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3B. QUANTUM Mechanics

Quantum mechanics is the theory describing the distribution and behavior of electrons in an atom or molecule. It uses quantum numbers like principal, azimuthal, magnetic, and spin to characterize electrons and determine electronic configurations. The quantum numbers indicate the electron's energy level, orbital type and shape, magnetic behavior, and spin direction. Rules like Pauli's exclusion principle and Hund's rule govern how electrons fill atomic and molecular orbitals.

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Meg Angela Cirunay-Decena
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77 views29 pages

3B. QUANTUM Mechanics

Quantum mechanics is the theory describing the distribution and behavior of electrons in an atom or molecule. It uses quantum numbers like principal, azimuthal, magnetic, and spin to characterize electrons and determine electronic configurations. The quantum numbers indicate the electron's energy level, orbital type and shape, magnetic behavior, and spin direction. Rules like Pauli's exclusion principle and Hund's rule govern how electrons fill atomic and molecular orbitals.

Uploaded by

Meg Angela Cirunay-Decena
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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QUANTUM

Mechanics

Prepared by: N.M. Hinaut, RPh


At the end of this lecture, the students are expected to:

v understand the basic concept and principles of Quantum


mechanics theory in application
What is “QUANTUM MECHANICS” ?
What is “QUANTUM MECHANICS” ?
Ø the distribution of electrons of an atom
or molecule in an orbitals
Ø or the shorthand method of writing the
location or where the electrons are
around a nucleus

§ Pauli's Exclusion Principle


§ Afbau's Principle
§ Hund's Rule
q meaning: 1.) no more than 2 e- can occupy the
same orbital
2.) 2 e- in the same orbital must have
opposite spins (clockwise and counter clockwise spin)
q means used to determine the electronic
configuration of an atom or ion
q “Electrons will occupy all empty orbitals in a subshell with
single electrons having parallel spin before entering half-
filled orbitals”
q degenerate orbitals are occupied first by single e- with the
“up” spin before being occupied by paired
WHAT ARE
QUANTUM NUMBERS?
QUANTUM NUMBERS
Ø set of numbers used to describe or characterize
an

1. Principal
2. Azimuthal or Angular
3. Magnetic
4. Spin
determines the
of the particle
(+ integers)
determines the 0 to (n-1) ORBITAL
of the particle shapes are:
s=0 / 2e- s= 1
p=1 / 6e p= 3
d=2 / 10e- d= 5
f =3 / 14e- f = 7

determines the
of the e- -1 to +1
clouds
determines the + 1/2 = spin is up
- 1/2 = spin is down
of the spin

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