PROJECT REPORT

ON
ROSE CULTIVATION UNDER POLYHOUSE
UNDER THE SCHEME OF NATIONAL HORTICULTURE BOARD
(MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE, GOVT. OF INDIA)

OF
SHRI SATYANARAYAN JENA
S/O SARAT CHANDRA JENA
AT: ARGUL
JATNI
DIST- KHORDA

PREPARED BY:
GREEN HARVEST AGRO PROMOTION PRIVATE LIMITED
 PROJECT AT GLANCE

NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE SHRI SATYANARAYAN JENA, AT-ARGUL, JATNI,

ENTERPRENEUR DIST-KHORDA

OBJECTIVE ROSE CULTIVATION UNDER POLYHOUSE

LOCATION ARGUL, JATNI, DIST-KHORDA

AREA 5600 SQMTRS

TYPES OF CROPS ROSE

COST OF THE PROJECT RS. 79,05,400/-

TERM LOAN RS. 50,00,000/-

SUBSIDY RS. 39,52,700/- from N.H.B.

SOIL SUITABLE FOR CROP, SANDY LOAM ( ph 5.8- 6.8)

FEASIBILITY TECHNICALLY FEASIBLE AND FINANCIALLY

VIABLE

MARKET BUY BACK ARRANGEMENTS THROUGH

AGENCIES

PAY BACK PERIOD 5 YEARS

AVERAGE D.S.C.R 3.75

BACKGROUND

Protected cultivation practices can be defined as a cropping technique wherein the micro climate

surrounding the plant body is controlled partially or fully as per the requirement of crops grown

during their period of growth. With the advancement in horticulture various types of protected

cultivation practices suitable for a specific type of agro-climatic zone have emerged. Among these

protective cultivation practices, poly green house, net house, shade house, plastic tunnel & mulching

etc. are very useful for Odisha State. Protected cultivation under different types of structures save

plants from winter and extends the cultivation session for off-season crop production.

WHY GREEN HOUSE & POLY HOUSE CULTIVATION?

After the advent of green revolution, more emphasis is laid on the quality of the agricultural product

along with the quantity of production to meet the ever-growing food and nutritional requirements.

Both these demands can be met when the environment for the plant growth is suitably controlled. The

need to protect the crops against unfavorable environmental conditions led to the development of

protected agriculture. Greenhouse is the most practical method of achieving the objectives of

protected agriculture, where natural environment is modified by using sound engineering principles to

achieve optimum plant growth and yield. Poly house cultivation has become an important policy of

Indian Agriculture. This technology can be adopted by the rural youth for more income per unit of

land.
 ROSE
A. INTRODUCTION

Depending on the species and varieties, roses have various uses. They may be used as cut flowers, and

garden plants. They may also be used in making rose oil, rose water and gulkhand. Model project is on

production of roses for use as cut flowers, which have an important place in preparation of bouquets, floral

arrangements, worship, social occasions and presentation of gifts. Measured in terms of volume of trade in

the international market cut roses rank first in popularity. Further, with the advancement in production and

marketing of cut roses and also on account of recent economic liberalization there has been an upsurge of

interest in production of cut roses in plastic green houses in India.

DUTCH ROSE CULTIVATION

Several varieties of rose like Bordo, Noblesse, Passion, Grand Gala, Gold Strike and Dutch are available in

international market. Among them Dutch varieties have a large market currently. Flowering season of rose is

November to April. Rose plants start flowering after eight weeks of planting during the flowering season.
 B. CLIMATE

0 0
Plenty of light, humid and moderate temperature ranging from 15 C to 28 C may be considered as ideal

0
conditions for roses in the tropical and subtropical climate of India. At temperature below 15 C roses can be

0
grown, but the interval between flushes become longer. At higher temperature, say above 30 C, roses can be

grown provided high humidity is maintained and evaporation is slowed down.

C. SOIL

Well drained soil rich in organic matter and oxygen is good for roses. Organic matter as high as 30 per cent

in the top 30 cm of the growing beds is preferred by many growers. The pH of the soil should be around 5 -6

and Electricity Conductivity (EC) less than 0.8 m.s. per litre (technical terms) is necessary. Red soil is

ideally suitable for Rose Cultivation.

D. BED PREPARATION

Initially, it is proposed to grow roses in Polyhouse of 5600 square meters.

E. PLANTING DISTANCE

Plant to Plant distance: 17 cm

Row to Row distance: 45 cm

Total Beds: Land Area 5600 square meters

Total Beds: 124 Beds

Planting Density: 8Plants/Meter

F. PLANTING MATERIAL

Rose plant used for plantation should be 2-3 month old and have minimum two dark green colour leaves.

Bud union of rose plant should not be covered with soil. It should be 2-3 cm above the ground level. The

sprout coming out of the union should face towards the path at the time of plantation. Rose plants are planted

in a zigzag method on the bed.

G. MANURES AND FERTILIZERS

Organic manures are required to be added so that top 30 cm of the soil has 30% organic matter content. As

manure, mainly Farm Yard Manure (FYM) will be used at the time of soil feeling, bed preparation. Neem

cake will be added for improving soil structure. Rice Husk/sand is added to improve drainage of soil for

fertigation (irrigation with liquefied fertilizers). A and B tank system consisting of two plastic tanks of 1000

litres each containing separately acidic (for A) and basic fertilizer (for B) will be used. For Rose Fertigation

water-soluble fertilizers, micro-nutrients only will be used.

 H. CULTURAL PRACTICES

For proper growth of rose plant and high production special cultural practices are to be carried out as

follows:

i). Initial plant development / mother shoot bending: If the young plant is allowed to flower immediately

after planting there is serious risk that the important structural frame work of the plant will be impaired. The

various types of plants require different treatment. First flower is pinched after one month from the date of

plantation so that 2 to 3 eyes bud will sprout on main branch to grow as branches and these branches in turn

will form buds. When the plant attains this stage of growth, the mother shoot is to be bent towards the

direction of path. This cultural operation in rose plants is done to initiate bottom break ground shoot. The

maximum leaf area is required to build up a strong root system. The mother shoot is bent nearer to the bud

joint.

ii). Plant structure development: To develop more growing points and plant structure development plays

an important role. After planting ground shoot will start growing from crown of plant. The weak ground

shoots should be bent at ground level, for forming a basic and strong frame work of plant structure for

production throughout their life cycle. The strong ground shoots should be cut at 5th five pair of leaves after

four and half months from the date of plantation. The medium ground shoots should be cut at 2nd or 3rd five

of leaves.

iii). Bending in roses: Bending helps in maintaining enough leaf area on the plants. The maximum leaf area

is required to build up a strong root system. Leaves are important for producing carbohydrates. The mass of
leaves is also known as the lungs of the plant. The growing suckers should be removed in order to check new

growth on the bended stem. The buds should be removed from the bended stem in order to check the

incidence of thrips and bud rot (botrytis). Only weak and blind shoots are selected for bending. Bending

breaks apical dominance of the plant. It is continuous process and hence carried out throughout the life cycle.

Bending should be such that the most of the stems lay below horizontal. In summer season it is generally

advised not to go for bending as it provides favorable condition for mite’s incidence.

Bending is done on 1st or 2nd five pair of leaves. One can also grow roses in green house without bending by

keeping some blind shoots on plants in standing position for extra photosynthesis and uptake of water

nutrients. While bending the stems, the care should be taken that the stem will not break and the leaves will

not touch the soil on the bed.

iv). Disbudding: Standard varieties are those with one flower on each stem. But as nearly all varieties

produce some side buds below the center bud. these side buds have to be removed. The removal of these

buds is known as disbudding. It should not be done too early or too late. If done too early it may harm leaves

and if done too late then large wounds in the upper leaf axil can take place. When bud attain pea-size and

shows slight colour then it is right time to do disbudding. For most spray varieties, the center crown bud is to

be removed. Disbudding is generally done on weak stem so that it can convert itself to thick stem and in

future cuts can be taken. Thick stem produce strong sprouts whereas then stem gives out weak sprouts
v). Pinching: Removal of unwanted vegetative growth from the axil of leaf below the terminal bud is

called pinching. This helps to get good quality flowers and buds and avoids wastage of energy in the

development of auxiliary bud if done at right stage and right time. It leads to apical dominance.

vi). Wild shoot (root stock) removal: Wild shoots are the unwanted growth that takes place at the union on

the root stock. They should be removed at the earliest as these will deplete nutrients and checks growth and

development of plant. They should not be cut but removed from its union by pressing it with thumb in order

to check its further sprouting.

vii). Support of the plants

The support system consists of bamboo / GI pipes / 'L' angles inserted on both sides of bed at the start and

end of the bed. Post are placed at intervals of 3m on both sides of the bed, along the sides of bed, fastened at

the posts at 30 cm – 40 cm intervals are 14 gauge GI wires or plastic string to support the plant. Between the

wires across the bed, thin strings can be tied to keep the width of the bed constant. Support system makes

intercultural operation easy and protects the buds from being damaged by not allowing the stems bend into

the path.

viii). Pruning: Stems are cut back leaving 4-5 nodes on the basic stock frame, removing all weak shoots and

redirecting the wayward ones. This may be practiced in a phased manner so that flowering takes place from

September to March. Generally, flowering takes place 45 days after pruning.

ix). Maintenance of beds: In green houses, roses are grown on raised beds. The fertile soil of the beds has

a tendency to collapse into the path due to hosing by pipe, weeding and hoeing, friction with spray pipe

doing spray etc. hence maintenance of beds is to be done by adding fresh soil to bed or by shifting fertile soil

from path to bed.

x). Weeding and loosening of the soil: This is done with the help of long handed weeding hook (khurpi).

This operation is helpful for removal of weeds, breaking the top layer of algae and to facilitate better air

circulation in soil. This is to be done very carefully otherwise it may damage active roots.
xi). Application of bud caps: Bud caps are generally placed on the bud when they are of pea size. This

helps to increase the bud size and shape to meet customer demand.

xii) . Removal of Dieback:- As the crop gets older (aged) dieback appear in the crop due to use of infected

secateurs or wrong pruning practice or hard pruning. Due to which stem starts drying from place of cut

towards bottom of the plant.

It should be removed from the crop time to time to keep the crop healthy. The secateurs should be dipped in

bavistin solution to make it disinfectant every day before starting and after harvest respectively.

I. IRRIGATION

Rose plant require a lot of water, at least 6mm/day i.e. 60cum/ha/day. A drainage line may be laid below the

beds for disposal of excess water. The Irrigation system will consist of Sand and Disc filters station and other

accessories-pumps, tapes, etc.

The Irrigation system will consist of:

Drip Lines per bed: 2 Lines

Mister Line per bed: 1 Line

Spacing between Two drippers: 40 cms

Discharge of Drippers: 2 Litres/Hour

Distance between Two misters: 1 Meter

 J. PEST and DISEASES

The principal diseases of rose are

i. Downy Mildew

ii. Powdery Mildew

iii. Botrytis

iv. Pruning Dieback

v. Black leaf Spot

Major insect pests of the rose are

i. Red Spider Mite

ii. Leaf Roller

iii. Aphids

iv. Thrips

v. White Fly

CONTROL

The preventive spray programme with a volume of 1500 litres/spray at an average interval of once in a

week is suggested. The chemicals could be as under.

 Dithane M-45 0.6 gm/litre

 Metasystox 1.25 ml/litre

 Karathane 1.00 ml/litre

 K. HARVESTING

Roses should attain the right stage for harvesting. If cut too early, flowers miss reserve food and therefore,

may not develop into full flowers. If cut too late, longevity diminishes. As such, roses should be cut just as

the buds are opening, after the sepals have almost fully curled up and the colour is fully visible. In small

flowered varieties and Floribundas, the flowers are cut just when they begin to open the cluster. The cutting

may be done in the evening or early morning with long stem. The lower end of cut stems are immediately

placed in clean plastic buckets containing a clean solution of 500 ppm citric acid or in chrysal - RVB.

Thereafter, the buckets containing cut roses are brought to the grading and packing Shed/Hall.

Harvesting Stages
S.No Particulars Place of cutting Month from date of
plantation
1 Ground shoot cutting At 5th five pair of leaves from 3 to 3.5
bottom of plant
2 First harvesting 2nd or 3rd five pair of leaves from 4.5 to 5
first cut
3 Second / Regular 2nd or 3rd five pair of leaves from 6th month onwards
harvesting first cut daily harvesting

The rose should be cut with the help of sharp cut and hold secateurs. Ground shoot cutting should be done on

5th five pair of leaf then one or two eye buds sprout from lower leaves below the cut. These sprouts will

grow into flowers in the period of 35 to 50 days. This varies from variety to variety. Later on the first harvest

should be taken on 2nd or 3rd five pair of the leaves above the first cut. During summer season or when there

is less leaf area on plant it is always advisable to take cut on 3rd five pair of leaves above the first cut.
Always bend thin stems and take cut on 3rd five pair of leaves above the first cut. Always bend thin stems

and take cut on thick stems to get strong shoots.

The regular harvesting is done on 2nd five pair of leaves. Sometimes under cutting is also practiced as it is an

important technique to keep rose plants at reasonable height. Harvesting cut should be sharp and inclined

direction for avoiding the deposition of water or spray solution. When the temperature is low in the green

house harvesting is done only once i.e. during early morning hours. When there is high day temperature it is

necessary to take second harvesting in later afternoon. Cut stages of roses play an important role in

harvesting. Cut stages of roses for export is stage 0 and 1 whereas cut stage is 2 and 3 for domestic market.

L. YIELD

Average yield of roses is 30 to 35 stem/ plant per year.

M.GRADING

Flowers should be graded into different classes according to their qualities. Grading is done on a mechanical

grader or by hand grading tables or work stations.

N. PACKAGING

Packing comprises three steps: bunching, wrapping and packing.

The heads of roses are evened up and their stem tied with a rubber band into bunches in 10s, 20s, 25s, or 50s

depending on the ultimate market. They are cut so that all the stems are of the same length. The bunches are

placed in preservative solution and may be shifted to the cold store.

They are brought back to the packing hall and the buds are wrapped and bunches are sleeved in transport

polyethylene. The wrap is a 15-20 cm. wide plastic strip which acts as a cushion for the buds.

Many different cardboard boxes are used for packing. For long term transport it is best to use telescopic style
boxes made of corrugated fiber board. The size could be 100 cm x 45 cm x 22 cm. There may be 400 to 1000

stems per box and weight may vary from 14 to 18 kg/box. Depending on the market, the box is either filled

with one variety, one grade, or mixed colour one grade.

PROMOTER’S DETAILS

Name Father’s Name Age Address

SATYANARAYAN JENA SARAT CHANDRA JENA 47 yrs. AT-ARGUL, JATNI, DIST-

KHORDA

PROMOTER'S BACKGROUND : The above promoter is hailing from a reputed family. He is very much

interested for setting up an advance Poly House project at Argul, Jatni, Dist – Khorda. He has already

invested a substantial amount in this project. The promoter has good experience in trading of agricultural

commodities and has good knowledge of agricultural practices. The promoter is financially sound and he can

run the unit successfully. He is much interested to implement new technology like Drip Irrigation, Protected

Cultivation etc. time to time. The project is technically feasible & financially viable.

LOCATION & AGRO CLIMATE:-This is a proposed Poly House Project being set up Mouza: - Argul,

Jatni, Dist – Khorda. The area is all weather communication. The district of Khorda enjoys good climate. In

summers the temperature ranges from 38°C - 45°C. The months of April, May and June are particularly

oppressively hot. The region receives abundant rainfall in the monsoon months. The winters start in

November and continue up to January. Winters can be exceedingly cold with temperature dropping to7°C -

10°C at times. The climate is best suitable for Vegetable cultivation and floriculture.

LOCATIONAL ADVANTAGE:
 Suitable Location, such as proximity to raw material and market.

 Power, Water & Labor is available in the location.

 Surrounding area is developed.

 Connected with all-weather good condition road.

 Telephone and Mobile facility is available.

SOIL: SoiI of the place is having good drainage, adequate fertility and moisture. Deep, rich loamy soil with

pH between 5.8 - 6.8 is most preferred for Rose cultivation. The soil is sandy loam having well drainage

facility for soil irrigation and growth. The pH of soil is however neutral for availability of suitable plant

nutrients. The soil can pulverized with FYM, Bio-fertilizer & other soil organic conditioner, Orimeal,

Sterameal &Vermicompost, solarization of the soil during month of May is the bare need for natural

sterilization against prevention of fatal diseases & pests. Green manure is basis concept for development of

physical structure of the soil as well as aeration & fixation of bacteria from the atmosphere of nitrogenous &

phosphorus.

TECHNICAL KNOW-HOW & SUPERVISION: The project will be guided & supervised by the

Technical Experts time to time.

SUBSIDY: The back ended subsidy 50% of the project cost will be given by National Horticulture Board

(NHB) after the completion of the project. In this context, one In Principle of Approval (IPA) will be issued

& communicated to concerned bank for subsidy purpose after getting term loan sanctioned from the bank.

ESTIMATED COST, MEANS OF FINANCE AND FINANCIAL ANALYSIS:

The details of estimated cost, means of finance, economics and financial viability is worked out for

Naturally Ventilated Polyhouse as follows:

ASSUMPTIONS
 TECHNICAL PARAMETERS

A. Rate for the items viz. Polyhouse, micro irrigation system(drip) and land preparation are taken as

prescribed under NHB guideline

B. Cost of planting material @ Rs 28/- per seedling (the life of rose plant being 7-8 years).

C. Production of rose cut flowers 11,76,000 units per year @ 25 pieces per plant

D. Sale price per cut flower is taken at the modest Rs. 3.25 per piece taking into consideration the lean

periods whereas the flower normally sells around Rs. 5 per piece in the wholesale market.

E. The repayment period of the term loan is taken as 5 years after a initial moratorium of 1 year.

F. Depreciation on fixed assets is calculated and shown separately on plant and machinery and building

and depreciation on land development ETC all being permanent structure no depreciation is charged

on them but only repair and maintenance costs are added to the profit and loss account.

G. Insurance for the erected structure can be done with any insurance company regulated by the

government of India.

H. Taking inflation into account, the project cost has been increased year by year in the following

manner.

AVERAGE SALE PRICE   RS. 3.25 - RS. 3.50

FERTIGATION COST   INCREASING 3% P.A
PESTICIDE COST   INCREASING 3% P.A
ELECTRICITY RS. 12000/- PER MONTH INCREASING 5% P.A

PACKAGING COST TOTAL CUT FLOWERS 1050000

  CAPACITY OF ONE BOX 600

INCREASING 2% P.A.
  TOTAL NO. OF BOXES REQUIRED 1750

  COST PER BOX RS. 75/-

  PACKAGING COST RS. 131250/-
TRANSPORATION COST PER BOX RS. 85/-
INCREASING 2% P.A.
  FOR 1750 BOX 148750/-

INSURANCE AND REPAIR

    INCREASING 3% P.A.
COST

RECOMMENDATION:
Taking the growing consumer market into account and also considering the positive financial indicators

like

1. High margin of profit

2. High DSCR

We feel optimistic about the success of the project. The project is technically feasible and financially

viable. Therefore we recommend the project.

Project prepared by

G.C. Bastia
Project Consultant
GREEN HARVEST AGRO PROMOTION PRIVATE LIMITED