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Homework for mechanical

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RISHABH MUDGAL
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195 views

PDF of Homework 8jhbi

Homework for mechanical

Uploaded by

RISHABH MUDGAL
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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i 716 Chapter 12 m Turbomachines 12.2€ A purpose of a water pump is to turn the pump shaft work imo an increase in 2) the pressure of the uid.) the volume of the fui. ©) the density of he Hid.) the eahalpy ofthe ui 123C When wind is acting on a windmil he power produced i will depend on ; Problems ; Note: Unless specific values of required fluid properties are given in the problem statement, use the values found in the tables on the inside of the front cover. Answers to the even- ‘numbered problems are listed at the end of the book. The Lab Problems as well as the videos that accompany problems can be accessed in WileyPLUS or the book's web site, ‘worwiley.com/college/munson, Section 12.1 Introduction and Section 12.2 Basic Energy Considerations 12.1 (3 The rotor shown in Fig. P12.1 rotates clockwise. As ‘sume thatthe fuid enters in the radial direction and the relat velocity is tangent to the blades and remains constant across the entre rotor Is the device a pump or a turbine? Explain. ee ws Figure P12.1 122 Air (assumed incompressible) flows across the rotor shown in Fig. P12. such that the magnitude of the absolute velocity in- ‘reases from 15 mis to 25 mis, Measurements indicate thatthe ab- solute velocity atthe inlet isin the direction shown. Determine the direction ofthe absolute velocity at the outlet if the Muid puts no torque on the rotor. Is the rotation CW or CCW? Is this device a pomp ora turbine? im Figure P12.2 4) the velocity of the wind relative tothe blade ') the velocity of the blade relative to the ground. ©) the velocity ofthe ground relative to the bade. 4) the velocity of the wind relative to the ground. Additional conceptual questions are available in WileyPLUS at the instructor's discretion. 123 The measured shaft torque on the turbomachine shown in Fig. P12.3 is ~60 Nom when the absolute velocities are as indi- cated. Determine the mass flowrate. What is the angular velocity if the magnitude ofthe shaft power is 1800 N-m/s? Is this machine 1 pump or a turbine? Explain, Figure P12.3 Section 12.3 Basic Angular Momentum Considerations 124 © (@ Water flows through a rotating sprinkler arm as shown in Fig. PI24 and Video V12.2, Estimate the minimum war ter pressure necessary for an angular velocity of 150 rpm. Is this, ‘ora pump? Figure P12.4 718 Chapter 12 m Turbomachines Section 12.4 The Centrifugal Pump and Section 124.1 ‘Theoretical Considerations 12422. The radial component of velocity of water leaving the In Example 12.3, how will the maximum height, z. thatthe pump ean be located above the water surface change if the ‘water temperature is decreased 10 40°F? 12.20 In Example 12.3, how will the maximum height, that the pump can be located above the water surface change f(a) the wa- Ter temperature is increased to 120 °F or (b) the fluid is changed from water to gasoline at 60 °F? 12.21. (eA centrifugal pump witha 7-in. Owing o fouling of the pipe wall, the friction factor for the pipe of Example 12.4 increases from 0102 to 0.03. Detet- ‘mine the new flowrate, assuming all other conditions remain the same. What is the pump efficiency at this new flowrate? Explain how a line valve could be used 10 vary the flowrate through the Pipe of Example 12.4. Would it be better to place the valve up. ‘team or downsteam of the pump? Why? 12.27 (SH A centrifugal pump having a head-capacity relation- ship given by the equation A, = 180 ~ 6,10 x 10*Q, with hy in feet when Q isin gpm, isto be used with a system similar to that showin in Fig. 12.14. For z; — 2; = 50 ft what isthe expected flowrate if the total length of constant diameter pipe is 600 ft and the fluid is water? Assume the pipe diameter to be 4 in. and the ftition factor to be equal to 0.02, Neglect all minor losses. Problems 719. 1228 (2 A centrifugal pump having a 6-in A centrifugal pump having an impeller diameter of 1m is to be constructed so that it will supply a head rise of 200 m at flowrate of 4.1 ms of water when operating ata speed ‘01 1200 rpm. T stay the characterises of his pump, a1 eae, seomesicaly similar model operated atthe same sped isto be tested inthe laboratory. Determine the required mode! discharge and bead rise. Assume that bth model and prototype operate with the same efficiency (and therefore the same flow coeicien), 12.38 (A ceneifugal pump with a 12-in-dlameter impeller requires a power input of 60 hp when the owate is 3200 gpm ‘against a -theads The impeller is changed to one with a 10n diameter. Determine the expected flowrate, head, and input power if the pump speed remains the same 12.36 Do the head-flowrate data shown in Fig. 12.12 appear to follow the similrity laws as expressed by Eqs. 12.39 and 12.402 Explain, 12.37 (@e A centigal pump has the performance charactris- tics of the pump with the 6vn diameter impeller described in Fig. 12,12 Note thatthe pump inthis figure is operating at 3500 rpm. ‘What i the expected head gained ifthe speed ofthis pump is e- diced to 2400 rpm while operating a pak efficiency? 12.38 (A centrifugal pump provides a flowrate of $00 gpm ‘when operating at 1750 pm agains a 200-1 eed. Determine the pump's flowrate and developed head i the pump speed is increased {© 3800 rpm 12.39 i Use the data given in Problem 12.18 and plot the dimensionless coefficients Cy, Cy 7 Yersus Co for this pump. Cal- culate & meaningful value of specific speed, discus its usefuinss, tnd compre the result ith data of Fig. 12.18. 12.40 (In a ceruin application, «pump is required to deliver 5000 gpm against a 300- head when operating a 1200 rpm. What ‘ype af pump would you recommend? Section 12.6 Axial-Flow and Mixed-Flow Pumps 12.41. Explain how a marine propeller and an axal-flow pump are similae in the main effet they produce 12.42 (&i A certain axia-flow pump has a specific speed of N, ‘5.0 Ifthe pump is expected to deliver 3000 gpm when operat: ing against a 15-ft head, at what speed (rpm) should the pump be 12.43. (@sA certain pump is known to have a capacity of 3 m/s ‘when operating ata speed of 60 rad/s against ahead of 20m. Based ‘on the information in Fig. 12.18, would you recommend a radial- flow, mixed-flow, or axialflow pump? 12.44 (H+ Fuel oil (sp. wt = 48.0 Ib, viscosity = 2.0 x 10% b> sft) is pumped through the piping system of Fig. P1244 with velocity of 4.6 fs. The pressure 200 ft upstream from the pump is S psi Pipe losses downstream from the pump are negligible, but ‘minor losses are not (minor loss coefficients are given on the fig- ture). (a) Fora pipe diameter of 2 in, with a relative roughness e/D 001, determine the head that must be added by the pump, () For 2 pump operating speed of 1750 rpm, what type of pump (tadial-flow, mixed-flow, or axil-flow) would you recommend for this application? “ene }——2008—4 vate * uy 2to) m Figure P1244 12.45 (@a» The axil-low pump shown in Fig. 12.19 is designed to move 5000 gal/min of water over a head rise of 5 fof wate. Estimate the motor power requirement and the UVa needed to achieve this flowrate on a continuous basis, Comment on any eau- tions associated with where the pump is placed vertically in the Pipe. Section 12.7 Fans 12.46 (See Fluids in the News Anicle titled “Hi-tech Ceiling Fans” Section 12.7.) Explain why reversing the direction of rta- tion of a ceiling fan results in airflow in the opposite direction. 1247 For the fan of both Examples 5.19 and 5.28 discuss what fuid flow properties you would need to measure to estimate fan efficiency. Section 12.8 Turbines (also see Sec. 12.3) 12.48 An imward-flow radial turbine (see Fig. P12.48) involves a nozzle angle, , of 60° and an inlet rotor tip speed, U, of 3 ms m Figure P12.48 ‘Change in srt on ‘etal pump lovato tate) mead Fowaie \, | opeatine 124 The Centrifugal Pump 685 Sytem Figure 12.15 Uutzation of the system curve and the pump performance curve to ‘obtain the operating point forthe system, There is also a unique relationship between the actual pump head gained by the fluid and {he Mourate, which is governed by the pump design (as indicated by the pump performance curve) To select a pump for a particular application, determined by the system equation, The intersection of ‘he pump perfor. ‘mance curve and the system curve is the operating point. (on the same graph, as illustrated in ing point for the system, That i, thi tem equation and the pump equatior ‘we want the operating point to be ne it is necessary to utilize both the system curve, as and the pump performance curve. If both curves are plotted Fig. 12.15, their intersection (point A) represents the operat- is point gives the head and flowrate that satisfy both the sys- mn. On the same graph the pump efficiency is shown. Ideally, tear the best efficiency point (BEP) for the pump. For a given ump, it is clear that as the system equation changes, the operating point will shift. For example, if the pipe friction increases due to pipe wall fouling, the system curve changes, A shifting to point B in Fig. 12.15 with a reduction in flowrate operating resulting in the and efficiency. ‘The following example shows how the system and pump characteristics can be used to decide if 4 particular pump is suitable for a given application, F A ca Space Shuttle fuel pumps The fuel pump of your car engine is vital to its operation. Similarly, the fuels liquid hydrogen and ‘oxygen) of each Space Shuttle main engine (there ate three pet shuttle) rely on multistage surbopumps to get from storage tanks to main combustors. High pressures are utilized through- ‘out the pumps to avoid cavitation. The pumps, some centrifugal and some arial, ae driven by axial-flow, multistage turbines, GIVEN Waters to be pumped from one large, open tank to & second large, open tank as shown in Fig. E12.4a. The pipe diameter throughout is 6 in., and the total length of the pipe between the pipe entrance and exit is 200 ft. Minor loss coeff Fowate, @ @ Spier © Two pumps Figure 12.16 entect of ‘operating pumps in (a) series and o (6) in parallel Flows

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