1 . "Declare second class object

 CREATE OBJECT LR_CLASS1. "Create a first object
 CREATE OBJECT LR_CLASS2. "Create a second object
 *CALL CLASS COMPONENT WITH THE INSTANCE
 LR_CLASS1->AV_NAME = 'FIRST ATTRIBUTE NAME'. "Assign value to first object

 LR_CLASS2->AV_NAME = 'SECOND ATTRIBUTE NAME'. "Assign value to second object
 WRITE:/ LR_CLASS1->AV_NAME. "OUT PUT WILL BE 'FIRST ATTRIBUTE NAME'

 WRITE:/ LR_CLASS2->AV_NAME. "OUT PUT WILL BE 'SECOND ATTRIBUTE NAME'

 Learner Questions

 No Questions by learners, be first one to ask ..!!

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