FUNDAMENTALS OF MARTIAL ARTS Module

Module 2

 Basic Body Movement

 Poomse and kyurogi
 Boxing

Learning Outcome Based on the course Syllabus

LO2. Apply Basic movements of foundation forms through field demonstration

Learning Objectives

At the end of the module, the following learning objectives will be attained by the
students:

1. To familiarize the basic body movements

2. To demonstrate the proper basic body movements
3. To understand what is poomsae
4. To understand what is Kyurojin
5. To demonstrate Poomsae and Kyurogin
6. To explain and familiarize boxing
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Course Direct Instruction

The 14 Basic Movements of Taekwondo

Group 1

 Straight Punch. The fist starts from a chamber on the hip, and is then thrust
straight forward. Impact is made on the two big knuckles. According to the 14
basics, it should be performed from the horse stance and front stance. (All of
these punch combinations make up 3 of the original 14 movements.)
 Low block. This is the first block you learn in Taekwondo. Put your fist to your
opposite shoulder, then sweep it downward in front of the pelvis, stopping on or
just bast the same-side leg of the blocking arm.
 Front Kick. The front kick is the foundation of every kick in Taekwondo. Just
about every kick begins with the front kick chamber. All the major kicking
principles are learned here. (Also, don’t discount it as an effective self-defense
tool!)

Group 2

Knife Hand Strike. Yep, this is the karate chop. It can be down towards the outside,
with the palm facing down. Or it can be done towards the inside, with the palm facing
up. You make impact on the “meat” or “knife” of the hand. Usually targets the trachea,
side of the neck, or temple.

Back Fist Strike. Bruce Lee loved it. It’s quick and it works. It can be an outward
movement to the head, or flipping movement to the philtrum beneath the nose.

Inside block. An inward sweeping motion to protect the body by hitting attacks off to
the side.
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Side Kick. The staple of Taekwondo. People will judge your overall ability in
Taekwondo based on this ONE kick. Performed off the back leg, as a “simple” forward
kick, the side kick requires you to bring the leg all the way to your side, then to thrust it
straight forward. (While most of the other moves are easy, this one can be a challenge!)

Group 3

 Hand-blade / Double Forearm Block. An iceberg of a technique, and quite often

misunderstood. One hand blocks while the other is ready — actually, in
transition — for a follow-up strike. It can be used as a fighting guard as well as a
block.
 Face Block. Shoot your arm up at and angle, stopping it just over your brow. It
should look like a roof or a church steeple. This makes strikes glance off and
protects your head. Good for weapon defense.
 Round Kick. Arguably the most popular kick of all martial arts. Very quick and
super useful in sparring. Taekwondo has a unique method of executing the
round kick.

Boiled Down:

Learning and mastering Taekwondo is way simpler than you might think. Emphasize
these 14 moves while you practice, and you’ll reach your black belt in no time. Even
better, you’ll get good at Taekwondo FAST. To review, these are the moves you need to
focus on:

 Straight Punch
 Low Block
 Front Kick
 Knife Hand Strikes
 Back Fists
 Inside Block
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 Side Kick
 Double Forearm Block
 Face Block
 Round Kick

POOMSAE

Taegeuk (in Kukkiwon/WT Taekwondo) refers to a set of poomsae or forms used to

teach taekwondo. A form, or poomsae (also romanized as pumsae or poomse) is a
defined pattern of defense-and-attack motions. Outside of the context of taekwondo, the
word taegeuk (the Korean pronunciation of Taiji / T'ai Chi) refers to the Taoist
principle of the "unity of opposites" (yin and yang). Taegeuk can also refer to the red
and blue circle used in the flag of South Korea.

Generally all students studying Kukkiwon/WT Taekwondo must learn taegeuk forms
to advance to a higher level of belt. There are eight Taegeuk forms, each one more
complex than the last, that display the student's mastery of the techniques learned. In
order to receive a black belt, the student must generally perform all taegeuk forms
consecutively. In the early 1970s the taegeuk forms replaced the older Palgwae forms
that were previously used in Kukkiwon/WT taekwondo; some school still teach
palgwae forms.

Each Taegeuk form symbolizes a specific force of nature and is represented by trigrams
(originally derived from the I-Ching) similar to those found in the four corners of the
South Korean flag.
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The name of each taegeuk form is a three-word phrase:

 The first word, taegeuk, as previously mentioned, refers to the principle of the
"unity of opposites"
 The second word (il, ee, sam, sa, etc.) are the numbers 1 through 8 in the sino-
Korean numbering system
 The third word, jang, roughly translates from Korean as chapter or section.

Techniques Typical
Name Hangul Symbols
Introduced Belt Level

 Walking stance
☰, 天, 건  Forward stance
태극 1 장  Low block
Taegeuk (gun) The
(Taegeuk Il-  Inside block 8th geup
Il Jang heavens,
jahng)  High block
the sky
 Middle punch
 Front kick

태극 2 장
(Taegeuk Ee-
jahng) ☱, 澤, 태
Taegeuk Also
 High punch 7th geup
Ee Jang sometimes (tae)
romanized as Lake
Taegeuk Yi
Jang

Taegeuk 태극 3 장 ☲, 火, 이  Back stance 6th geup

Sam Jang (Taegeuk Sam-  Knifehand
jahng) (yi or ree) middle block
 Knifehand neck
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Also
sometimes
romanized as Fire strike
Taegeuk Sahm
Jang

태극 4 장  Double
(Taegeuk Sa- knifehand block
jahng)  Vertical
☳, 雷, 진 Fingertip
Taegeuk Thrust (i.e.,
Also 5th geup
Sa Jang (jin) Spearhand)
sometimes
Thunder  Swallowform
romanized as
Knifehand Strike
Taegeuk Sah
 Side Kick
Jang
 Backfist Strike

태극 5 장
(Taegeuk O-
jahng) ☴, 風, 손  Hammerfist
Strike
Taegeuk  Inward Elbow
Also (son or 4th geup
Oh Jang Strike
sometimes seon)
 Elbow Target
romanized as Wind
Strike
Taegeuk O
Jang

태극 6 장
(Taegeuk Yuk-
jahng) ☵, 水, 감  High Outward
Block
Taegeuk
 Low Opening
Yook Also (gam or 3rd geup
Block
Jang sometimes kam)
 Roundhouse
romanized as Water
Kick
Taegeuk Yuk
Jang

Taegeuk 태극 7 장 ☶, 山, 간  Tiger Stance 2nd geup

Chil Jang (Taegeuk Chil-  Horse Stance
jahng) (gan or  Low Double
kan) Knifehand Block
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 Supported
Palmheel Block
 Supported
Backfist Strike
 Opening Block
Mountain
 Knee Strike
 Double
Uppercut
 Target Crescent
Kick

태극 8 장
(Taegeuk Pal-
jahng) ☷, 地, 곤
 Single
Taegeuk Mountain Block
Also (gon) 1st geup
Pal Jang  Jumping Front
sometimes Ground,
Kick
romanized as earth
Taegeuk Phal
Jang
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Kyorugi

“Sparring is the nearest thing to a real fight, without actually fighting.”

Kyorugi (or sparring) is an actual fight between two competitors using the offensive
and defensive skills acquired through the practice of Taekwondo. The educational role
of sparring is to improve reflexes, respond to sudden attacks, learn to take risks, be
alert, and become a master Tactician in the art of fighting. In any sparring match,
precautions are taken to protect the participants.

On a regular basis, students learn Taekwondo from White belt to Black Belt, thereby
allowing them to develop the skill sets required during sparring.

Sparring is as real as it gets

Sparring requires us to use every one of our attributes - forcing us to sharpen our skills
and practice the skills of controlling distance, timing,

speed, agility and focus as well as cardiovascular and muscle endurance to name just a
few.

These may include wearing protective gear, declaring certain techniques and targets
off-limits, playing slowly or at a fixed speed, forbidding

certain kinds of trickery, or one of many other possibilities.These precautions have the
potential to change the nature of the skill that is being learned. For example, if one were
to always spar with heavily padded gloves, one might come to rely on techniques that
risk breaking bones in one's hand.
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Many schools recognise this problem but value sparring nonetheless because it forces
the student to improvise, to think under pressure, and

to keep their emotions under control.

Benefits Of Sparring

Sparring helps us develop a greater understanding and application of the following

skills:

 Control the Distance between us and the opponent

 How to break the opponent’s Rhythm
 Judge the Timing of the opponent and know when to hit
 Land Combinations whilst the opponent moves in any direction
 Footwork techniques to move and strike or evade a punch


THREE TYPES OF SPARRING

1. Prearranged Sparring

This is a type of sparring using predetermined set of moves. It is usually the self-
defense movements which can be grouped into the one step self-defense.
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2. Chayu Kyorugi (free sparring)

Type of free sparring governed by strict set of safety guidelines. The main elements in
Chayu Kyorugi are; will power/ tenacity, tactics/strategy, choice/decision,
fitness/stamina, strength/explosiveness, agility/quickness, technical skills,
psychological development and training philosophy.

3. Shihap Kyorugi (match/competition sparring)

Shihap Kyorugi is the part of Chayu Kyorugi that was accepted as an official event at
the 2000 Summer Olympic Games. In this Kyorugi it is mandatory for competitors to
wear headgear, trunk protector, forearm, shin and groin guards. Electronic score boards
with simultaneous scoring system are used at

National and International Games, and the rules of the World Taekwondo Federation
are followed. All the elements of Chayu Kyorugi come together to combine with the
support of the Master, Trainers, Coaches, Team mates, Family and Officials in a contest
of physical and mental abilities where opponents face each other in the ring to test
themselves and all that has went into their development.

Boxing

Boxing is a combat sport in which two people, usually wearing protective gloves, throw
punches at each other for a predetermined amount of time in a boxing ring.
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Amateur boxing is both an Olympic and Commonwealth Games sport and is a common
fixture in most international games—it also has its own World Championships. Boxing
is overseen by a referee over a series of one- to three-minute intervals called rounds.

The result is decided when an opponent is deemed incapable to continue by a referee, is

disqualified for breaking a rule, or resigns by throwing in a towel. If a fight completes
all of its allocated rounds, the victor is determined by judges' scorecards at the end of
the contest. In the event that both fighters gain equal scores from the judges,
professional bouts are considered a draw. In Olympic boxing, because a winner must be
declared, judges award the content to one fighter on technical criteria.

Active learning

All students must look for a pair and demonstrate the proper basic body movements,
Poomsae and Kyuroji
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Assessment

Exercise 1

1. Explain what is boxing minimum of 100 words

Exercise 2

1. Define what is Kyurogi

2. Define what is Poomsae

Exercise 3

1. Enumerate the types of Kyurogi

2. Enumerate poomsae

References

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boxing

http://www.iokma.in/kyorugi.html

https://taekwondo.fandom.com/wiki/Taegeuk_Poomsae

https://martialmethodology.wordpress.com/2015/01/16/the-14-basic-movements-of-
taekwondo/