USER MANUAL

IP-KVM 1001
KVM over IP Switch

User Manual

Rev: 1.0

April 30th, 2009

Copyright & Disclaimers
©Opengear Inc. 2009. All Rights Reserved.

Information in this document is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on
the part of Opengear. Opengear provides this document “as is,” without warranty of any kind, expressed or
implied, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of fitness or merchantability for a particular
purpose.

Opengear may make improvements and/or changes in this manual or in the product(s) and/or the
program(s) described in this manual at any time. This product might include technical inaccuracies or
typographical errors. Changes are periodically made to the information herein; these changes may be
incorporated in new editions of the publication.

For Warranty & Support information please refer Appendix G

Notice to Users
Proper back-up systems and necessary safety devices should be utilized to protect against injury, death or
property damage due to system failure. Such protection is the responsibility of the user.

This device is not approved for use as a life-support or medical system.

Any changes or modifications made to this device without the explicit approval or consent of Opengear will
void Opengear of any liability or responsibility of injury or loss caused by any malfunction.

This equipment is for indoor use and all the communication wirings are limited to inside of the building.

Manual Conventions
This manual uses different fonts and typefaces to show specific actions:

Note Text presented like this indicates issues to take note of

Text presented like this highlights important issues and it is essential you read
and take head of these warnings

Text presented with an arrow head indent indicates an action you should take as part of the
procedure

Publishing history
Date Revision Update details
April 2009 1.0 Initial release document

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 INDEX

1. Product Overview ............................................................................................................... 6

1.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 6
1.2 Main features ................................................................................................................ 6
2. Installation and Start Up ..................................................................................................... 8
2.1 Package checklist ........................................................................................................... 8
2.2 Product Views ............................................................................................................... 8
2.3 LED indicators and Reset button .................................................................................. 10
2.4 System requirements ................................................................................................... 10
2.5 Hardware installation .................................................................................................. 11
2.6 Cabling the connection to stand-alone computers ....................................................... 11
2.6.1 Stand alone PS/2 ...................................................................................................... 12
2.6.2 Stand alone USB ....................................................................................................... 14
2.6.3 Cascaded connection ................................................................................................ 16
2.7 Cabling the connection to a multi-port KVM switch ..................................................... 17
2.8 When the server is up and running .............................................................................. 19
2.9 When the server is dead .............................................................................................. 19
3. Configuration .................................................................................................................... 20
3.1 Initial IP configuration using psetup ............................................................................. 20
3.1.1 Reset the Super User password ............................................................................. 20
3.1.2 Set up a fixed IP ..................................................................................................... 21
3.1.3 Enable DHCP.......................................................................................................... 21
3.2 Initial IP configuration using a web browser ................................................................ 23
3.3 Initial IP configuration using the serial console ............................................................ 24
3.4 Keyboard, mouse and video configuration ................................................................... 25
3.4.1 IP-KVM keyboard settings ...................................................................................... 25
3.4.2 Remote Mouse Settings ......................................................................................... 25
3.4.3 Automatic mouse speed and mouse synchronization ............................................ 26
3.4.4 Host system mouse settings .................................................................................. 26
3.4.5 Single and Double Mouse Mode ............................................................................ 27
3.4.6 Recommended Mouse Settings ............................................................................. 27
3.4.7 Video Modes ......................................................................................................... 27
4. Usage ................................................................................................................................ 28
4.1 Prerequisites ............................................................................................................... 28
4.1.1 Browser ................................................................................................................. 28
4.2 Logging in and out ....................................................................................................... 29
4.2.1 Log in to the IP-KVM .............................................................................................. 29
4.2.2 Log out from the IP-KVM ....................................................................................... 31
4.3 The Remote Console.................................................................................................... 32
4.3.1 Main Window of Remote Console ......................................................................... 32
4.3.2 Control Bar of Remote Console .............................................................................. 33
4.3.3 Status Line of Remote Console .............................................................................. 43
5. Menu Options ................................................................................................................... 44
5.1 Remote Control ........................................................................................................... 44
5.1.1 KVM Console ......................................................................................................... 45
5.1.2 Telnet/SSH Console................................................................................................ 45
5.2 Virtual Media .............................................................................................................. 48
5.2.1 Drive Redirection ................................................................................................... 49
5.2.2 Virtual Drive .......................................................................................................... 50
5.2.3 CD/DVD Image....................................................................................................... 51
5.2.4 Floppy Disk ............................................................................................................ 56
5.2.5 Creating an Image.................................................................................................. 58
5.2.5.1 Creating a Floppy Image ............................................................................ 58
5.2.5.2 Creating a CD/DVD ISO Image ................................................................... 59

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 5.2.6 Making a Drive Redirection.................................................................................... 60
5.3 User Management ....................................................................................................... 64
5.3.1 Change Password .................................................................................................. 64
5.3.2 Users and Groups .................................................................................................. 65
5.4 KVM Settings ............................................................................................................... 66
5.4.1 User Console ......................................................................................................... 66
5.4.2 Keyboard/Mouse ................................................................................................... 70
5.4.3 Video ..................................................................................................................... 71
5.5 Device Settings ............................................................................................................ 72
5.5.1 Network ................................................................................................................ 72
5.5.2 Dynamic DNS ......................................................................................................... 75
5.5.3 Security ................................................................................................................. 77
5.5.4 Certificate .............................................................................................................. 79
5.5.5 Serial Port .............................................................................................................. 82
5.5.6 Date / Time ........................................................................................................... 84
5.5.7 Event Log ............................................................................................................... 86
5.5.8 Authentication....................................................................................................... 88
5.5.9 USB ....................................................................................................................... 91
5.5.10 Config File .......................................................................................................... 91
5.5.11 Authentication ................................................................................................... 92
5.6 Maintenance ............................................................................................................... 94
5.6.1 Device Information ................................................................................................ 94
5.6.2 Event log ............................................................................................................... 95
5.6.3 Update Firmware................................................................................................... 96
5.6.4 Unit Reset.............................................................................................................. 98
5.6.5 Reset to Factory Defaults ....................................................................................... 99
6. Addendum ...................................................................................................................... 102
A. Key Codes ........................................................................................................................ 102
B. Video Modes ................................................................................................................... 103
C. User Role Permissions...................................................................................................... 103
D. Bandwidth Consumption ................................................................................................. 104
E. Pin-outs of RJ45-DB9F Cable ............................................................................................ 104
F. TCP/UDP Port Numbers .................................................................................................... 105
G. Protocol Glossary ............................................................................................................ 105
H. Regulation Information.................................................................................................... 106
I. Service and warranty ........................................................................................................ 107

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 Figures
Figure 2-1 Product View ...............................................................................................................9
Figure 2-2 Panel View ................................................................................................................. 10
Figure 2-3 3-in-1 Integrated Adapting Local Cable ...................................................................... 10
Figure 2-4 Serial Cable ................................................................................................................ 10
Figure 2-5 Cable Connections (stand-alone, PS/2) ...................................................................... 13
Figure 2-6 Cable Connections (stand-alone, USB) ....................................................................... 15
Figure 2-7 Cable Connections (stand-alone, PS/2) ...................................................................... 16
Figure 2-8 Cable Connections (with a Multi-port KVM Switch).................................................... 18
Figure 4-1 The Internet Explorer displaying the encryption key length ....................................... 29
Figure 4-2 Remote Console Control Bar ...................................................................................... 33
Figure 4-3 Remote Console Options Menu ................................................................................. 34
Figure 4-4 Remote Console Exclusive Mode ............................................................................... 35
Figure 4-5 Remote Console Options Menu:Scaling ..................................................................... 36
Figure 4-6 Remote Console Options Menu:Cursor ...................................................................... 37
Figure 4-7 Video Settings Panel .................................................................................................. 38
Figure 4-8 Soft Keyboard ............................................................................................................ 39
Figure 4-9 Soft Keyboard Mapping ............................................................................................. 39
Figure 4-10 Remote Console Confirmation Dialog ...................................................................... 40
Figure 4-11 Encoding Compression ............................................................................................ 41
Figure 4-12 Predefined Compression.......................................................................................... 42
Figure 4-13 Lossy Compression .................................................................................................. 42
Figure 4-14 Encoding Color depth .............................................................................................. 43
Figure 4-15 Status line ................................................................................................................ 43
Figure 4-16 Status line transfer rate ........................................................................................... 43
Figure 5-1 KVM Console ............................................................................................................. 45
Figure 5-2 Telnet Console ........................................................................................................... 47
Figure 5-3 Options of Drive Redirection...................................................................................... 50
Figure 5-4 USB mass storage option ........................................................................................... 51
Figure 5-5 Virtual Media - CD-ROM Image .................................................................................. 51
Figure 5-6 Explorer Context Menu .............................................................................................. 53
Figure 5-7 Share Configuration Dialog ........................................................................................ 54
Figure 5-8 Virtual Media - Floppy Disk ........................................................................................ 56
Figure 5-9 RawWrite for Windows selection dialog .................................................................... 58
Figure 5-10 Nero selection dialog ............................................................................................... 59
Figure 5-11 Built-in Java Drive Redirection ................................................................................. 60
Figure 5-12 Setting Password ..................................................................................................... 64
Figure 5-13 User Console Setting ................................................................................................ 68
Figure 5-14 Keyboard and Mouse Settings ................................................................................. 70
Figure 5-15 Video Settings.......................................................................................................... 71
Figure 5-16 Network Settings ..................................................................................................... 73
Figure 5-17 Dynamic DNS ........................................................................................................... 75
Figure 5-18 Dynamic DNS Scenario............................................................................................. 76
Figure 5-19 Device Security ........................................................................................................ 77
Figure 5-20 Chain Rules of IP Filtering ........................................................................................ 78
Figure 5-21 IP Filter Settings ....................................................................................................... 79
Figure 5-22 Certificate Settings .................................................................................................. 80
Figure 5-23 SSL Certificate Upload.............................................................................................. 82
Figure 5-24 CSR string ................................................................................................................ 82
Figure 5-25 Serial Port ................................................................................................................ 83
Figure 5-26 Date / Time.............................................................................................................. 85
Figure 5-27 Event Log ................................................................................................................. 86
Figure 5-28 Device Information .................................................................................................. 94
Figure 5-29 Connected Users...................................................................................................... 95
Figure 5-30 Event Log List........................................................................................................... 95
Figure 5-31 Update Firmware..................................................................................................... 96
Figure 5-32 Unit Reset ................................................................................................................ 99

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 1. Product Overview

1.1 Introduction
Opengear’s KVM-over-IP switch (referred to generically in this manual as the IP-KVM) redirects local
keyboard, mouse and video data to a remote administration console. It allows you to control one
or many computers locally at the server site or remotely via the Internet using a standard browser.
You can securely gain BIOS level access to systems for maintenance, support, or failure recovery
over the Internet. Communication is secured via SSL authentication and encryption. The IP-KVM
can also be used in conjunction with a KVM switch for multiple-server access.

The IP-KVM provides convenient remote KVM access and control via LAN or Internet. It captures,
digitizes and compresses video signal and transmits it with keyboard and mouse signals to and
from a remote computer. IP-KVM provides a non-intrusive solution for remote access and control.
Remote access and control software runs on its embedded processor only but not on
mission-critical servers, so that there is no interference with server operation or impact on
network performance.

1.2 Main features

• Manage servers around the world
• Remote KVM (keyboard, video, and mouse) access over IP network or over a modem link
• Local console port for direct analogous access to KVM switch
• Combo (PS2 + USB) Local Console interfaces
• Dual LAN port for Remote Console and easy cascaded wiring
• Dual USB port for Local Console
• Full control under any OS at BIOS level, during boot, or at Blue Screens
• No additional software necessary on client console side
• Remote mass storage control and redirection
• Remote control over Java-enabled browsers
• SSL Secure access through certificate authentication and data encryption
• SSL 256-bit encryption of all transmitted data
• RSA 2048-bit encryption
• Auto-optimize the frame rate and video quality according to the bandwidth availability
• Automatically senses video resolution for best possible screen capture
• High-performance mouse tracking and synchronization
• Interwork with most of KVM switches

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 • Firmware update via web interface
• Rack mountable

Feature Description
1x Attached 3-in-1 integrated cable and K/V/M connectors (HDDB15 male plus two
mini din 6-pin PS/2 connectors)
Target Server Side
1x USB 2.0 mini receptacle
1x RJ-45 Serial Port
1x 3-in-1 VGA connector (HDDB15 female)
Local Console Side
2x USB type-A connectors
Remote Console Side 2x Standard RJ-45 Connectors (LAN ports)
LED Indicators 2x LEDs: Power (red), Ready (green)
Push Button 1x Reset push button
up to 2048 x 1536 @60Hz (Local Console)
Video Resolution
up to 1600 x 1200 @60Hz (Remote Console)
Protocols TCP, IP, ARP, ICMP, HTTP/HTTPS, SSL, Telnet, DHCP, PPP, SMTP, NTP, DDNS
AES 256-bit encryption for all transmitted data
Security RSA 2048-bit encryption for authentication
SSHv2
Authentication SSL / Certificate, RADIUS, LDAP
Floppy/CD/DVD/USB/HD drive redirection
Virtual Media
Floppy/CD/DVD/ISO Image redirection
DC Power 12VDC, 1A
Operation Temperature 0 ~ 50 ℃ (32 ~ 122 ℉)
Humidity 0~80% RH
Housing Metal
Dimension (mm) 103 x 87 x 28.5
Weight 1000g

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 2. Installation and Start Up

Introduction

This chapter overviews the general installation and configuration of your IP-KVM and steps through
in detail the physical installation and connection to controlled devices

2.1 General installation and configuration steps

Step 1 Check kit contents (refer Chapter 2.2)
Step 2 IP-KVM installation and connection to the target server and network (refer Chapter
2.5 - 2.7)
Step 3 Configure the IP-KVM network settings (refer Chapter 3.1 - 3.3)
Step 4 Configuring the KVM settings for the Target Server and IP-KVM (refer Chapter 3.4)

2.2 Package checklist

The IP-KVM package consists of the followings items:
 The IP-KVM unit
 CD-ROM (software utilities and user manual)
 Quick Start Guide
 DC power supply adapter
 3-in-1 Integrated Adapting Local Cable
 USB A-mini cable
 Serial cable (RJ45 to DB9F)
 Rack mounting kit (with brackets and screws)
 Footpads set

2.3 Product Views

The IP-KVM has an attached 3-in-1 Integrated Host Cable to simplify cable connection. Similarly the
dual LAN ports provides flexibility of cascaded wiring and the palm size form factor enables flexible
installation.

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 Figure 2-1 Product View

USB (Host)
3-in-1 Integrated KVM Cable (Host)
Reset
Power Jack Serial Port

3-in-1 Integrated Dual LAN Port for

Adapting Cable for Local Console
LEDs
Local Console Dual USB2.0 Port for
Local Console or general
purpose USB devices
 Figure 2-2 Panel View

Figure 2-3 3-in-1 Integrated Adapting Local Cable

Figure 2-4 Serial Cable

2.4 LED indicators and Reset button

LED Indication
Power RED – on when power applied
Ready Green -- blinking per second when system is ready
Ethernet Link/Act/10/100Mbps:
Orange -- 10BaseT Ethernet connection established
<Ethernet> Green -- 100BaseT Ethernet connection established
Blinking: data in activity
ON: no data in activity and link connected
A recessed RESET button is located on the rear panel. Press the button to reboot the
IP-KVM unit

2.5 System requirements

Hardware
Item Description
Local Host side One Computer or Server or the console port of the KVM switch

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 Local console side One PS/2 or USB Keyboard and Mouse, and one Monitor
Remote Console side One Computer or Multiple Computers are linked into the network

Software
Item Description
Local Host side <No additional software necessary>
(1) Java Runtime Environment (see Note)
Remote Console side (2) Browser: Microsoft Internet Explorer (v6.0 or above), Netscape,
Mozilla, Safari, Firefox, Avant, World, Opera, and others.

Note The Remote Console browser needs to JRE (Java Runtime Environment) v5.0 (version 1.5) or above.
You can get the Java Software from the website http://www.java.com/en/download/.
It’s recommended to install newer Java version (e.g. version 6 update 11 or above) for better
performance.

2.6 Hardware installation

The IP-KVM can be placed on the desktop or rack mounted on a 19”/1U rack:

Screw the mounting brackets into the side of the unit at the front, as shown below

Slide the unit into the rack and secure it to the rack

2.7 Cabling the connection to stand-alone computers

When connecting cables ensure the IP-KVM and host computer are powered off

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2.6.1 Stand alone PS/2
To cable connect to a stand-alone host computer with PS/2 style keyboard and mouse:

Connect the VGA and PS/2 connectors of the attached 3-in-1 Integrated Host Cable to the
Host computer

Connect the 3-in-1 Integrated Adapting Cable to the Local DB-15 connector of IP-KVM

Connect the monitor to the Adapting Cable

Connect the keyboard to the Adapting Cable

Connect the mouse to the Adapting Cable

Connect one end of Ethernet cable to LAN1 or LAN 2 jack of IP-KVM, and the other end to
the Remote Console computer

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 Figure 2-5 Cable Connections (stand-alone, PS/2)

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The IP-KVM cabling should now be connected to the Host and Console devices as shown in Figure
2.5 above. Leave the Serial interface open for now. Optionally connect the USB connectors of USB
A-mini cable to the Host computer and the IP-KVM (for remote mass storage control).

Apply power to the Host and IP-KVM. It will take about 60 seconds to complete its startup
processes and enter normal running state

2.6.2 Stand alone USB

To cable connect to a stand-alone host computer with USB keyboard /mouse:

Connect the VGA of the attached 3-in-1 Integrated Host Cable to the Host computer

Connect the USB connectors of USB A-mini cable to the host computer and the IP-KVM
module while for remote mass storage control

Connect the 3-in-1 Integrated Adapting Cable to the Local DB-15 connector of IP-KVM

Connect the monitor to the Adapting Cable

Connect the USB keyboard to the USB2 or USB1 connector

Connect the USB mouse to the USB1 or USB2 connector

Connect one end of Ethernet cable to LAN1 or LAN 2 jack of IP-KVM, and the other end to
the Remote Console computer (over your IP network)

Figure 2.6 below depicts the installation cable connections:

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 Figure 2-6 Cable Connections (stand-alone, USB)

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2.6.3 Cascaded connection

The IP-KVM has a built-in Ethernet hub so it is simple to cascade multiple IP-KVM devices to
control multiple host computers:

Figure 2-7 Cable Connections (stand-alone, PS/2)

Install cable connections between each stand-alone IP-KVM and Host computer (as
described in 2.6.1 and 2.6.2)

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With straight or cross-over Ethernet cables interconnect the IP-KVM devices using LAN1 or
LAN2 sockets

Connect one end of the Ethernet cable to LAN1 or LAN 2 jack of one of the IP-KVM devices
and the other end to the Remote Console computer

2.8 Cabling the connection to a multi-port KVM switch

As well as connecting to a standalone computer the IP-KVM host side can alternately be connected
to a multi-port KVM switch.

The installation procedures are as for stand-alone computer, except that the host signals are
connected to the PS/2 Local Console of the KVM Switch.

Figure 2.8 below depicts the cable connections:

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 Figure 2-8 Cable Connections (with a Multi-port KVM Switch)

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2.9 When the server is up and running
The IP-KVM gives you a full control over the remote server. The Management Console allows you
to access the remote server’s graphics, keyboard and mouse and to send special commands to the
server. You can also perform periodic maintenance of the server. Using the Console Redirection
Service, you are able to do the following:
- Reboot the system
- Watch the boot process.
- Boot the system from a separate partition to load the diagnostic environment.
- Run special diagnostic programs

2.10 When the server is dead

Obviously fixing hardware defects is not possible through a remote management device.
Nevertheless IP-KVM gives the administrator valuable information about the type of a hardware
failure that has occurred so they can initiate appropriate recovery action:

Type of failure Detected by

Hard disk failure Console screen, CMOS set-up information
Power cable detached, power supply Server remains in power off state after power on
failure command has been given.
CPU Controller, main board failure. Power supply is on, but there is no video output.
CPU fan failure By server specific management software
RAM failure Boot-Sequence on boot console

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 3. Configuration

Introduction
This chapter provides step-by-step instructions for the initial network configuration and the keyboard,
video and mouse communications settings. The IP-KVM can be set up:

 Over the network using the psetup tool

 Over the network using a web browser

 Over a serial connection using a terminal (emulator)

3.1 Initial IP configuration using psetup

The factory default settings for the IP-KVM unit are:
DHCP: Disable
Default IP address: 192.168.0.70
Default Net Mask: 255.255.255.0
If this initial configuration does not meet your local requirements you can use the psetup setup
tool to change the configuration to suit your needs. You can be find psetup on your IP-KVM
CD-ROM. The psetup tool can locate all the IP-KVM units on your IP network and set their network
configuration (IP address, subnet mask, DHCP etc).

3.1.1 Reset the Super User password

Make sure to change the super user password immediately after you have
installed and accessed your IP-KVM for the first time. Not changing this
password for the super user is a severe security risk and might result in
unauthorized access to the IP-KVM and to the host system

Click Refresh Devices and psetup will detect any network connected IP-KVM devices and
display them by their MAC addresses

You can click Query Device and it will show the current IP configuration of the selected
MAC address device (i.e. IP address 192.168.0.70)

Enter the Super User login name. The initial name is super with all lower case characters

Enter the current Super User password. This initial value is pass again all lower case

Enter a New Super User password and re-type the New password confirmation

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Note The IP-KVM accepts 32 letters of username and password

Press the OK button to accept these changes. This will close the window and you will need
to reload psetup

3.1.2 Set up a fixed IP

The psetup tool can configure the IP-KVM with a fixed IP address:

Click Refresh Devices and psetup will detect any network connected IP-KVM devices and
display them by their MAC addresses

For Authentication enter the Super User login name (super) and the new Super User
password

Set IP auto configuration as “None” and enter the new IP address and Subnet mask (and
optionally enter the IP address of the Gateway for the network segment)

Click Setup Device. If super login was authenticated, it’ll show Successfully configured
device. Otherwise it’ll show Permission Denied

3.1.3 Enable DHCP

Alternately you can use psetup to set the IP-KVM in DHCP mode:

Click Refresh Devices and log as the Super User

Set IP auto configuration as DHCP

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Click Setup Device. Once enabled, the IP-KVM will try to contact a DHCP server in the
subnet to which it is physically connected. If a DHCP server is found, it may provide a valid
IP address, gateway address and net mask

Before you connect the device to your local subnet, be sure to complete the corresponding
configuration of your DHCP server. It is recommended to configure a fixed IP assignment to
the MAC address of the IP-KVM. You can find the MAC address labeled on the bottom side
of the metal housing

If you have installed the IP-KVM on a network with DHCP enabled when you plug the Ethernet
cable to IP-KVM it will be assigned an IP address via DHCP. You can use psetup to find out this IP:

Click Refresh Devices button to detect connected IP-KVM devices and select MAC address
of the IP-KVM in Device MAC address box. You can find the MAC address labeled on the
bottom side of the IP-KVM unit. MAC address is detected as connection from computer and
IP-KVM is valid through USB or network

Click Query Device to find the IP configuration of the selected IP-KVM unit

Note You can nominate IP addresses to be assigned by BOOTP or DHCP. BOOTP is a static
configuration protocol that uses a table to maps IP addresses to physical addresses. DHCP is an
extension to BOOTP that dynamically assigns configuration information.

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3.2 Initial IP configuration using a web browser
The factory default settings for the IP-KVM unit are:

DHCP: Disable

Default IP address: 192.168.0.70

Default Net Mask: 255.255.255.0

Using your favorite web browser you can access the IP-KVM from the Remote Console computer that you
have IP connected to LAN1 (or LAN2):

Enter https://192.168.0.70 (for a secure SSL connection) or http://192.168.0.70 (for an insecure

connection)

Note Your web browser must be enabled to accept cookies, or else login is not possible



This will lead you to the IP-KVM login page as shown below:

Log in using the default system user name super and the default password pass
When connecting to the IPK-KVM unit, the IPK-KVM system (web server, Telnet server or SSH
server) will prompt user to enter the user name and password in order to access to the system.
If this is the first time logging in, log in with the factory default username and password, you will
be prompted to change the default password.

Make sure to change the super user password immediately after you have
installed and accessed your IP-KVM for the first time. Not changing this
password for the super user is a severe security risk and might result in
unauthorized access to the IP-KVM and to the host system

The IP-KVM home page will display

Select Device Settings: Network and under Network Basic Settings you can set new IP
address or enable DHCP/BOOTP

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Click Apply

Note: To configure using the web browser, the Remote Console computer must have an IP address in the
same network range as the IP-KVM (i.e.it must have an address 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.0.255). If
setting up the Remote Console computer in this range is not convenient you can as an alternate set
the IP-KVM IP address using the psetup program or using a serial console

3.3 Initial IP configuration using the serial console

The IP-KVM has a serial line interface (host side) which can be accessed using a serial terminal (or
terminal emulator). This connector is compliant with the RS-232 serial line standard and is
configured as shown below:
Parameter Value
Bits/second 115200
Data bits 8
Parity No
Stop bits 1
Flow Control None

When configuring the IP with a serial terminal (such as Hyper Terminal):

Reset the IP-KVM and immediately press the ESC key. You will see some device information,
and a => prompt

Enter config then press Enter key and wait for a few seconds for the configuration
questions to appear

As you proceed the following questions will appear on the screen. To accept the default
values shown in square brackets below, press Enter key:

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 IP auto configuration: None
IP address: [192.168.0.70]
Net mask: [255.255.255.0]
Gateway: [0.0.0.0] -- (0.0.0.0 for none)

IP auto-configuration: With this option you can specify whether the IP-KVM should
get its network settings from a DHCP or BOOTP server. For DHCP, enter dhcp and for
BOOTP enter bootp. If you do not specify any of these, the IP auto-configuration is
disabled and subsequently you will be asked for the following network settings

IP address: The IP address the IP-KVM. This option is only available if IP

auto-configuration is disabled

Net mask: The net mask of the connected IP subnet. This option is only available if
IP auto-configuration is disabled

Gateway address: The IP address of the default router for the connected IP subnet.
If you do not have a default router, enter 0.0.0.0. This option is only available if IP
auto-configuration is disabled

3.4 Keyboard, mouse and video configuration

Between the IP-KVM and the Host there are two interfaces available for transmitting keyboard and
mouse data (USB and PS/2). The correct operation of the remote mouse depends on several
settings which will be discussed in the following subsections.

3.4.1 IP-KVM keyboard settings

The IP-KVM settings for the host's keyboard type have to be corrected in order to make the
remote keyboard work properly. Check the settings in the IP-KVM Web front-end for details.

3.4.2 Remote Mouse Settings

A common seen problem with KVM devices is the synchronization between the local and remote
mouse cursors. The IP-KVM addresses this situation with an intelligent synchronization algorithm.
There are two mouse modes available on the IP-KVM:
• Auto mouse speed The automatic mouse speed mode tries to detect the speed and
acceleration settings of the host system automatically. See the section below for a more
detailed explanation.
• Fixed mouse speed This mode just translates the mouse movements from the Remote
Console in a way that one pixel move will result in n-pixel moves on the remote system.

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 This parameter n is adjustable with the scaling. Please note that this works only when
mouse acceleration is turned off on the remote system.

3.4.3 Automatic mouse speed and mouse synchronization

The automatic mouse speed mode performs the speed detection during mouse synchronization.
Whenever the local and remote mouse cursors move synchronously or not, there are two ways for
re-synchronizing local and remote mouse cursors:
• Fast Sync The fast synchronization is used to correct a temporary, but fixed skew. Choose
the option using the Remote Console options menu or press the mouse synchronization
hotkey sequence in case you defined one
• Intelligent Sync If the fast sync does not work or the mouse settings have been changed on
the host system, use the intelligent resynchronization. This method takes more time than
the fast one and can be accessed with the appropriate item in the Remote Console option
menu. The intelligent synchronization requires a correctly adjusted picture. Use the auto
adjustment function to setup the picture, and make sure that there are no window at the
top left corner of the remote desktop that are able to change the mouse cursor shape from
the normal state. The Sync mouse button on top of the Remote Console can behave
differently, depending on the current state of mouse synchronization. Usually pressing this
button leads to a fast sync, except in situations where the KVM port or the video mode
changed recently

Note: At first start, if the local mouse pointer is not synchronized with the remote mouse pointer, press the
Auto Adjust Button once

3.4.4 Host system mouse settings

The host's operating system knows various settings from the mouse driver.

Note: The following limitations do not apply in case of USB and Mouse Type Windows >= 2000,
MacOSX

While the IP-KVM works with accelerated mice and is able to synchronize the local with the
remote mouse pointer, there are the following limitations, which may prevent this synchronization
from working properly:
• Special Mouse Driver There are mouse drivers that influence the synchronization
process and lead to desynchronized mouse pointers. If this happens, make sure you
do not use a special vendor-specific mouse driver on your host system
• Windows XP Mouse Settings Windows XP knows a setting named “improve mouse
acceleration”, which has to be deactivated

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 • Active Desktop If the Active Desktop feature of Microsoft Windows is enabled do not
use a plain background. Instead, use some kind of wallpaper. As an alternative, you
could also disable the Active Desktop completely.

Navigate your mouse pointer into the upper-left corner of the applet screen and
move it slightly forth and back. Thus the mouse will be resynchronized. If
re-synchronizing fails, disable the mouse acceleration and repeat the procedure.

3.4.5 Single and Double Mouse Mode

The information above applies to the Double Mouse Mode, where remote and local mouse
pointers are visible and need to be synchronized. The IP-KVM also features a Single Mouse Mode
where only the remote mouse pointer is visible. Activate this mode in the open Remote Console
and click into the window area. The local mouse pointer will be hidden and the remote one can be
controlled directly. To leave this mode, it is necessary to define a mouse hotkey in the Remote
Console Settings Panel. Press this key to free the captured local mouse pointer.

3.4.6 Recommended Mouse Settings

For the different operating systems we recommend:
• MS Windows In general, we recommend the usage of a mouse via USB. Choose USB
without Mouse Sync. For a PS/2 mouse choose Auto Mouse Speed. For XP disable the
option “enhance pointer precision” in the Control Panel

• SUN Solaris Adjust the mouse settings either via xset m 1 or use the CDE Control Panel
to set the mouse to 1:1, no acceleration. As an alternative you may also use the Single
Mouse Mode

• MAC OS We recommend using the Single Mouse Mode.

3.4.7 Video Modes

The IP-KVM recognizes a limited number of common video modes. When running X11 on the host
system, please do not use any custom mode lines with special video modes. If you do, the IP-KVM
may not be able to detect them. We recommend using any of the standard VESA video modes,
instead.

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 4. Usage

Introduction
The IP-KVM features an embedded operating system and applications offering a variety of
standardized interfaces. This chapter describes using these interfaces.

4.1 Prerequisites
The interfaces are accessed using the TCP/IP protocol family, thus they can be accessed using
either LAN port on the device. The following interfaces are supported:

• HTTP/HTTPS This provides full access to the embedded web server so the IP-KVM
environment can be managed using a standard web browser. You can access the IP-KVM
using the insecure HTTP protocol, or using the encrypted HTTPS protocol. It is
recommended whenever possible to use HTTPS. HTTP/HTTPS is the primary interface of
the IP-KVM and it is covered extensively in this chapter

• Telnet A standard Telnet client can also be used to access an arbitrary device connected to
the IP-KVM's serial port via a terminal mode. However this is not the primary interface and
is addressed in subtopics

4.1.1 Browser
In order to use the Remote Console window of your managed host system, the browser has to
come with a Java Runtime Environment version 1.5 or above. If the browser has no Java support
(such as on a small handheld device), you are still able to maintain your IP-KVM using the
administration forms displayed by the browser itself.
Your web browser also must be configured to accept cookies or else login is not possible.
In order to access the remote host system using a securely encrypted connection you need a
browser that supports the HTTPS protocol. Strong security is only assured by using a key length of
128 bit and some of the old browsers do not have a strong 128 bit encryption algorithm. You
should check your browser (e.g. for Internet Explorer select Help:About)

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 Figure 4-1 The Internet Explorer displaying the encryption key length

For secure connection to the IP-KVM, we recommend using Microsoft Internet Explorer version
6.0 (or higher), Netscape Navigator 7.0 (or higher) or Mozilla 1.6 (or higher). Newer web browsers
generally support strong encryption on default.

4.2 Logging in and out

4.2.1 Log in to the IP-KVM

There are three user levels of users who can access the IP-KVM:

User Name Default Password Access Privileges

super pass
Full access
(factory default) (factory default)
Has partial rights to change configuration
administrator (user define)
of critical parts
Has permission to access basic function of
user (user define)
open Remote Console

These users are created (and removed) by the super user (refer Chapter 5.3 User Management)
and the permission items for each user level are detailed in Appendix C.
To log in:

Launch your web browser and direct it to the address of your IP-KVM. This address used
can be an IP address or a domain name (in the case where you have given your IP-KVM a
symbolic name in the DNS):
Type in http://<IP address of IP-KVM> for a insecure connection, or
type in http://<IP address of IP-KVM> for a secure connection

This will lead you to the IP-KVM login page as shown below:

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Log in using the default system user name super and the default password pass
When connecting to the IPK-KVM unit, the IPK-KVM system (web server, Telnet server or SSH
server) will prompt user to enter the user name and password in order to access to the system.
If this is the first time logging in, log in with the factory default username and password, you will
be prompted to change the default password.

Make sure to change the super user password immediately after you have
installed and accessed your IP-KVM for the first time. Not changing this
password for the super user is a severe security risk and might result in
unauthorized access to the IP-KVM and to the host system

Having logged into the IP-KVM successfully, the main page of the IP-KVM appears. This page
consists of three parts:

The buttons on the left hand side which allow you to navigate within the front end

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The buttons of the front end are in the upper right:

Return to main page of IP-KVM access page

Open the IP-KVM remote console

Note: If there is no activity for 30 minutes, the IP-KVM will log you out, automatically. A click on
one of the links will bring you back to the login screen

Within the right frame the task-specific information is displayed that depends on the
section you have chosen before

Click on Click to open to start the remote console redirection

Click on Refresh to refresh the picture

4.2.2 Log out from the IP-KVM

This link logs out the current user and presents a new login screen. Please note
that an automatic logout will be performed in case there is no activity for 30
minutes.

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4.3 The Remote Console

The Remote Console is the redirected screen, keyboard and mouse of the remote host system that
IP-KVM controls.

The Remote Console window is a Java Applet that tries to establish its own TCP connection to the
IP-KVM. The protocol that is running over this connection is neither HTTP nor HTTPS, but RFB
(Remote Frame Buffer Protocol). As default, RFB tries to establish a connection to TCP port
number 443. Your local network environment has to allow this connection to be made, i.e. your
firewall and, in case you have a private internal network, your NAT (Network Address Translation)
settings have to be configured accordingly.

In case the IP-KVM is connected to your local network environment and your connection to the
Internet is available using a proxy server only without NAT being configured, the Remote Console
is very unlikely to be able to establish the desired connection. This is because today's web proxies
are not capable of relaying the RFB protocol.
In case of problems, please consult your network administrator in order to provide an appropriate
networking environment.

4.3.1 Main Window of Remote Console

To open the KVM console either click on the icon Console or Remote Control > KVM
Console of the menu entry on the left or Click to open of the console picture on the right

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Starting the Remote Console opens an additional window. It displays the screen content of your
host system. The Remote Console will behave exactly in the same way as if you were sitting locally
in front of the screen of your remote system. That means keyboard and mouse can be used in the
usual way. However, be aware of the fact that the remote system will react to keyboard and
mouse actions with a slight delay. The delay depends on the bandwidth of the link to which you
use to connect to the IP-KVM.
With respect to the keyboard, the very exact remote representation might lead to some confusion
as your local keyboard changes its keyboard layout according to the remote host system. If you
use a German administration system, and your host system uses a US English keyboard layout, for
instance, special keys on the German keyboard will not work as expected. Instead, the keys will
result in their US English counterpart. You can circumvent such problems by adjusting the
keyboard of your remote system to the same mapping as your local one.
The Remote Console window always tries to show the remote screen with its optimal size. That
means it will adapt its size to the size of the remote screen initially and after the screen resolution
of the remote screen has been changed. However, you can always resize the Remote Console
window in your local window system as usual.

Note: The Remote Console window on your local window system is just one window among
others. In order to make keyboard and mouse work, your Remote Console window must
have the local input focus

4.3.2 Control Bar of Remote Console

The upper part of the Remote Console window contains a control bar. Using its elements you can
see the state of the Remote Console and adjust the local Remote Console settings:

Figure 4-2 Remote Console Control Bar

• Ctrl+Alt+Delete Special button key to send the “Control Alt Delete”

key combination to the remote system (see also section 5.4.1 for defining new button keys)

• Auto Adjust Video If the video display is of bad quality or distorted in some way,
press this button and wait a few seconds while the IP-KVM tries to detect the video mode
of VGA port to the controlled host and adjust itself for the best possible video quality

• Synchronize Mouse Activates the mouse synchronization process. Choose

this option in order to synchronize the local with the remote mouse cursor. This is
especially necessary when using accelerated mouse settings on the host system. In general,

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 there is no need to change mouse settings on the host

• Single/Double mouse mode Switches between the Single Mouse Mode (where
only the remote mouse pointer is visible) and the Double Mouse Mode (where remote and
local mouse pointers are visible and need to be synchronized). Single mouse mode is only
available if using SUN JVM 1.5 or higher

• Options To open the Options menu, click on the button Options

Figure 4-3 Remote Console Options Menu

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 Note: If your IP-KVM connects to PS/2 target computer and enable Double Mouse mode, in
order to keep remote and local mouse pointers in sync, please take the following actions:
1. Disable the “Enhance pointer precision” and “Automatically move mouse pointer to the
default button in a dialog box” in the mouse settings of host (target) computer OS.

2. If mouse pointers are not in sync, click on Sync button or Options > Mouse Handling >
Intelligent Sync

A short description of these options as follows:

- Monitor Only Toggles the Monitor only filter on or off. If the filter is switched on no
remote console interaction is possible, and monitoring is possible
- Exclusive Access If a user has the appropriate permission, he or she can force the
Remote Consoles of all other users to close. No one can open the Remote Console at
the same time again until this user disables the exclusive access, or logs off.
A change in the access mode is also visible in the status line.

Figure 4-4 Remote Console Exclusive Mode

- Scaling Allow you to scale down the Remote Console. You can still use both mouse and
the keyboard, however the scaling algorithm will not preserve all display details. When
you designate 25%, 50%, or100% scaling, the size of Remote Console window is

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 calculated according to the remote host video setting with scaling algorithm execution.
When you designate “Scale to fit”, the remote video displaying is scaled to fit the size
of Remote Console window.

Figure 4-5 Remote Console Options Menu:Scaling

- Mouse Handling The submenu for mouse handling offers two options for synchronizing
the local and the remote mouse cursors:

i. Fast Sync -- The fast synchronization is used to correct a temporary, but fixed
skew

ii. Intelligent Sync -- Use this option if the fast sync does not work or the mouse
settings have been changed on the host system

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 This method takes more time than the fast one and requires a correctly adjusted
picture. Use the auto adjustment function to setup the picture

- Local Cursor Offers a list of different cursor shapes to choose from for the local mouse
pointer. The selected shape will be saved for the current user and activated the next
time this user opens the Remote Console. The number of available shapes depends on
the Java Virtual Machine (version of 1.5 or above offers the full list)

Figure 4-6 Remote Console Options Menu:Cursor

- Video Settings Opens a panel for changing the IP-KVM video settings. IP-KVM features
two different dialogs, which for adjusting the video settings:

i. Video Settings through the HTML-Frontend To enable local video port, select
this option. This option decides if the local video output of IP-KVM is active and
passing through the incoming signal from the host system.
The option Noise Filter defines how IP-KVM reacts to small changes in the video
input signal. Turning on the noise filter can help reduce video flickering that is
often caused by distortions, as well as lowering unnecessary bandwidth
consumption. A large filter setting needs less network traffic and leads to a
faster video display, but small changes in some display regions may not be
recognized immediately. A small filter displays all changes instantly but may
lead to a constant amount of network traffic even if display content is not really
changing (depending on the quality of the video input signal). All in all the
default setting should be suitable for most situations.

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 ii. Video Settings through the remote console

Figure 4-7 Video Settings Panel

Brightness Controls the brightness of the picture

Contrast Controls the contrast of the picture

Clock Defines the horizontal frequency for a video line and depends
on the video mode. Different video card types may require different
values here. The default settings in conjuction with the auto
adjustment procedure should be adequate for all common
configurations. If the picture quality is still bad after auto adjustment
you may try to change this setting together with the sampling phase
to achieve a better quality.

Phase Defines the phase for video sampling, used to control the
display quality together with the setting for sampling clock.

Horizontal Position Use the left and right buttons to move the
picture in horizontal direction while this option is selected.

Vertical Position Use the left and right buttons to move the picture
in vertical direction while this option is selected.

Reset this Mode Reset mode specific settings (Clock , Phase and
Position) to the factory-made defaults.

Reset all Modes Reset all settings to the factory-made defaults.

Save changes Save changes permanently

Undo Changes Restore last settings

- Refresh Video Click to run this menu item for retrieving the whole video again from the
controlled host and displayed on Remote Console. In normal situation, only changed

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 parts of video will be packed and sent from IP-KVM, for saving network bandwidth. This
function is mainly used for troubleshooting purpose where some old video fragments
are displayed as not updated in time for some reason; for example, noise filter for VGA
is setting too large

- Soft Keyboard Opens up the Menu for the Soft-Keyboard

Figure 4-8 Soft Keyboard

Show Pops up the Soft-Keyboard. The Soft-Keyboard is necessary in case your

host system runs a completely different language and country mapping than
your administration machine.
Mapping Used for choosing the specific language and country mapping of the
Soft-Keyboard.

Figure 4-9 Soft Keyboard Mapping

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 - Local Keyboard Used to change the language mapping of your browser machine
running the Remote Console Applet. Normally, the applet determines the correct value
automatically. However, depending on your particular JVM and your browser settings
this is not always possible. A typical example is a German localized system that uses an
US-English keyboard mapping. In this case you have to change the Local Keyboard
setting to the right language, manually

- Hotkeys Opens a list of hotkeys defined before. Choose one entry, the command will
be sent to the host system. A confirmation dialog can be added that will be displayed
before sending the selected command to the remote host. Select “OK” to execute the
command on the remote host

Figure 4-10 Remote Console Confirmation Dialog

- Encoding These options are used to adjust the encoding level in terms of compression
and color depth. They are only available unless "Transmission Encoding" is determined
manually (select Manually in KVM Settings > User Console > Transmission Encoding of
web page).

Compression Level You may select a value between 1 and 9 for the desired
compression level with level 1 enabling the fastest compression and level 9 the

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 best compression. The most suitable compression level should always be seen
as a compromise between the network bandwidth that is available, on your
video picture to be transferred, and on the number of changes between two
single video pictures. We recommend using a higher compression level if the
network bandwidth is low. The higher the compression level the more time is
needed to pack and unpack the video data on either side of the connection. The
compression quality depends on the video picture itself, e.g. the number of the
colors or the diversity of pixels. The lower the compression quality, the more
data have to be sent and the longer it may take to transfer the whole video
picture.
If level 0 is chosen the video compression is disabled, completely.
The option "Video Optimized" has its advantages if transferring high-quality
motion pictures. In this case the video compression is disabled, completely and
all video data is transferred via network as full-quality video snippets. Therefore,
a high amount of bandwidth is required to ensure the quality of the video
picture.

Figure 4-11 Encoding Compression

The next two options allow you to set the compression level to a predefined
level OR to set a level for lossy compression. This compresses well but leads to
degradation in image quality.

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 Figure 4-12 Predefined Compression

Figure 4-13 Lossy Compression

Color Depth Set the desired color depth. You may select between 8 or 16 bit for
Video Optimized/compression level 0, or between 1 and 8 bit for compression
level 1 to 9. The higher the color depth, the more video information has to be
captured and to be transferred.

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 Figure 4-14 Encoding Color depth

Note: If displaying motion pictures on a connection with low speed you may achieve an
improvement regarding the video transfer rate by lowering the color depth and disabling the option
"Video Optimized". As a general result, the data rate is reduced (less bits per color). Furthermore,
the IP-KVM will not have to do any video compression. In total, this will lead to less transfer time of
the motion picture.

4.3.3 Status Line of Remote Console

The status line shows both console and the connection state. The size of the remote screen is
displayed. Figure 4.15 belowwas taken from a Remote Console with a resolution of 800x600 pixels.
H

The value in brackets describes the connection to the Remote Console. Norm indicates a standard
connection without encryption whereas SSL means a secure connection.

Figure 4-15 Status line

Furthermore, both the incoming (In:) and the outgoing (Out:) network traffic are visible (in kb/s). If
compressed encoding is enabled, a value in brackets displays the compressed transfer rate:

Figure 4-16 Status line transfer rate

 5. Menu Options

Introduction

This chapter details the main menu options of the IP-KVM. The menu buttons on the left hand side
of the main screen allow you to navigate Keyboard, Mouse and Video settings; configure the
network and serial port; access the KVM console; set up users and use Virtual Media.

5.1 Remote Control

The Remote Console is the redirected screen, keyboard and mouse of the remote host system that
the IP-KVM controls. The Remote Console window is a Java Applet that tries to establish its own
TCP connection to the IP-KVM.
Starting the Remote Console opens a new window displays
screen movement of host system, with its size automatically
adjusted to optimum. Keyboard and mouse are redirected to
control the host system simultaneously. A slight delay may
present depending on the bandwidth of network.

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5.1.1 KVM Console

Figure 5-1 KVM Console

To open the KVM console either:

click on the icon Console or Remote Control > KVM Console of the menu entry on the left
or

Click to open of the console picture on the right

5.1.2 Telnet/SSH Console

In general, the Telnet or SSH interface supports two operation modes: the command line mode
and the terminal mode. The command line mode is used to control or display some parameters. In
terminal mode the pass-through access to serial port is activated (if the serial settings were
configured accordingly). All inputs are redirected to the device on serial port and its answers are
displayed on the Telnet interface.
In order to log in with Telnet or SSH you must first enable the access settings from Device Settings:
Network

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 • Telnet Console
The IP-KVM firmware features a Telnet server that enables a user to connect via a standard
Telnet client. In case the Telnet program is using a VT 100, VT 102 or VT 220 terminal or an
according emulation, it is even possible to perform a console redirection as long as the
IP-KVM host machine is using a text mode screen resolution. To log into the Telnet Console
either:

click Remote Control > Telnet Console or

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enter a telnet command as required by the Telnet client (for instance in a UNIX shell type
telnet 192.168.0.70 ) or

run the SSH-supported terminal emulation program (such as PuTTY).

Replace the IP address by the one that is actually assigned to the IP-KVM. This will prompt for
username and password in order to log into the device. The credentials that need to be
entered for authentication are identical to those of the web interface. So the user
management of the Telnet interface is entirely controlled with the according functions of the
web interface.
Once you have successfully logged into the IP-KVM a command line will be presented and you
can enter according management commands.

Figure 5-2 Telnet Console

The following list shows the according command mode command syntax and their usage.

Help Displays the list of possible commands

cls Clears the screen

quit Exits the current session and disconnects from the client

version Displays the release information

terminal Starts the terminal passthrough mode for RS-232 serial port. This mode provides
Serial over IP function. The key sequence ESC + exit switches back to the command
mode.

vscaa Auto adjustment of the Remote Console.

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 vscreset [modes/allmodes/all] Reset the video modes like in the remote console under
option Video Settings. vscreset modes: reset settings for the current video mode vscreset
allmodes: reset settings for all video modes vscreset all: reset all video modes and global
settings (Brightness and Contrast)

• SSH Console
The IP-KVM supports SSH security protocol. The SSHv2 will encryption the transferred data so
as to keep the data communication secured. Basically the SSH’s configuration interface is the
same as Telnet console, except that SSH is data encrypted and secured (and can be accessed
using SSH-supported terminal emulation programs such as PuTTY).

5.2 Virtual Media

The IP-KVM provides a powerful capability called Virtual Media (or Virtual Disk). Using the USB
port the IP-KVM can present either a local floppy disk image or a redirected remote CD/DVD-ROM
image to the target computer. This can allow system recovery in conditions as bad as having local
disks down and no primary network connection.
With Floppy Disk Image, the user can upload an image to the IP-KVM’s memory which then
emulates a locally attached floppy drive. With CD/DVD-ROM Image, a Windows or other SAMBA
share can emulate a locally attached CD/DVD-ROM, for instance to update software.

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Drive Redirection allows you to share (redirect) your local drive (floppy drives, hard disks, CD
ROMs and other removable devices like USB sticks) with the remote system over a TCP network
connection. Thus, with Drive Redirection, you can use a virtual disk drive on the remote computer
instead of an image file. It is also possible to enable a remote machine to write data to your local
disc.

Note Drive Redirection supports only Windows as the client computer since it redirects based on a drive
letter.

Before using Virtual Media connect the USB cable from IP-KVM to host computer. After connecting
the USB cable you can see a new removable risk on the host computer (e.g. the host computer
screen below shows a new CD Drive F)

5.2.1 Drive Redirection

The Drive Redirection is another possibility to use a virtual disc drive on the remote computer.
With Drive Redirection you do not have to use an image file but may work with a drive from your
local computer on the remote machine. The drive is hereby shared over a TCP network connection.
Devices such as floppy drives, hard discs, CD-ROMs and other removable devices like USB sticks

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can be redirected. It is even possible to enable a write support so that for the remote machine it is
possible to write data to your local disc.

Figure 5-3 Options of Drive Redirection

Drive Redirection works on a level below the operating system. That means that neither the local
nor the remote operating system is aware that the drive is currently redirected. This may lead to
inconsistent data as soon as one of the operating systems (either from the local machine, or from
the remote host) is writing data on the device. If write support is enabled the remote computer
might damage the data and the file system on the redirected device. On the other hand, if the
local operating system writes data to the redirected device the drive cache of the operating
system of the remote host might contain older data. This may confuse the remote host’s operating
system. We recommend you use the Drive Redirection with care, especially the write support.
To use Drive Redirection

Click Virtual Media and select Drive Redirection. Drive Redirection (read only) is enabled
by default

To disable the Drive Redirection function:

Check Disable Drive Redirection

Force read-only connections if enabled switches off the write support for the Drive
Redirection is (so it is not possible to write on a redirected device)

Click Apply to submit your changes

5.2.2 Virtual Drive

To use disable the mass storage emulation (and hide the virtual drive):

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Click Virtual Media and select Virtual Drive

Click Apply to submit your changes

Figure 5-4 USB mass storage option

If unset, and no file image will be found it may happen that the host system will hang on boot
due to changes in the boot order, or the boot manager (LILO, GRUB). This case was reported for
some Windows versions (2000, XP), other OS might not be fully excluded. This behavior
depends on the BIOS version used in that machine.

5.2.3 CD/DVD Image

To use an image on Windows share (via SAMBA)

click Virtual Media and select Virtual Drive

select CD/DVD Image from the submenu

Figure 5-5 Virtual Media - CD-ROM Image

Share host The server name or its IP address (the PC that shares out the image file). On
Windows 95, 98 and Windows ME do not specify the IP address but the server name

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 ("NetBIOS Name")
Share folder name The name of the share to be used
Image file name The image file name on the share folder
User (optional) If necessary, specify the user name for the share named before. If
unspecified and a guest account is activated, this guest account information will be used as
your login
Password (optional) If necessary, specify the password for the given user name

Note
1. The output image extension file name has to be ‘iso’, e.g. CD-Rom_vir.iso.
2. You may create an ISO image size up to 650Mb (for CD-ROM). This drive would be in read-only
mode and would not allow you to write any information on this drive but copying only. This
drive would be bootable under DOS mode if the motherboard/BIOS on the host computer
supports USB BOOTABLE function. For emulating DVD Drive, please use Drive Redirection
function.
3. The above information has to be given from the point of view of IP-KVM with correct IP
address and device name. Administrative permission is required as regular user may not have
the right to access. Please login as a system administrator (or as “root” on UNIX systems).
4. The specified image file is supposed to be accessible from the IP-KVM. The information above
has to be given from the point of view of the IP-KVM. It is important to specify correct IP
addresses, and device names. Otherwise, IP-KVM may not be able to access the referenced
image file properly, leave the given file unmounted and will display an according error
message, instead. So, we recommend to state correct values and repeat this step if necessary.
5. Furthermore, the specified share has to be configured correctly. Therefore, administrative
permissions are required. As a regular user you may not have these permissions. You should
either login as a system administrator (or as “root” on UNIX systems), or ask your system
administrator for help to complete this task.

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Operation Procedure

Run Nero (or any similar CD/DVD imaging tool) to create the CD/DVD ISO image

Create a folder and share this folder in the PC that shares out the image file. Copy the
CD/DVD ISO image file to this sharing folder. (Make sure password has to be setup with the
authorized user during Sharing-Permission settings)

For Windows
Open the Explorer, navigate to the directory (or share) and press the right mouse button to open the
context menu. Select Sharing to open the configuration dialog

Figure 5-6 Explorer Context Menu

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 Figure 5-7 Share Configuration Dialog

Adjust the settings for the selected directory.

■ Activate the selected directory as a share. Select Share this folder.
■ Choose an appropriate name for the share. You may also add a short description for
this folder (input field Comment).
■ If necessary, adjust the permissions (Permissions button).
■ Click OK to set the options for this share.

For UNIX and UNIX-like OS (UNIX, Solaris, Linux)

If you like to access the share via SAMBA, SAMBA has to be set up properly. You may either
edit the SAMBA configuration file /etc/samba/smb.conf or use the Samba Web
Administration Tool (SWAT) or WebMin to set the correct parameters.

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 Also looking at the man-entry of smb.conf is very helpful.

Fill in the sharing information on Image on Windows Share, click on the Set button.

If the Image file set successfully (shown below) then …

… open the remote console and you can see the virtual CD as pictured below

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5.2.4 Floppy Disk

Figure 5-8 Virtual Media - Floppy Disk

Operation Procedures

You need to create the floppy image file first (Please refer to the section “Creating a floppy
image”). For this example, we use RawWrite software (or any other image-creator software)
to create floppy image. Locate where the image file you create is saved

Open the browser to log into the IP-KVM. Click Virtual Media and select Floppy Disk

Click the Browse button to choose the image file

Click on the button Upload to initiate the transfer of the chosen image file into the IP-KVM
module’s on-board memory. After you uploading the image file, you will see the
information below

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Open the remote console and you will see a virtual Floppy drive is created on the host
computer that connect to IP-KVM

You may create a floppy image size up to 1.44Mb. This drive would be in read-only mode and
would not allow you to write any information on this drive but copying only. This drive would be
bootable under DOS mode if the motherboard/BIOS on the host computer supporting USB
BOOTABLE function. The maximum image size is limited to 1.44MB. To use a larger image mount
this image via Windows Share (or SAMBA).

Notes:
1. If using other image-creator software, the output image extension file name has to be ‘img’, e.g.
floppy_vir.img.
2. The uploaded image file will be kept in the onboard memory of the IP-KVM until the end of the
current session, as you logged out, or initiated a reboot of the IP-KVM.

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5.2.5 Creating an Image

5.2.5.1 Creating a Floppy Image

For Windows
You can use the tool “Raw Write for Windows”. You can get the RawWrite software from the
website http://www.chrysocome.net/rawwrite.

Figure 5-9 RawWrite for Windows selection dialog

From the menu, select the tab “Read”. Enter (or choose) the name of the file in which you
would like to save the floppy content. Click on the button “Copy” to initiate the image
creation process.

For UNIX and UNIX-like OS

To create an image file, make use of “dd”. This is one of the original UNIX utilities and is
included in every UNIX-like OS (UNIX, Sun Solaris, and Linux).
To create a floppy image file, copy the contents of a floppy to a file. You can use the following
command:
dd [ if=/dev/fd0 ] [ of=/tmp/floppy.image ]

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 dd reads the entire disc from the device /dev/fd0, and saves the output in the specified
output file /tmp/floppy.image. Adjust both parameters exactly to your needs (input device
etc.)

5.2.5.2 Creating a CD/DVD ISO Image

For Windows
To create the image file, use your favorite CD imaging tool. Copy the whole contents of the
disc into one single image file on your hard disk.
For example, with “Nero” you choose “Copy and Backup”. Then, navigate to the “Copy Disc”
section. Select the CD-ROM or DVD drive you would like to create an image from. Specify the
filename of the image, and save the CD-ROM content in that file.

Figure 5-10 Nero selection dialog

For UNIX and UNIX-like OS

To create an image file, make use of “dd”. This is one of the original UNIX utilities and is
included in every UNIX-like OS (UNIX, Sun Solaris, and Linux).
To create a CD-ROM image file, copy the contents of the CD-ROM to a file. You can use the
following command:

dd [ if=/dev/cdrom ] [ of=/tmp/cdrom.image ]

dd reads the entire disc from the device /dev/cdrom, and saves the output in the specified
output file /tmp/cdrom.image. Adjust both parameters exactly to your needs (input device
etc.).

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5.2.6 Making a Drive Redirection

The operation procedures to make a drive redirection are as follows.

Click Remote Control and select KVM Console

Click on the Floppy icon

You will see the Driver Redirection window as below:

Figure 5-11 Built-in Java Drive Redirection

You can either redirect a local drive (only available under Windows) or redirect an ISO CD/DVD
image.

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click on Connect Drive and elect the drive to be redirected

click OK

Select the drive you would like to redirect. All available devices (drive letters) are
shown here. Please note that the whole drive is shared with the remote computer,
not only one partition. If you have a hard disc with more than one partition all drive
letters that belong to this disc will be redirected. The Refresh button may be used
to regenerate the list of drive letters, especially for an USB stick.

Please be cautious if “Allow Write Support” is selected. All data on the shared
media can be destroyed

Write Support This feature may be enabled here. Write support means that the
remote computer is allowed to write on your local drive. As you can imagine, this is
very dangerous. If both the remote and the local system try to write data on the
same device, this will certainly destroy the file system on the drive. Please use this
only when you exactly know what you are doing.
Device Authentication The factory default Username is “super” and the default
Password is “pass”.

click Connect to redirect drive

Note: Drive Redirection is only possible with Windows 2000 or later versions.The Drive Redirection works
on a low SCSI level and the SCSI protocol cannot recognize partitions; therefore the whole drive
selected will be shared instead of any particular partition.
While connecting to a legacy KVM switch, please select PS/2 mouse for Keyboard/Mouse setting
from webpage. Otherwise you will not be able to use Hot-key.

click on Connect ISO then select the ISO image file and click Open

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the established Drive Redirection connection will now be displayed

Open My Computer and you will see the virtual drive appears on the remote host PC
window

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 The drive redirection software tries to lock the local drive before it is redirected. That
means that it tries to prevent the local operating system from accessing the drive as long as
it is redirected. This may also fail, especially if a file on the drive is currently open. In the
case of a locking failure, you will be prompted if you want to establish the connection
anyhow. This should not be a serious problem when the note above is respected. If the
write support is enabled, a drive which is not locked might be damaged by the Drive
Redirection.

Clicking on the Disconnect button will disconnect the Drive Redirection connection.

Note: Virtual Drive creation is by Device manner not by Partition. Which means it looks for I/O in BIOS and
sends the corresponding signal to host computer. This way, you are sending the entire hard drive (may
consist of ‘X’ numbers of partitions) and emulate whatever number of partitions on host computer. You may
also emulate a DVD-Drive with the same procedure. However, this DVD-Drive Does NOT support Bootable
function like Floppy and CD-ROM emulation.

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5.3 User Management
Each user on an IP-KVM has settings and permissions associated with it. Settings affect how the
user interfaces with the Remote Console. Permissions allow or forbid the user from performing
various actions on the IP-KVM’s web pages. A newly assigned user has permissions inherited from
an assigned group, if any, or individual permissions if no group is assigned.

5.3.1 Change Password

A currently logged in user can change their password:

Click User Management and select Change Password

Figure 5-12 Setting Password

Enter the current password In Old Password

Enter the new password in New Password

Re-type the new password for verification in Confirm New Password

Click Apply to submit changes

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5.3.2 Users and Groups

The IP-KVM comes with one pre-configured user account that has all possible rights to configure
the device and to use all functions IP-KVM offers. Upon delivery the account super has the
password pass. Make sure to change password immediately after you have installed and on initial
access of your IP-KVM.

To create a new user:

Enter details for the new user:

New User name The new user name for the selected account
Password The password for the login name (which must be 4 to 32 characters long)
Confirm password Confirmation of the password above
Email address This information may be optionally provided
Mobile number This information may be optionally provided

Role Each user can be a member of a group (named a “role” ). There are three kinds of
roles. Super has all possible rights to configure the device. Administrator has partial rights
to change configuration apart from critical settings. User has permission to access basic
function of open Remote Console. You can choose the desired level from the Role selection
box

Note: The IP-KVM accepts 32 letters of username and password

Click the Create button and the displayed new user profile settings will be saved

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To modify the settings for an existing user:

Select an Existing user and click the Lookup button to see the exisiting user profile

Modily the user profile (e.g. Change New User name, Password etc)

Click the Modify button and the displayed user profile settings will be saved

Note: The IP-KVM is equipped with an host-independent processor and memory unit which both have a
limitation in terms of the processing instructions and memory space. To guarantee an acceptable
response time we recommend not to exceed the number of 15 users connected to the IP-KVM at the
same time. The memory space that is available onto the IP-KVM mainly depends on the configuration
and the usage of the IP-KVM (log file entries etc.). That’s why we recommend not to store more than
150 user profiles.

5.4 KVM Settings

5.4.1 User Console

The following settings are user specific. That means, the super user can customize these settings
for every users separately. Changing the settings for one user does not affect the settings for the
other users of the same group (role).

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Select the particlular user from selection box and make the stting changes:

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 Figure 5-13 User Console Setting
Transmission Encoding The Transmission Encoding setting allows changing the image-
encoding algorithm that is used to transmit the video data to the Remote Console window. It
is possible to optimize the speed of the remote screen processing depending on the number
of users working at the same time and the network bandwidth of the connection line
(Modem, ISDN, DSL, LAN, etc.)
Automatic detection The encoding and the compression level is determined automatically
from the available bandwidth and the current content of the video image
Pre-configured The pre-configured settings deliver the best result because of optimized
adjustment of compression and colour depth for the indicated network speed.

Manually Allows to adjust both compression rate and the colour depth individually.
Depending on the selected compression rate the data stream between the IP-KVM and the
Remote Console will be compressed in order to save bandwidth. Since high compression rates
consum more computing power of IP-KVM, they should not be used while several users are
accessing the IP-KVM simultaneously.
The standard color depth is 16 Bit (65536 colors). The other color depths are intended for
slower network connections in order to allow a faster transmission of data. Therefore
compression level 0 (no compression) uses only 16 Bit color depth. At lower bandwidths only
4 Bit (16 colors) and 2 Bit (4 gray scales) are recommended for typical desktop interfaces.
Photo-like pictures have best results with 4 Bit (16 gray scales). 1 Bit color depth (black/white)
should only be used for extremely slow network connections
Remote Console Type Specifies, which Remote Console Viewer to use:
Default Java-VM
Uses the default Java Virtual Machine of your Browser. This may be the Microsoft
JVM for the Internet Explorer, or the Sun JVM if it is configured this way. Use of the
Sun JVM may also be forced (see below).
Sun Microsystems Java Browser Plugin
Instructs the web browser of your administration system to use the JVM of Sun
Microsystems. The JVM in the browser is used to run the code for the Remote
Console window, which is actually a Java Applet. If you check this box for the first
time on your administration system and the appropriate Java plug-in is not already
installed on your system, it will be downloaded and installed automatically. However,
in order to make the installation possible, you still need to answer the according
dialogs with yes. The download volume is around 11 Mbytes. The advantage of
downloading Sun's JVM lays in providing a stable and identical Java Virtual Machine
across different platforms. The Remote Console software is optimized for this JVM

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 versions and offers wider range of functionality when run in SUN's JVM. Please make
sure that you are installing Sun JVM 1.5 or above to your client system

Miscellaneous Remote Console Settings

Start in Monitor Mode
Sets the initial value for the monitor mode. By default the monitor mode is off. In
case you switch it on, the Remote Console window will be started in a read only
mode
Start in Exclusive Access Mode
Enables the exclusive access mode immediately at Remote Console startup. This
forces the Remote Consoles of all other users to close. No one can open the Remote
Console at the same time again until this user disables the exclusive access or logs off

Mouse hotkey Allows to specify a hotkey combination which starts either the mouse
synchronization process if pressed in the Remote Console, or is used to leave the single
mouse mode

Remote Console Button Keys Button Keys allow simulating keystrokes on the remote system
that cannot be generated locally. The reason for this might be a missing key or the fact, that
the local operating system of the Remote Console is unconditionally catching this keystroke
already. Typical examples are Control+Alt+Delete on Windows or Control+Backspace on Unix
or Unix-like OS. The syntax to define a new Button Key is as follows:
[confirm] <keycode>[+|-[*]<keycode>]*
confirm requests confirmation by a dialog box before the key strokes will be sent to the
remote host.
keycode is the key to be sent. Multiple key codes can be concatenated with a plus, or a
minus sign. The plus sign builds key combinations, all keys will be pressed until a minus
sign or the end of the combination is encountered. In this case all pressed keys should be
released in reversed sequence. The minus sign builds single, separate key presses and
releases. The star inserts a pause with duration of 100 milliseconds.

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5.4.2 Keyboard/Mouse

Figure 5-14 Keyboard and Mouse Settings

PS/2 Keyboard Model Enables a certain keyboard layout. You can choose between
“Generic 101-Key PC” for a standard keyboard layout, “Generic 104-Key PC” for a standard
keyboard layout extendend by three additional windows keys, “Generic 106-Key PC” for a
japanese keyboard, and “Apple Macintosh” for the Apple Macintosh.

Keyboard timeout Recommanded as “enable” for keyboard timeout when host is UNIX or
UNIX-like OS

USB Mouse Type Enables USB mouse type. Choose between “Windows >= 2000 , MacOSX”
for MS Windows 2000 or Windows XP, Mac OSX or “Other Operating Systems” for MS
Windows NT, Unix or Unix-like OS, or OS X. In “Windows >= 2000 , MacOSX” mode the
remote mouse is always synchronized with the local mouse.

Mouse Speed
Auto mouse speed - Use this option if the mouse settings on host use an additional
acceleration setting. The IP-KVM tries to detect the acceleration and speed of the
mouse during the mouse sync process.

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 Fixed mouse speed - Use a direct translation of mouse movements between the local and
the remote pointer.
You may also set a fixed scaling which determines the pixel-amount of the remote
mouse pointer movement when the local mouse pointer is moved by one pixel. This
option is used to manually control the remote mouse speed and only works when the
mouse settings on the host are linear. This means mouse acceleration of OS should be
disabled, and the intelligent mouse synchronization of IP-KVM is not functioning under
this setting.
Absolute mouse scaling for MAC server - Use this option for MAC server.

Click Apply to set these options

5.4.3 Video

Figure 5-15 Video Settings

Miscellaneous Video Settings:

Noise filter This option defines how the IP-KVM reacts to small changes in the video input
signal. Turning on the noise filter can help reduce video flickering that is often caused
by distortions, as well as lowering unnecessary bandwidth consumption. A large filter
setting needs less network traffic and leads to a faster video display, but small changes
in some display regions may not be recognized immediately. A small filter displays all
changes instantly but may lead to a constant amount of network traffic even if the
display content is not really changing (depending on the quality of the video input
signal). All in all the default setting should be suitable for most situations.

Force Composite Sync (Required for Sun Computers) When connecting the device
directly to legacy Sun computer (with composite sync as the video output, it may be
possible that IP-KVM don’t recognize the composite sync automatically. To support
signal transmission from a Sun machine, enable this option. If not enabled the picture
of the remote console will not be visible.

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Click Apply to set these options

5.5 Device Settings

5.5.1 Network
The Network Settings panel allows changing network related parameters. Once applied the new
network settings will immediately come into effect.

Select Device Settings: Network and under Network Basic Settings you can set new IP
address or enable DHCP/BOOTP

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 IP auto configuration With this option you can control if the IP-KVM should fetch its
network settings from a DHCP or BOOTP server. For DHCP, select “dhcp” , and for
BOOTP select “bootp” accordingly. If you choose “none” then IP auto configuration
is disabled

Preferred host name Preferred host name to request from DHCP server. Whether
the DHCP server takes the IP-KVM suggestion into account or not depends on the
server configuration

IP address IP address in the usual dot notation

Subnet Mask The net mask of the local network

Gateway IP address In case the IP-KVM should be accessible from networks other
than the local one, this IP address must be set to the local network router's IP
address

Primary DNS Server IP Address IP address of the primary Domain Name Server in
dot notation. This option may be left empty, however the IP-KVM will not be able to
perform name resolution

Secondary DNS Server IP Address IP address of the secondary Domain Name Server
in dot notation. It will be used in case the Primary DNS Server cannot be contacted

Under Network Basic Settings you can set the ports that are to be used by the various
TCP/IP services

Figure 5-16 Network Settings

Remote Console and HTTPS port Port number at which the IP-KVM's Remote

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 Console server and HTTPS server are listening. If left empty the default value will be
used

HTTP port Port number at which the IP-KVM's HTTP server is listening. If left empty
the default value will be used

Telnet port Port number at which the IP-KVM's Telnet server is listening. If left
empty the default value will be used

SSH port Port number at which the IP-KVM SSH (Secure SHell) server is listening to.
If left empty the default value (port 22) will be used

Bandwidth limitation The maximum network traffic generated through the IP-KVM
ethernet device. Value in Kbit/s

Enable Telnet access This enables the Telnet function

Enable SSH access This enables the SSH (Secure SHell) function

Disable Setup Protocol Enable this option to exclude the IP-KVM from the
setup protocol Setup protocol is a proprietary layer-2 MAC-based protocol to allow
some configuration software to detect IP-KVM devices in the network, even
without IP address, and then config network related settings to IP-KVM

Under LAN Interface Settings the Autodetect will set the ethernet speed to the fastest
possible value supported by both endpoints of the link.

For example if you use a 10Mb half duplex HUB this speed will be auto-selected. If this
option does not work with some network device (HUB, switches, and routers), you can set
the Ethernet interface speed of IP-KVM manually to the values as supported by the
network device

NOTE: Changing the network settings of the IP-KVM might result in losing connection to it. In case you
change the settings remotely make sure that all the values are correct and you still have an option to access
the IP-KVM.

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5.5.2 Dynamic DNS

When users connect their IP-KVM to a DSL line or use a DHCP configuration, their IP address might
be changed whenever it reconnects to the network. So it can become very difficult to post all
related contacts for each new IP address. Also if the remote administrator only has access through
the remote console they have no way to know if an IP-KVM IP address has changed and if it has
what the new IP address is.
The solution is the Dynamic DNS service which is provided by various ISPs and organizations. Using
the Dynamic DNS service users can access the IP-KVM through the hostname registered in the
Dynamic DNS Server regardless of any IP address change.

The remote administrator does not know the IP address assigned by the provider, however the
IP-KVM connects to the dynamic DNS server in regular intervals and registers its IP address there.
So the administrator can contact this server as well and pick up the same IP address relating to his
IP-KVM unit.

Figure 5-17 Dynamic DNS

By default the IP-KVM supports Dynamic DNS service offered at Dynamic DNS Network Services,
LLC (www.dyndns.org). To use these services the user must set up an account in their Members'
NIC (Network Information Center (http://members.dyndns. org).
The administrator has to register an IP-KVM that is supposed to take part in the DDNS service with
the Dynamic DNS Server and assign a certain hostname to it. They will then get a nickname and a
password in return to the registration process. This account information together with the
hostname is needed in order to determine the IP address of the registered IP-KVM

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.

Figure 5-18 Dynamic DNS Scenario

To enable Dynamic DNS:

Select Device Settings: Dynamic DNS

Make sure that the LAN interface of the IP-KVM is properly configured

Enable Dynamic DNS and change the settings according to your needs (as shown in Figure
5.17):

Enable Dynamic DNS This enables the Dynamic DNS service. This requires a configured DNS
server IP address
Dynamic DNS server This is the server name where IP-KVM registers itself in regular
intervals. Currently, this is a fixed setting since only dyndns.org is supported for now

DNS System Choose Dynamic for free DNS service. Custom for your own domain
Hostname This is the hostname of the IP-KVM that is provided by the Dynamic DNS Server.
(use the whole name including the domain, e.g. testserver.dyndns.org , not just the
actual hostname)
Username You have registered this username during your manual registration with the
Dynamic DNS Server. Spaces are not allowed in the Nickname
Password You have used this password during your manual registration with the Dynamic
DNS Server
Check time The IP-KVM registers itself for initiating the IP address of IP-KVM stored in the
Dynamic DNS server at this time
Check interval This is the interval for reporting again to the Dynamic DNS server for
updating the IP address associated with the Domain Name of the IP-KVM

Note: The IP-KVM has its own independent real time clock. Make sure the time setting of the IP-KVM is
correct (see the Section Date and Time)

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5.5.3 Security

Figure 5-19 Device Security

HTTPS Encryption
If this option is enabled access to the web front-end is only possible using an HTTPS
connection. The IP-KVM will not listen on the HTTP port for incoming connections. (And if you
want to create your own SSL certificate that is used to identify the IP-KVM refer the Certificate
section in this manual

KVM encryption
This controls the encryption of the RFB protocol. RFB is used by the Remote Console to
transmit both the screen data to the administrator machine and keyboard and mouse data
back to the host. If set to Off no encryption will be used. If set to Try the applet tries to make
an encrypted connection. In case connection establishment fails for any reason an
unencrypted connection will be used.
If set to Force the applet tries to make an encrypted connection with certificate. An error will
be reported in case connection establishment fails.

Group-based System Access Control

This is the IP filtering function which keeps unauthorized hosts from accessing to the IP-KVM
by specifying IP filtering rules.
The Chain rule determines whether the access from the hosts is allowed or not. It can be one
of these two values:

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 - ACCEPT = access allowed
- DROP = access not allowed

The rule can be configured to apply to any particular Group level (All, User, Super or
Administrator).

When the IP-KVM receives a TCP packet, it will process the packet with the chain rule
depicted below. The process ordering is important as the packet will enter the chain Rule 1
first and if it meets the rule then it will take Action 1 directly; otherwise go to chain rule 2.

Figure 5-20 Chain Rules of IP Filtering

Check the Enable Group based System Access Control to edit the rules

Add a new IP filtering rule by setting the properties at adding line by Append or Insert.
User can remove a rule by Remove or Delete

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 Figure 5-21 IP Filter Settings

5.5.4 Certificate

The IP-KVM uses the Secure Socket Layer (SSL) protocol for any encrypted network traffic between
itself and a connected client. During the connection establishment the IP-KVM has to expose its

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identity to a client using a cryptographic certificate. The default certificate that comes with the
IP-KVM device upon delivery is for testing purpose only. System administrator should not rely on
this default certificate as the secured global access mechanism through Internet.

However, it is possible to generate and install a new base64 X.509 certificate that is unique for a
particular IP-KVM.

Figure 5-22 Certificate Settings

In order to do that, the IP-KVM must be enabled to generate a new cryptographic key and the
associated Certificate Signing Request (CSR) that needs to be certified by a certification
authority (CA). A certification authority verifies that you are the person who you claim you
are, and signs and issues a SSL certificate to you.
To create and install a SSL certificate for the IP-KVM:

Create a SSL Certificate Signing Request using the panel shown in Figure 5.22. To do
this you will need to fill out a number of fields as explained below.

Common name This is the network name of the IP-KVM once it is installed in the
user's network (usually the fully qualified domain name). It is identical to the name
that is used to access the IP-KVM with a web browser (without the “http://” prefix). In

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 case the name given here and the actual network name differ, the browser will pop up
a security warning when the IP-KVM is accessed using HTTPS

Organizational unit This field is used for specifying to which department within an
organization the IP-KVM belongs

Organization The name of the organization to which the IP-KVM belongs

Locality/City The city where the organization is located

State/Province The state or province where the organization is located

Country (ISO code) The country where the organization is located. This is the
two-letter ISO code, e.g. DE for Germany, or US for the USA. (Note: the country code
has to be entered in CAPITAL LETTERS)

Challenge Password Some certification authorities require a challenge password to

authorize later changes on the certificate (e.g. revocation of the certificate). The
minimal length of this password is 4 characters

Confirm Challenge Password Confirmation of the Challenge Password

Email The email address of a contact person that is responsible for the IP-KVM and
its security

Key length This is the length of the generated key in bits. 1024 Bits are supposed to
be sufficient for most cases. Longer keys may result in slower response time of the
IP-KVM during connection establishment

Once this is done, click on the button Create which will initiate the Certificate Signing
Request generation. The CSR can be downloaded to your administration machine with
the Download CSR button

Send the saved CSR string to a CA for certification. You will get the new certificate from
the CA after a more or less complicated traditional authentication process (depending on
the CA)

Upload the certificate to the IP-KVM using the Upload button as shown below

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 Figure 5-23 SSL Certificate Upload

Figure 5-24 CSR string

After completing these three steps, the IP-KVM has its own certificate that is used for
identifying the IP-KVM to its clients.

If you destroy the CSR on the IP-KVM there is no way to get it back! In case you
deleted it by mistake, you have to repeat the three steps as described above

5.5.5 Serial Port

The IP-KVM Serial Settings allows you to specify what device is connected to the serial port
and how to use it.

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 Figure 5-25 Serial Port

Configuration or console login Do not use the serial port for any special function, use it only
for the initial configuration

Modem The IP-KVM offers remote access using a telephone line in addition to the standard
access over the built-in Ethernet adapter. The modem needs to be connected to the serial
interface of the IP-KVM.

Logically, connecting to the IP-KVM using a telephone line means nothing else than building
up a dedicated point-to-point connection from your console computer to the IP-KVM. So the
IP-KVM acts as an Internet Service Provider (ISP) to which you can dial in. The connection is
established using the Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP). Before you connect to the IP-KVM, make
sure to configure your console computer accordingly. For instance, on Windows based
operating systems you can configure a dial-up network connection, which defaults to the
right settings like PPP.

The Modem Settings panel allows you to configure the remote access to the IP-KVM using a
modem. The meaning of each parameter will be described below. The modem settings are
part of the serial settings panel.

Serial line speed

The speed the IP-KVM is communicating with the modem. Most modern modems will
support the default value of 115200 bps. If you are using an old modem and have
problems try lowering this speed

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 Modem Init String
The initialization string used by the IP-KVM to initialize the modem. The default value
will work with all modern standard modems directly connected to a telephone line.
In case you have a special modem or the modem is connected to a local telephone
switch that requires a special dial sequence in order to establish a connection to the
public telephone network, you can change this setting by giving a new string. (Refer
to the modem's manual about the AT command syntax.)

Modem server IP address

This IP address will be assigned to the IP-KVM itself during the PPP handshake. Since
it is a point-to-point IP connection virtually every IP address is possible but you must
make sure, it is not interfering with the IP settings of the IP-KVM and your console
computer. The default value will work in most cases.

Modem client IP address

This IP address will be assigned to your console computer during the PPP handshake.
Since it is a point-to-point IP connection virtually every IP address is possible but you
must make sure, it is not interfering with the IP settings of the IP-KVM and your
console computer. The default value will work in most cases.

Pass-through access to serial port via Telnet

Using this option, it is possible to connect an arbitrary device to the serial port and access it
(assuming it provides terminal support) via Telnet. Select the appropriate options for the serial
port and use the Telnet Console or a standard Telnet client to connect to the IP-KVM.

5.5.6 Date / Time

Important events like a login failure or a firmware update are logged to a selection of logging
destinations. Each of those events belongs to an event group, which can be activated separately.

This link enables you to set up the internal real-time clock of the IP-KVM. You have the possibility
to adjust the clock manually, or to use a NTP timeserver:

KVM over IP User Manual Page 84 of 109

 Figure 5-26 Date / Time

Without a timeserver, your time setting will not be persistent, so you have to adjust it again,
after IP-KVM loses power for more than a few minutes. To avoid this, you can use a NTP
timeserver, which sets up the internal clock automatically to the current UTC time. Because
NTP server time is always UTC, there is a setting that allows you to set up a static offset to get
your local time.

Note: There is currently no way to adjust the daylight saving time automatically. So you have to set up
the UTC offset twice a year properly to the local rules of your country

KVM over IP User Manual Page 85 of 109

5.5.7 Event Log

The common way to log events is to use the internal log list of the IP-KVM. These logs can be
viewed by selecting Event Log on the Maintenance page menu. To configure the event logs:

Figure 5-27 Event Log

Select Device Settings: Event Log

KVM over IP User Manual Page 86 of 109


You can choose how many log entries are shown on each page. Furthermore, you can clear
the log file and specify the extent of the logging:

List logging enabled The common way to log events is to use the internal log list of the
IP-KVM . To show the log list, click on Event Log on the Maintenance page.

Since the IP-KVM's system memory is used to save all the information, the maximum
number of possible log list entries is restricted to 1,000 events. Every entry that exceeds
this limit overrides the oldest one, automatically.
If the reset button on the HTML frontend is used to restart the IP-KVM, all logging
information is saved permanently and is available after the IP-KVM has been started. If
the IP-KVM loses power or a hard reset is performed, all logging data will be lost. To
avoid this, use one of the following log methods:

NFS Logging enabled

Define a NFS server, where a directory or a static link have to be exported, to write all
logging data to a file that is located there. To write logging data from more than one
IP-KVM devices to only one NFS share, you have to define a file name that is unique for
each device. When you change the NFS settings and press the button Apply. The NFS
share will be mounted immediately. That means, the NFS share and the NFS server must
be filled with valid sources or you will get an error message.

SMTP Logging enabled

With this option, the IP-KVM is able to send Emails to an address given by the Email
address text field in the Event Log Settings. These mails contain the same description
strings as the internal log file and the mail subject is filled with the event group of the
occurred log event. In order to use this log destination you have to specify a SMTP server,
that has to be reachable from the IP-KVM device and that needs no authentication at all
(<serverip>:<port>).

SNMP Logging enabled

If this is activated, the IP-KVM sends a SNMP trap to a specified destination IP address,
every time a log event occurs. If the receiver requires a community string, you can set it
in the appropriate text field. Most of the event traps only contain one descriptive string
with all information about the log event. Only authentication and host power events have
an own trap class that consists of several fields with detailed information about the
occurred event. To receive this SNMP traps, any SNMP trap listener may be used.
Here is a example of all gerenated event and its event group:
Device succesfully started device
Board Reset performed by user... device

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 Firmware upload failed. device
No firmware file uploaded. device
Uploaded firmware file discarded. device
Firmware validation failed. device
Firmware file uploaded by user... device
Firmware updated by user... device
Internal log file cleared by user... device
Security Violation security
Host Power host
Host Reset host
Connection to Remote Console failed: reason. console (several)
Connection to client ... established. console
Connection to client ... closed. console
Login failed. auth
Login succeed. auth

Note: In contrast to the internal log file on the IP-KVM, the size of the NFS log file is not limited. Every
log event will be appended to the end of the file so it grows continuously and you may have to
delete it or move it away from time to time

5.5.8 Authentication
To log in to the IP-KVM a user must be authenticated by means of a password. By default this
authentication takes place locally with the user name and associated password being stored in the
IP-KVM’s internal database.

Alternately the IP-KVM can be configured to query a remote database server using RADIUS or
LDAP to determine if a given user may log in.
To configure authentication settings:

Select Device Settings: Authentication and check Local Authentication , LDAP or Radius

Local Authentication
When Local Authentication is selected, the IP-KVM will authenticate against its internal
database of users and passwords

KVM over IP User Manual Page 88 of 109

 LDAP Access
When you select LDAP Authentication, the IP-KVM will communicate with a Microsoft Active
Directory or generic LDAP server for user authentication (i.e. password verification). The user
profile must be set up in the local database as described in Local User Management, but no
password is stored locally. When a user attempts to log in, the IP-KVM contacts the specified
LDAP server, which will either approves or denies access
In order to configure the IP-KVM for LDAP access:

Check LDAP and enter details for:

User LDAP Server Enter the name or IP address of the LDAP server containing all the user
entries. If you choose a name instead of an IP address you need to configure a DNS server in
the network settings. E.g.: 192.168.1.250

Base DN of User LDAP Server Specify the distinguished name (DN) where the directory tree
starts in the user LDAP server. E.g.: dc=test, dc=domain, dc=com
Type of external LDAP Server With this option you set the type of the external LDAP server.
This is necessary since some server types require special handling. Additionally, the default
values for the LDAP scheme are set appropriately. You can choose between a Generic LDAP
Server, a Novell Directory Service and a Microsoft Active Directory. If you have neither a Novell
Directory Service nor a Microsoft Active Directory then choose a Generic LDAP Server and edit
the LDAP scheme used (as detailed below)
Name of login-name attribute This is the name of the attribute containing the unique login
name of a user. To use the default leave this field empty. The default depends on the selected

KVM over IP User Manual Page 89 of 109

 LDAP server type
Name of user-entry object class This is the object class that identifies a user in the LDAP
directory. To use the default leave this field empty. The default depends on the selected LDAP
server type

User search subfilter Here you can refine the search for users that should be known to the
IP-KVM
Active Directory Domain This option represents the active directory domain that is configured
in the Microsoft Active Directory server. This option is only valid if you have chosen a Microsoft
Active Directory as the LDAP server type e.g.: test.domain.com

RADIUS Access

RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial In User Service) is a protocol specified by the Internet
Engineering Task Force (IETF) working group. There are two specifications that make up the
RADIUS protocol suite: Authentication and Accounting. These specifications aim to centralize
authentication, configuration and accounting for dial-in services to an independent server. The
RADIUS protocol exists in several implementations (such as freeRADIUS, openRADIUS or
RADIUS on UNIX systems). The RADIUS protocol itself is well specified and tested.

Note: The IP-KVM currently does not support challenge/response. An Access Challenge response is
seen and evaluated as an Access Reject.

To configure the IP-KVM to use the RADIUS protocol.

Check RADIUS and enter details for:

Server Enter the name or IP address of the RADIUS server, reachable by the IP-KVM over the
network. (Configure a DNS server if a name rather than an address is used.)

Shared Secret A shared secret is a text string that serves as a password between the RADIUS
client and RADIUS server. In this case the IP-KVM acts as a RADIUS client. A shared secret is
used to verify that RADIUS messages are sent by a RADIUS-enabled device that is configured
with the same shared secret and to verify that the RADIUS message has not been modified in
transit (message integrity). Enter a maximum of 128 alphanumeric characters and symbols
such as an exclamation point (“!”) or an asterisk (“*”)
Auth. Port The authentication port the RADIUS server listens for authentication requests
(default value 1812)
Acc. Port The accounting port the RADIUS server listens for accounting requests. The default
value is 1813

KVM over IP User Manual Page 90 of 109

 Timeout This sets the request time-to-live in seconds. The time-to-live is the time to wait for
the completion of the authentication request. If the request job is not completed within this
interval of time it is cancelled. The default value is 1 second
Retries Sets the number of retries if a request could not be completed. The default value is 3
times

Click Apply to save the new authentication configuration

When RADIUS has been selected and configured the IP-KVM communicates with a RADIUS
server for user authentication. To access:

Log in with a name and password and the IP-KVM will contact the RADIUS server for
authentication. The RADIUS server reads your input data (Authentication) and the IP-KVM
looks for your profile (Authorization). The profile defines (or limits) your actions and may
differ depending on your specific situation. If there is no such profile your access via
RADIUS will be refused. The RADIUS implementation also has a timeout whereby if there is
no activity for half an hour the connection to the IP-KVM will be terminated

5.5.9 USB
USB 2.0 is the default setting. However if the operating system of the managed computer does
not support USB 2.0 please force it to USB 1.1

5.5.10 Config File

Click Backup to save a copy of the IP-KVM config file in a file (config.gz) on your
computer

Click Restore to upload a saved config file

KVM over IP User Manual Page 91 of 109

5.5.11 Authentication

On this screen you can specify where the IP-KVM will look in order to authenticate the users. You can use
"Local Authentication", this means you need to have created the user account on the IP-KVM and the
user/group information residing on the IP-KVM for authentication.
The other options allow you to specify an LDAP or a RADIUS Server to use for the login authentication.
These methods are very useful when you want to map users into specific groups which have certain
privileges. It is usually far easier and simpler to refer to already existing groups, rather than having to
re-enter everything into the IP-KVM.

Note: Whatever you configure, you can always login over the network as the superuser "super". The
superuser is always authenticated and authorized locally, so you always have a "back door" to the IP-KVM.

KVM over IP User Manual Page 92 of 109

LDAP Access
The IP-KVM uses LDAP only for authentication (password verification). User privileges and private settings
are still stored locally at the IP-KVM. That’s why a user account has to be created on the IP-KVM before this
user can login via LDAP. Also, all privilege configurations have to be done within the IP-KVM user
management.

In order to configure the LDAP access, you can set the following options:

User LDAP Server

Here you enter the name or IP address of the LDAP server containing all the user entries. If you
choose a name instead of an IP address you need to configure a DNS server in the network settings e.g.
192.168.1.250

Base DN of User LDAP Server

Here you specify the distinguished name (DN) where the directory tree starts in the user LDAP server
e.g. dc=test,dc=domain,dc=com

Type of external LDAP Server

With this option you set the type of the external LDAP server. This is necessary since some server
types require special handling. Additionally, the default values for the LDAP scheme are set
appropriately. You can choose between a Generic LDAP Server, a Novell Directory Service and a
Microsoft Active Directory. If you have neither a Novell Directory Service nor a Microsoft Active
Directory then choose a Generic LDAP Server and edit the LDAP scheme used (see below)

Name of login-name attribute

This is the name of the attribute containing the unique login name of a user. To use the default leave
this field empty. The default depends on the selected LDAP server type

Name of user-entry object class

This is the object class that identifies a user in the LDAP directory. To use the default leave this field
empty. The default depends on the selected LDAP server type

User search sub-filter

Here you can refine the search for users that should be known to the IP-KVM

Active Directory Domain

This option represents the active directory domain that is configured in the Microsoft Active Directory
server. This option is only valid if you have chosen a Microsoft Active Directory as the LDAP server
type e.g. test.domain.com

KVM over IP User Manual Page 93 of 109

5.6 Maintenance
The administrator performs various maintenance activities on the IP-KVM including viewing the
status, updating firmware, viewing the event log and resetting the unit.

5.6.1 Device Information

The Device Information page contains a table with information about the IP-KVM’s hardware and
firmware. This information is useful if technical support is required.

Figure 5-28 Device Information

The data file for support allows you to download the IP-KVM data file with specific support
information. This is an XML file with certain customized support information like the serial number
etc. You may send us this information together with a support request. It will help us to locate and
solve your reported problem.

KVM over IP User Manual Page 94 of 109

 Figure 5-29 Connected Users

Connected Users displays the IP-KVM

KVM user activity. From left to right it displays:
- the connected user
- the user’s IP address (from which host the user comes from)
- its
ts activity status is displayed ((RC
RC means that the Remote Console is open. If the
Remote Console is opened in exclusive mode the term (exclusive mode) is added. For
more information
mation about this option see the Remote Consolensole Control Bar section in this
manual.)
- the last column contains either the term active for an active user or 30 min idle for a
user who is inactive for a certain amount of time.

5.6.2 Event log

The Event Log displays the log list including the events that are logged by the IP
IP-KVM
KVM

Figure 5-30 Event Log List

5.6.3 Update Firmware
Firmware can be easily upgraded via web page.

Figure 5-31 Update Firmware

The IP-KVM is a complete standalone computer. The software it runs is called firmware and this
firmware can be updated remotely in order to install new functionality or special features.
A new firmware update is a binary file which will be sent to you by email or which you can
download from the Opengera web site. If the firmware file is compressed (file suffix .zip) then you
must unzip it before you can proceed. Under Windows you can use WinZip
(http://www.winzip.com) or similar for decompression. Other operating systems might provide a
program such as unzip.
Before you can start updating the firmware of your IP-KVM the new uncompressed firmware file
has to be accessible on the system that you use for connecting to the IP-KVM.
This process is not reversible and will take few minutes. During this upgrading
process you must not disconnect the power or the Ethernet cable as this may
cause upgrade failure and destroy the image in Flash memory

The IP-KVM will automatically initiate a self-reboot upon completion of upgrade process to make
newly upgraded firmware effective. At the end of countdown counter expires, the browser will
redirect user to the login homepage. Users shall refer to Maintenance: Device Information page to
check the firmware version and confirm the operation.

The IP-KVM will verify firmware checksum before proceed upgrade procedure.
The mechanism helps to prevent false firmware files from damaging the
IP-KVM. It also is crucial to keep a steady power supply during the procedure
otherwise the power-off event may damage the permanent storage and disable
the IP-KVM

Updating the firmware is a three-stage process:

KVM over IP User Manual Page 96 of 109


Upload the new firmware file onto the IP-KVM unit

In order to do that you need to select the file on your local system using the Browse
button. Click Upload. Once the firmware file has been uploaded, it is checked whether it is
a valid firmware file and whether there were any transmission errors. In case of any error
the Upload Firmware function will be aborted.

If everything went well, you see the Update Firmware panel

The panel shows you the version number of the currently running firmware and the
version number of the uploaded firmware. Pressing Update will store the new version and
substitute the old one completely

You will be advised when the firmware has updated successfully

The device will be rebooted and redirected to the login web page

KVM over IP User Manual Page 97 of 109


Log in the check out the Device Information to confirm the updated firmware is running

5.6.4 Unit Reset

This section allows you to reset specific parts of the device. This involves resetting
keyboard/mouse, USB, video engine, or the IP-KVM device itself.
In general, the IP-KVM requires a reset when implementing a firmware update. In the event of an
abnormal operation, a number of subsystems may be reset without resetting the entire IP-KVM.

Note: Only the super user is allowed to reset the IP-KVM

Click Maintenance > Unit Reset, the following window displays

KVM over IP User Manual Page 98 of 109

 Figure 5-32 Unit Reset

To reset a certain IP-KVM functionality click on the appropriate Reset button. Clicking on
Reset of Reset Device will reboot the IP-KVM system. It will close all current connections to
the administration console and to the Remote Console. The whole process will take about one
minute. Resetting sub-devices (e.g. video engine) will take few seconds only and does not result in
closing connections.

5.6.5 Reset to Factory Defaults

This function may be used when you forgot the password to log in the IP-KVM.

Note: The unit will reboot after this command. All current settings will be lost

The following procedures will revert to factory default settings:

Connect a RS232 null modem cable from your local console PC to the IP-KVM Serial port.
Configure your terminal emulation program (such as HyperTerminal or PuTTY) to the
following settings: Baud rate 115200, Data/stop bits 8-1, Parity none, Flow control none.

Enter the debugging mode via reboot the IP-KVM system and hit the ESC key. There are two
ways to enter the debugging mode:
(a) Power cycle (reboot) the IP-KVM device. Within 2 seconds of booting the IP-KVM, enter
the Esc key a few times to get a => prompt.
(b) Press & hold ESC AND push and release Reset button, and then release ESC in 2 seconds.
The debugging mode window will display as below.

KVM over IP User Manual Page 99 of 109


Key in defaults command and then Enter. The unit will automatically set to factory default
settings and reboot the system

The following window displays if reverting to factory default is complete

KVM over IP User Manual Page 100 of 109

KVM over IP User Manual Page 101 of 109
 6. Addendum

A. Key Codes
Table below shows the key codes used to defines keystrokes or hotkeys for several functions.
Please note that these key codes do not represent necessarily key characters that are used on
international keyboards. They name a key on a standard 104 key PC keyboard with an US English
language mapping. The layout for this keyboard is shown in figure below. However, most modifier
keys and other alphanumeric keys used for hotkey purposes in application programs are on an
identical position, no matter what language mapping you are using. Some of the keys have aliases
also, means they can be named by 2 key codes (separated by comma in the table).

Key (and aliases)

0-9 SPACE PAGE DOWN
A-Z ALTGR UP
, TILDE ESCAPE, ESC LEFT
-, MINUS F1 DOWN
=, EQUALS F2 RIGHT
; F3 NUM LOCK
’ F4 NUMPAD0
<, LESS F5 NUMPAD1
, F6 NUMPAD2
. F7 NUMPAD3
/, SLASH F8 NUMPAD4
BACK SPACE F9 NUMPAD5
TAB F10 NUMPAD6
[ F11 NUMPAD7
] F12 NUMPAD8
ENTER PRINTSCREEN NUMPAD9
CAPS LOCK SCROLL LOCK NUMPADPLUS,NUMPAD PLUS
\, BACK SLASH BREAK NUMPAD/
LSHIFT, SHIFT INSERT NUMPADMUL,NUMPAD MUL
RCTRL HOME NUMPADMINUS,NUMPAD MINUS
RSHIFT PAGE UP NUMPADENTER
LCTRL, CTRL DELETE WINDOWS
LALT, ALT END MENU

KVM over IP User Manual Page 102 of 109

B. Video Modes
The table below lists the video modes IP-KVM supports. Please don’t use other custom video
settings besides of these or the IP-KVM may not be able to detect them.

Resolution (x, y) Refresh Rates (Hz)

640 x 350 70, 85
640 x 400 56, 85
640 x 480 60, 72, 75, 85, 90, 100, 120
640 x 480 66.6
720 x 400 70, 85
800 x 600 56, 60, 70, 72, 75, 85, 90, 100
832 x 624 75
1024 x 768 60, 70, 72, 75, 85, 90, 100
1152 x 864 75
1152 x 870 75
1152 x 900 66, 76
1280 x 960 60, 85
1280 x 1024 60, 75, 85
1600 x 1200 60
2048 x 1536
85
(local console)

C. User Role Permissions

The table below lists the user role permissions granted for three user role groups (Super,
Administrator and User).
Function User Administrator Super
Remote Control: KVM x x x
Remote Control: Remote Power - x x
Remote Control: Telnet Console x x x
Virtual Media x x x
User Management: Change x x x
Password
User Management: Users - - x
KVM Settings: User Console x (w/o Misc. Settings) x x
KVM Settings: Keyboard/Mouse - x x
KVM Settings: Video - x x
Device Settings - - x
Maintenance: Device x x x
Information
Maintenance: Event Log - - x
Maintenance: Update Firmware - - x
Keyboard/ Mouse, Keyboard/ Mouse, Keyboard/ Mouse,
Maintenance: Unit Reset
Video Video Video, Device

KVM over IP User Manual Page 103 of 109

D. Bandwidth Consumption
The preconfigured network speed selection simply results in different Compression and Color
Depth configurations in order to match the different bandwidth limitations of the network type
(UMTS, ISDN, etc.)
The following suggested network bandwidth planning table for IP-KVM installation is from the test
results with 3D-Labyrinth screen saver at Resolution 800x600, the worst case consuming the
highest network bandwidth.

Compression Color Used Comment

Depth Bandwidth
uncompressed, synchronized video
Video Optimized Video Optimized 8 bit 3.0 - 3.3 MB/s
data, most bandwidth needed
Video Optimized uncompressed, synchronized video
Video Optimized 16 bit 4.3 - 5.0 MB/s
(high color) data, most bandwidth needed
LAN (high color) 0 ( no compression ) 16 bit 1.0 - 1.3 MB/s uncompressed video data
LAN 0 ( no compression ) 8 bit 500 - 700 kb/s uncompressed video data
DSL 2 8 bit 110 - 140 kb/s slower video because of compression
UMTS 4 8 bit 80 - 100 kb/s slower video because of compression
ISDN 128k 6 4 bit 20 - 30 kb/s 16 colors
ISDN/Modem V.90 7 2 bit 13 - 17 kb/s gray scale
GPRS/HSCSD 8 2 bit 5 - 7 kb/s gray scale
GSM Modem 9 (best compression) 1 bit 1 - 3 kb/s black&white video

E. Pin-outs of RJ45-DB9F Cable

KVM over IP User Manual Page 104 of 109

F. TCP/UDP Port Numbers
Port numbers are divided into three ranges: Well Known Ports, Registered Ports and Dynamic
and/or Private Ports. Well Known Ports are those from 0 through 1023. Registered Ports are those
from 1024 through 49151. Dynamic and/or Private Ports are those from 49152 through 65535.
Well Known Ports are assigned by IANA, and on most systems, can only be used by system
processes or by programs executed by privileged users. Table below shows some of the
well-known port numbers. For more details, please visit the IANA website:
http://www.iana.org/assignments/port-numbers

Port
Number Protocol TCP/UDP
21 FTP (File Transfer Protocol) TCP
22 SSH (Secure Shell) TCP
23 Telnet TCP
25 SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) TCP
37 Time TCP, UCP
39 RLP (Resource Location Protocol) UDP
49 TACACS, TACACS+ UDP
53 DNS UDP
67 BOOTP server UDP
68 BOOTP client UDP
69 TFTP UDP
70 Gopher TCP
79 Finger TCP
80 HTTP TCP
110 POP3 TCP
119 NNTP (Network News Transfer Protocol) TCP
161/162 SNMP UDP
443 HTTPS TCP

G. Protocol Glossary

Term Meaning
BOOTP Bootstrap Protocol is similar to DHCP, but for smaller networks.
Automatically assigns the IP address for a specific duration of time.
CHAP Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol is a secure protocol for
connecting to a system; it is more secure than the PAP.
DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol is an Internet protocol for automating

KVM over IP User Manual Page 105 of 109

 the configuration of computers that use TCP/IP.
DNS Domain Name Servers is system that allows a network name server to
translate text host names into numeric IP addresses.
LDAP Lightweight Directory Access Protocol is a protocol for accessing directory
information.
NAT Network Address Translation is an Internet standard that enables a LAN to
use one set of IP addresses for internal traffic and a second set of
addresses for external traffic. This enables a company to shield internal
addresses from the public Internet.
NFS Network File System is a protocol that allows file sharing across a network.
Users can view, store, and update files on a remote computer. You can use
NFS to mount all or a portion of a file system. Users can access the portion
mounted with the same privileges as the user’s access to each file.
NTP Network Time Protocol is a protocol used to synchronize time on
networked computers and equipment.
PAP Password Authentication Protocol is a method of user authentication in
which the username and password are transmitted over a network and
compared to a table of name-password pairs.
PPP Point-to-Point Protocol is a protocol for creating and running IP and other
network protocols over a serial link.
RADIUS Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service is an authentication and
accounting protocol. Enables remote access servers to communicate with a
central server to authenticate dial-in users and their access permissions. A
company stores user profiles in a central database that all remote servers
can share.
SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol is a protocol that system
administrators use to monitor networks and connected devices and to
respond to queries from other network hosts.
SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol is a TCP/IP protocol for sending email
between servers.
SSL Secure Sockets Layer is a protocol that provides authentication and
encryption services between a web server and a web browser.
SSH Secure Shell is a secure transport protocol based on public-key
cryptography.
Telnet A terminal protocol that provides an easy-to-use method of creating
terminal connections to a network host.

H. Regulation Information
FCC This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital
device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable
protection against harmful interference in a commercial installation. This equipment
generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed and used in
accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications.
Operation of this equipment in a residential environment may cause harmful interference.

KVM over IP User Manual Page 106 of 109

 CE This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the CE regulations of Class A.
RoHS All contents of this package, including products, packing materials and documentation
comply with RoHS.

I. Service and warranty

STANDARD WARRANTY
Opengear, Inc., its parent, affiliates and subsidiaries, (collectively, "Opengear") warrant your
Opengear IP-KVM product to be in good working order and to be free from defects in
workmanship and material (except in those cases where the materials are supplied by the
Purchaser) under normal and proper use and service for the period of two (2) years from the date
of original purchase from an Authorized Opengear reseller. In the event that this product fails to
meet this warranty within the applicable warranty period, and provided that Opengear confirms
the specified defects, Purchaser's sole remedy is to have Opengear, in Opengear's sole discretion,
repair or replace such product at the place of manufacture, at no additional charge other than the
cost of freight of the defective product to and from the Purchaser. Repair parts and replacement
products will be provided on an exchange basis and will be either new or reconditioned. Opengear
will retain, as its property, all replaced parts and products. Notwithstanding the foregoing, this
hardware warranty does not include service to replace or repair damage to the product resulting
from accident, disaster, abuse, misuse, electrical stress, negligence, any non- Opengear
modification of the product except as provided or explicitly recommended by Opengear, or other
cause not arising out of defects in material or workmanship. This hardware warranty also does not
include service to replace or repair damage to the product if the serial number or seal or any part
thereof has been altered, defaced or removed. If Opengear does not find the product to be
defective, the Purchaser will be invoiced for said inspection and testing at Opengear's then current
rates, regardless of whether the product is under warranty.

RMA RETURN PROCEDURE

If this product requires service during the applicable warranty period, a Return Materials
Authorization (RMA) number must first be obtained from Opengear. Product that is returned to
Opengear for service or repair without an RMA number will be returned to the sender unexamined.
Product should be returned, freight prepaid, in its original or equivalent packaging, to:

KVM over IP User Manual Page 107 of 109

 Opengear Service Center
Suite A, 630 West 9560 South

Sandy, Utah 84070

Proof of purchase date must accompany the returned product and the Purchaser shall agree to
insure the product or assume the risk of loss of damage in transit. Contact Opengear by emailing
[email protected] for further information.

TECHNICAL SUPPORT
Purchaser is entitled to thirty (30) days free telephone support (USA ONLY) and twelve (12) months
free e-mail support (world wide) from date of purchase provided that the Purchaser first register
their product(s) with Opengear by filling in the on-line form:
http://www.opengear.com/registration.html.

Telephone support is only available from 9:00 AM to 5:00 PM, Mountain Time USA.
Opengear's standard warranty also includes free access to Opengear's Knowledge Base as well as
any application notes, white papers and other on-line resources that may become available from
time to time.
Opengear reserves the right to discontinue all support for products that are no longer covered by
warranty.

LIMITATION OF LIABILITY

No action, regardless of form, arising from this warranty may be brought by either party more than
two (2) years after the cause of action has occurred. Purchaser expressly agrees that Opengear's
liability, if any, shall be limited solely to the replacement or repair of the product in accordance
with the warranties specifically and expressly set forth herein. The remedies of the Purchaser are
the exclusive and sole remedies available, and, in the event of a breach or repudiation of any
provision of this agreement by Opengear, the Purchaser shall not be entitled to receive any
incidental damages as that term is defined in Section 2-715 of the Uniform Commercial Code.
Opengear waives the benefit of any rule that disclaimer of warranty shall be construed against
Opengear and agrees that such disclaimers herein shall be construed liberally in favor of Opengear.
THE FOREGOING WARRANTIES ARE THE SOLE ANDEXCLUSIVE WARRANTIES GIVEN IN CONNECTION
WITH THE PRODUCT AND THE HARDWARE. OPENGEAR DISCLAIMS ALL OTHER WARRANTIES,
EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTIES AS TO THE SUITABILITY
OR MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT OF
THIRD PARTY RIGHTS. OPENGEAR DOES NOT PROMISE THAT THE PRODUCT IS ERROR-FREE OR
WILL OPERATE WITHOUT INTERRUPTION. IN NO EVENT SHALL OPENGEAR BE LIABLE FOR ANY LOST

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OR ANTICIPATED PROFITS, OR ANY INCIDENTAL, EXEMPLARY, SPECIAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL
DAMAGES, REGARDLESS OF WHETHER OPENGEAR WAS ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
DAMAGES.

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