TECHNICAL STANDARD

REFRACTORY LININGS FOR AMMONIA

SERVICE P11-4TS-US-ON-M&U

DATE: 12 JUNE 2018 ENGINEERING SERVICES BY KBR TECHNICAL SERVICES, INC. PAGE 1 OF 30
Spec. Number Suffixes: US=based on US Codes, ON=for onshore projects, M&U=units used: SI metric and US Customary Units.

This document/software contains technical information that is subject to U.S. and any other applicable export control regulations, including restrictions on the export,
sale, or transfer of U.S.-origin items (goods, technology, or software) to sanctioned or embargoed countries, entities, or persons. It may not be exported or re-exported
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Section Title Page No.

1. GENERAL ...................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Scope .............................................................................................................................................. 1
1.2 Statutory Requirements .................................................................................................................. 2
1.3 Codes and Industry Standards ....................................................................................................... 2
1.4 Inspection........................................................................................................................................ 2
1.5 Quotations ....................................................................................................................................... 3
1.6 Records ........................................................................................................................................... 3
1.7 Review of Procedures and Reports ................................................................................................ 5
1.8 Documentation Summary ............................................................................................................... 5
2. APPLICATION OF REFRACTORY ............................................................................................... 5
2.1 General ........................................................................................................................................... 5
2.2 Temperature Control ....................................................................................................................... 7
2.3 Pneumatically Gunned Back-up (Insulating) Linings ...................................................................... 7
2.4 Cast Linings .................................................................................................................................... 9
2.5 Bubble Alumina Linings .................................................................................................................. 9
2.6 Curing ...........................................................................................................................................11
3. THERMAL DRYOUT ....................................................................................................................11
3.1 General .........................................................................................................................................11
3.2 Thermocouples .............................................................................................................................11
3.3 Burners .........................................................................................................................................12
3.4 Temperature Control .....................................................................................................................12
3.5 Dryout Schedule (Time/Temperature) ..........................................................................................12
4. TESTING OF REFRACTORY ......................................................................................................12
4.1 General .........................................................................................................................................12
4.2 Test Specimens and Procedures..................................................................................................13
4.3 Manufacturer's Tests Required Prior to Shipment of Refractory ..................................................15
4.4 Installer Qualification Tests for Gunned Insulating Refractory .....................................................17
4.5 Installer Qualification Tests for Cast Dense Refractory Over 105 pcf (1680 kg/cm³) ...................17
4.6 Production Tests for Gunned Refractory ......................................................................................18
4.7 Production Tests for Cast Refractory............................................................................................19
4.8 Testing of Refractory After Application of Lining ..........................................................................19
4.9 Repairs ..........................................................................................................................................20
4.10 Summary of Purchaser's Inspection and Testing Requirements and Rejection Criteria ..............20
5. PACKAGING AND HANDLING ...................................................................................................20
5.1 Shipping and Storage of Refractory ............................................................................................20
5.2 Storage and Shipment of Lined Equipment ..................................................................................21
6. REFRACTORY INSTALLATION LOG ........................................................................................22

1. GENERAL

1.1 Scope

1.1.1 This standard covers the requirements of shop and field applied refractory linings and supplements the
requirements for the piping or equipment to be lined.

CONFIDENTIALITY NOTICE: This document contains information that is proprietary to Kellogg Brown & Root, LLC. (KBR) and is to be
held in confidence. This document and the information contained herein shall not be copied or used for other than the purposes for which it
is or has been provided or disclosed in any form or medium to third parties, except as expressly permitted by KBR.
 TECHNICAL STANDARD
REFRACTORY LININGS FOR AMMONIA
SERVICE P11-4TS-US-ON-M&U

DATE: 12 JUNE 2018 ENGINEERING SERVICES BY KBR TECHNICAL SERVICES, INC. PAGE 2 OF 30
Spec. Number Suffixes: US=based on US Codes, ON=for onshore projects, M&U=units used: SI metric and US Customary Units.

1.1.2 The following information will be specified on Purchaser's drawings:

a. lining material (e.g., medium weight, two component, spalling resistance additives)

b. lining thickness

c. anchor type and material

d. location and construction details for expansion joints.

1.1.3 Deviations shall only be permitted by written permission from Purchaser. The requirements specified
herein are minimum and are in addition to or supplement the requirements of the refractory manufacturer
and installation contractor (installer). In any conflict between this standard, Purchaser's drawings, refractory
manufacturer or installer, the more stringent requirement shall apply. However, the conflict shall be referred
to Purchaser in writing for resolution before proceeding with the installation.

1.2 Statutory Requirements

The Purchaser and Supplier shall mutually determine the measures that must be taken to comply with all
applicable governmental codes, regulations, ordinances and rules which shall be applied as the first
precedence.

1.3 Codes, and Industry Standards

The following documents are referenced herein and form part of the Order. Current editions of the industry
standards including all mandatory addenda in effect at the time of the order shall apply unless otherwise
indicated. For any conflict with this standard, contact KBR for resolution.

AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE (API)

API 936, “Refractory Installation Quality Control – Inspection and Testing Monolithic Refractory
Linings and Materials”

AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS (ASTM)

ASTM C71, “Standard Terminology Relating to Refractories”
ASTM C113, "Reheat Change of Refractory Brick"
ASTM C133, "Cold Crushing Strength and Modulus of Rupture of Refractories"
ASTM C134, "Size, Dimensional Measurements, and Bulk Density of Refractory Brick and Insulating
Firebrick"
ASTM C179, "Drying and Firing Linear Change of Refractory Plastic and Ramming Mix Specimens"
ASTM C201, "Thermal Conductivity of Refractories"
ASTM C230, "Flow Table for Use in Tests of Hydraulic Cement"
ASTM C309, "Liquid Membrane-Forming Compounds for Curing Concrete"
ASTM C573, "Chemical Analysis of Fireclay and High-Alumina Refractories" (DISCONTINUED)
ASTM C862, "Preparing Refractory Concrete Specimens by Casting"
ASTM C865, "Firing Refractory Concrete Specimens"
ASTM C903, "Preparing Refractory Castable Specimens by Cold Gunning"

STEEL STRUCTURES PAINTING COUNCIL (SSPC)

SSPC SP 6, "Commercial Blast Cleaning"

1.4 Inspection

1.4.1 Purchaser’s Inspector shall be present during qualification tests, lining application and dryout.

CONFIDENTIALITY NOTICE: This document contains information that is proprietary to Kellogg Brown & Root, LLC. (KBR) and is to be
held in confidence. This document and the information contained herein shall not be copied or used for other than the purposes for which it
is or has been provided or disclosed in any form or medium to third parties, except as expressly permitted by KBR.
 TECHNICAL STANDARD
REFRACTORY LININGS FOR AMMONIA
SERVICE P11-4TS-US-ON-M&U

DATE: 12 JUNE 2018 ENGINEERING SERVICES BY KBR TECHNICAL SERVICES, INC. PAGE 3 OF 30
Spec. Number Suffixes: US=based on US Codes, ON=for onshore projects, M&U=units used: SI metric and US Customary Units.

1.4.2 Refractory installer shall notify Purchaser's Chief Inspector of the start date of any testing, application
or dryout activities at least two weeks prior to such date so that an inspector can be sent to the site.
Purchaser reserves the right to reject any refractory installed without notification.

1.5 Quotations

1.5.1 The Bidders quotation shall include the cost of refractory installation, including testing, sandblast,
curing and thermal dryout, based on Purchaser's specifications.

1.5.2 The Bidder shall be responsible for all facilities, materials, equipment, and personnel necessary to
install and test the refractory system. Included in the bidder’s scope of supply are all refractory, ceramic
fiber, insulation, fuel, temperature control and dryout, and all other miscellaneous materials. For cast linings,
supply of formwork shall be included in bidder’s scope of supply unless otherwise noted.

1.5.3 The Bidder shall submit the information listed below; failure to do so shall result in rejection of the bid.

a. refractory materials to be used with compliance data sheet for chemical and physical properties

b. subcontractors for heat cure, etc.

c. testing laboratory for crew qualification and refractory installation

d. provisions to be made to warehouse the refractory before installation

e. installation method for each piece of equipment if not specified by Purchaser.

f. Names of supervisor, nozzle man, mixer operator and installers that will be used for the application of the
refractory involved, as well as a description of the individuals' past experience in applying:

- Refractory of the brand and type proposed

- Refractory in equipment of diameters similar to those covered under the proposed scope of work
- Refractory by the application methods proposed

g. Name and telephone number of reference contacts at plants for whom members of the team proposed
by the refractory installer have applied the type of refractory proposed.

h. Provide separate line item for the cost of an installation advisor from the refractory manufacturer to be
on site for the expected duration of the refractory installation into the equipment.

1.5.4 The Bidder may submit alternate quotations based on alternate refractories to those specified on KBR
Data Sheets, alternate procedures or other proposals provided all of the following are met:

a. The Bidder submits a base proposal strictly in accordance with the inquiry documents.

b. The Bidder fully details in his proposal any differences in procedures, etc., or the acceptance-rejection
criteria for alternate materials.

1.5.5 Alternates not accepted in writing by KBR shall not be used.

1.6 Records

1.6.1 The installer shall keep all records, test certificates, and batch sketches for five years and open to
inspection by the Purchaser.
CONFIDENTIALITY NOTICE: This document contains information that is proprietary to Kellogg Brown & Root, LLC. (KBR) and is to be
held in confidence. This document and the information contained herein shall not be copied or used for other than the purposes for which it
is or has been provided or disclosed in any form or medium to third parties, except as expressly permitted by KBR.
 TECHNICAL STANDARD
REFRACTORY LININGS FOR AMMONIA
SERVICE P11-4TS-US-ON-M&U

DATE: 12 JUNE 2018 ENGINEERING SERVICES BY KBR TECHNICAL SERVICES, INC. PAGE 4 OF 30
Spec. Number Suffixes: US=based on US Codes, ON=for onshore projects, M&U=units used: SI metric and US Customary Units.

1.6.2 The installation contractor shall develop an installation procedure for Purchaser's acceptance which
shall include but not be limited to:

a. mixer type, capacity and number

b. percentage range of water to be used

c. temperature range of dry material

d. temperature range of mixed material

e. mixing time

f. vibrator type, number, frequency, rated force, location, rated air pressure and actual air pressure

g. any deviation from material supplier's mixing and installation instructions

h. method of installation (pneumatic, cast, etc.)

i. positioning of equipment to be lined as well as mixer, gun or other equipment

j. procedure for completing cold joints at field and shop joints

k. method of removal of rebound from gunning operations

l. details of forms for cast applications.

1.6.3 For each item lined the installer shall make a detailed application record containing as a minimum the
following information:

a. Purchaser's Refractory Installation Log in accordance with Section 6 of this standard or equivalent.
b. Sketches showing:

- boundaries between refractory batches

- areas installed before and after breaks
- location from which samples were taken

The application record shall be used by the Purchaser to determine what needs to be replaced if an inferior
lining application occurs. Without a good record, the only criteria for removal will be the judgment of the
inspector.

1.6.4 For each item dried, the installer shall create a detail dryout control record containing the following
information as a minimum:

a. Dryout Procedure including temperature schedule and control thermocouple locations.

b. Sketch showing burner and thermocouple locations.

c. Record of actual temperatures, air flow and gas flow and pressure.

d. Description of any upsets and adjustments with the time noted.

CONFIDENTIALITY NOTICE: This document contains information that is proprietary to Kellogg Brown & Root, LLC. (KBR) and is to be
held in confidence. This document and the information contained herein shall not be copied or used for other than the purposes for which it
is or has been provided or disclosed in any form or medium to third parties, except as expressly permitted by KBR.
 TECHNICAL STANDARD
REFRACTORY LININGS FOR AMMONIA
SERVICE P11-4TS-US-ON-M&U

DATE: 12 JUNE 2018 ENGINEERING SERVICES BY KBR TECHNICAL SERVICES, INC. PAGE 5 OF 30
Spec. Number Suffixes: US=based on US Codes, ON=for onshore projects, M&U=units used: SI metric and US Customary Units.

1.7 Review of Procedures and Reports

1.7.1 The refractory installer must submit installation and dryout procedures for review and acceptance by
Purchaser prior to start of work.

1.7.2 If the installer has secured KBR acceptance for material substitution, the manufacturer’s qualification
test results in accordance with Paragraph 4.3.3 must be submitted for review and acceptance by KBR prior
to start of work.

1.8 Documentation Summary

The following is a summary of the documentation requirements of this specification with time of submission
indicated:

TABLE 1 - DOCUMENTATION
WITH QUOTATION BEFORE BEGINNING WORK RETAIN FOR 5 YEARS
Costs Installation and Dryout Procedures: Records:
Paragraph 1.5.1 Paragraphs 1.6.2, 1.6.4 a, and 1.6.4 b See list in Article 1.6

Bid Information: Material Qualification Test Results:

Paragraph 1.5.3 Paragraphs 1.7.2 and 4.3.3

Alternates:
Paragraph 1.5.4

2. APPLICATION OF REFRACTORY

2.1 General

2.1.1 Refractory shall be installed only by personnel thoroughly experienced in installing refractory using
materials and methods specified.

2.1.2 All heat treating, pressure testing, non-destructive examinations, etc., of the item to be lined shall have
been completed prior to applying lining. Pneumatic pressure testing may be performed after applying the
lining, if approved by Purchaser.

2.1.3 Refractory installer shall review and comment on extent of anchors and other obstructions present in
areas to be lined to ensure the placement of refractory without voids or low density areas.

2.1.4 Surfaces to be refractory lined shall be cleaned by sandblasting in accordance with SSPC SP 6.
Sandblasting shall take place after any heat treatment where applicable. Temporary welds or attachments
which would interfere with the lining shall be removed. All excessive weld slag shall be removed by grinder
or chipper before sandblasting. Sand from the sandblast shall be completely removed.

2.1.5 In dual layer linings, all anchors that will support the dense layer shall be clean and free of all backup
refractory before applying the dense lining.

2.1.6 When applying hydraulic setting refractories adjacent to existing or previously applied refractory,
thoroughly wet or seal the adjacent refractory surface before applying the new refractory.

2.1.7 Threaded attachments, such as stud bolts, shall be covered or otherwise protected in a manner which
will not interfere with the application of the lining.

CONFIDENTIALITY NOTICE: This document contains information that is proprietary to Kellogg Brown & Root, LLC. (KBR) and is to be
held in confidence. This document and the information contained herein shall not be copied or used for other than the purposes for which it
is or has been provided or disclosed in any form or medium to third parties, except as expressly permitted by KBR.
 TECHNICAL STANDARD
REFRACTORY LININGS FOR AMMONIA
SERVICE P11-4TS-US-ON-M&U

DATE: 12 JUNE 2018 ENGINEERING SERVICES BY KBR TECHNICAL SERVICES, INC. PAGE 6 OF 30
Spec. Number Suffixes: US=based on US Codes, ON=for onshore projects, M&U=units used: SI metric and US Customary Units.

2.1.8 All tools and equipment used shall be as clean as possible and shall be free from old refractory, dirt,
etc. Foreign materials, such as paper from the bags, shall be removed.

2.1.9 Immediately prior to installation, representative bags of refractory shall be dumped into an open
container (not the mixer) and inspected for any signs of hydration. Lumpy material shall not be used. Bags
containing suspect materials which are ripped, torn, or damaged in such a manner as to expose the contents
to the atmosphere shall be completely discarded. Fractional parts of a bag shall not be used.

2.1.10 Water used in refractories shall be clean and free of oil, acid, alkali, organic matter or other harmful
substances (i.e. of drinking quality). Chloride content shall not exceed 30 ppm.

2.1.11 Additives shall not be added to the mix to quicken the initial set or to decrease the overall setting
time.

2.1.12 A paddle type mixer shall be used to mix the refractory.

2.1.13 Refractory shall be installed monolithically to the thickness specified on Purchaser's drawing(s). The
lining shall be installed in a homogeneous mass and shall penetrate all crevices and completely surround all
anchors. Air pockets and voids shall be completely eliminated. Linings for nozzles or manholes may be
placed by precasting material to within 25 to 50 mm (1 to 2 in) of being flush with the inside diameter of the
shell.

2.1.14 Install 360-degree bands, full thickness, without interruptions in placing the bands. Whenever
possible and definitely where specified on Purchaser's drawings, adjacent bands shall be installed without
interruptions between bands. Edges of sections shall be cut off perpendicular to the shell, avoiding any
feather edges.

2.1.15 Except as noted on reference drawings, the thickness of refractory shall be held to ±6 mm (1/4 in).
The thickness of the back-up layer in dual layer lining shall be held to ±1/4 inch (6 mm). Any deficiency in
thickness shall be corrected by removing the refractory back to the shell and reapplying new refractory.
When contouring of miters and other irregular shapes are specified on Purchaser's drawing(s), such
contouring shall be monolithical with the rest of the refractory. Excessive thickness and/or surface
irregularities shall be struck off with a steel trowel before the refractory has set.

2.1.16 Orientation of equipment (vertical/horizontal) during refractory installation and thermal dryout shall be
as specified on Purchaser’s drawings. Any deviation to this requirement requires prior approval from the
Purchaser.

CONFIDENTIALITY NOTICE: This document contains information that is proprietary to Kellogg Brown & Root, LLC. (KBR) and is to be
held in confidence. This document and the information contained herein shall not be copied or used for other than the purposes for which it
is or has been provided or disclosed in any form or medium to third parties, except as expressly permitted by KBR.
 TECHNICAL STANDARD
REFRACTORY LININGS FOR AMMONIA
SERVICE P11-4TS-US-ON-M&U

DATE: 12 JUNE 2018 ENGINEERING SERVICES BY KBR TECHNICAL SERVICES, INC. PAGE 7 OF 30
Spec. Number Suffixes: US=based on US Codes, ON=for onshore projects, M&U=units used: SI metric and US Customary Units.

2.2 Temperature Control

2.2.1 In warm or cool weather, provisions must be made to maintain the water, refractory, workpiece and
surrounding ambient air at a moderate temperature. Listed below are the working temperature ranges for
these parameters:

TABLE 2
TYPE OF REFRACTORY
TEMPERATURE GUNNED CAST
REFRACTORY REFRACTORY
Dry Min. 15 C (60 F) 15 C (60 F)
Refractory Max. 30 C (90 F) 25 C (80 F)
Min. 10 C (50 F) 0 C (32 F)
Water
Max. 35 C (100 F) 25 C 80 F)
Mix or Min. 15 C (60 F) 15 C (60 F)
Premix Max. 30 C (90 F) 20 C (70 F)
Steel and/or Min. 15 C (60 F) 10 C (50 F)
Form During Application Max. 35 C (100 F) 25 C (80 F)
Ambient Temperature Around Min. 15 C (60 F) 15 C (60 F)
Workpiece During Application Max. 35 C (100 F) 25 C (80 F)
Curing - Shell and Min. 15 C (60 F) 15 C (60 F)
Immediate Area Around Max. 35 C (100 F) 35 C (100 F)
Storage of Lined Equipment Prior
Min. 5 C (35 F) 5 C (35 F)
to Thermal Dryout

2.2.2 Various means of maintaining temperature limits may be employed:

a. In warm weather: ice can be used to lower mix water temperature, but the ice must not be allowed to get
into the refractory mix. External water cooling (water shall not be applied directly to the refractory), night
application and shading from the sun may also be used.

b. In cool weather: the temperature may be raised by application of an external insulating membrane and
the internal temperature increased by circulation of warm humid air.

2.2.3 The mix temperature shall be recorded during installation by inserting a thermometer into the just
mixed material. Temperatures can be lowered by chilling both dry materials and water. A cooler mix
temperature requires less water, increases setting time and improves properties.

2.2.4 Curing temperatures shall be maintained for a minimum of 36 hours after curing has begun.

2.2.5 After curing is complete, refractory linings shall be maintained at a temperature above 0 C (32 F)
until completion of thermal dryout.

2.3 Pneumatically Gunned Back-up (Insulating) Linings

2.3.1 For pneumatically gunned refractory applications, the "dry method" of gunning must be used. The "dry
method" requires that most of the water be added at the nozzle. When gunning refractory, some water must
be pre-mixed with the refractory to avoid "dusting" and to prevent "crawling" of the applied refractory. The
premix water shall be added by a garden or other type sprinkler. A holding or soaking time may be required
between pre-mixing and installation depending on the type of refractory. The amount of pre-mix water added
and the length of soaking time shall be in accordance with the refractory manufacturer's recommendations.

a. Not enough pre-mix water will cause "dusting" and increase the possibility of laminations. Excessive
amount of pre-mix water will cause plugging of the flow lines.

CONFIDENTIALITY NOTICE: This document contains information that is proprietary to Kellogg Brown & Root, LLC. (KBR) and is to be
held in confidence. This document and the information contained herein shall not be copied or used for other than the purposes for which it
is or has been provided or disclosed in any form or medium to third parties, except as expressly permitted by KBR.
 TECHNICAL STANDARD
REFRACTORY LININGS FOR AMMONIA
SERVICE P11-4TS-US-ON-M&U

DATE: 12 JUNE 2018 ENGINEERING SERVICES BY KBR TECHNICAL SERVICES, INC. PAGE 8 OF 30
Spec. Number Suffixes: US=based on US Codes, ON=for onshore projects, M&U=units used: SI metric and US Customary Units.

b. Insufficient soak time will not provide enough of a "false set" of the refractory to prevent "crawling".
Excessive soak time will cause loss of refractory strength.

2.3.2 A maximum time limitation of 30 minutes shall exist between predampening and installation of the
gunned refractory.

2.3.3 Pneumatically gunned refractory shall be applied at the proper air pressure and shall be mixed with
water at the nozzle as recommended by the manufacturer to prevent excessive rebound or lamination.

a. Note that if too little water is added at the nozzle, resulting in a dry gunned refractory, that severe
laminations will appear in the cured refractory.

b. The optimum air pressure shall be determined during the qualification tests. Air pressure shall be
regulated so that it is supplied at a steady pressure. The gunning operation shall not continue if a
steady supply of air is not available.

2.3.4 It is important that the nozzle man be replaced if the quality of his work is hampered by fatigue. It is
suggested that a relay team be available.

2.3.5 The nozzle man shall maintain contact with the mixing machine operators so that starts, stops, or
upsets can be controlled. Head phones or other suitable means of communication shall be available for this
use.

2.3.6 The lining shall be applied circumferentially in monolithic full thickness bands starting at the bottom
and working upwards. Bands shall be 1 to 2 m (3 to 6 ft) high. If gunning is interrupted for any reason, the
refractory shall be cut back to the shell everywhere it is not full thickness forming a straight square
construction joint. Vertical cold joints caused by interruptions shall be at least 2 m (6 ft) apart with no more
than two cold joints in any 6 m (20 ft) span. Refractory with cold joints spaced closer may be rejected by
Purchaser. The curing of refractory already applied must proceed in accordance with this Standard
whenever application is interrupted.

2.3.7 Both horizontal and vertical shot boards must be utilized, but care shall be taken to avoid trapping
rebound. The procedure for gunning against shot boards shall be submitted to Purchaser’s inspector for
acceptance before proceeding with the installation.

2.3.8 When gunning, every effort shall be made to shoot at right angles to the surface being covered.
Refractories impinging on support plates and other projections fall back and form low density areas.
Shooting at an angle produces voids behind the anchors on the side away from the gun.

2.3.9 All rebound and loose material shall be removed from the surface of a completed band before
proceeding with the next band. All material hung up on anchors shall be cleared off. No rebound material
shall be allowed to accumulate at any point where the lining has already been applied. All rebound shall be
removed and discarded to prevent its inclusion in the lining. Under no circumstances is rebound material to
be reused.

2.3.10 Screeding will only be permitted when required for contouring purposes. The screeding of an area
shall not continue for more than 20 minutes following its application. The finished surface shall be
reasonably smooth and true to contour but shall not be troweled. Do not slick the surfaces of the lining to an
artificially smooth finish. Trowelling to a smooth surface separates the binder from the aggregate and
prevents proper curing.

CONFIDENTIALITY NOTICE: This document contains information that is proprietary to Kellogg Brown & Root, LLC. (KBR) and is to be
held in confidence. This document and the information contained herein shall not be copied or used for other than the purposes for which it
is or has been provided or disclosed in any form or medium to third parties, except as expressly permitted by KBR.
 TECHNICAL STANDARD
REFRACTORY LININGS FOR AMMONIA
SERVICE P11-4TS-US-ON-M&U

DATE: 12 JUNE 2018 ENGINEERING SERVICES BY KBR TECHNICAL SERVICES, INC. PAGE 9 OF 30
Spec. Number Suffixes: US=based on US Codes, ON=for onshore projects, M&U=units used: SI metric and US Customary Units.

2.4 Cast Linings

2.4.1 Components to be cast shall be placed in a vertical position. Open chutes can be used to bring
refractory to the top of the area being cast.

2.4.2 Strip casting will only be allowed when specified on Purchaser's drawings.

2.4.3 The quantity of refractory mixed at one time shall not be greater than can be poured before the initial
set begins.

2.4.4 Castable refractory not applied within one-half of the lesser of working time established by the
manufacturer on the material flow tests in accordance with Paragraph 4.2.12 or the installer test in
accordance with Article 4.5 after the addition of water shall be discarded and not reused.

2.4.5 For cast refractory applications, some of the water shall be placed in the mixer before the refractory is
added. The remainder of the water shall be added last. The refractory and the total water shall be mixed for
2 to 8 minutes. Actual mix time shall be determined by consultation with the material manufacturer and shall
be stated on the Suppliers detailed installation procedures submitted to KBR and shall be verified In the
Suppliers qualification and flow tests.

2.4.6 Casting forms shall be sized such that the maximum drop in casting does not exceed 3 m (10 ft),
unless approved in writing by Purchaser. Sections of forms shall be spaced so that construction joints do not
fall in nozzles or critical areas. Forms shall be strong enough and shall be so supported that they can resist
effects of vibration and of pressure of the material being cast without deformation or movement. Forms shall
be water tight. Longitudinal seams in forms shall be finished such that they do not leave a continuous,
permanent indentation in the refractory. There shall be a smooth transition between adjacent sections cast.
Form shall be made of epoxy coated steel to improve smoothness of the surface finish. Use of forms made
from materials other than steel requires prior approval by KBR. Forms shall be waxed with a silicone wax
and coated with a very thin coat of mineral oil to facilitate removal.

2.4.7 External vibration shall be used to consolidate material being cast and to eliminate air bubbles.
External vibration of the shell or forms of the component being cast will always be required. Internal (within
the refractory) vibration shall be used when required by the details of the component being cast. Refractory
installer must be experienced in the use of internal vibration and take extreme care not to leave voids in the
lining due to quick removal of internal vibrator. Refractory installer shall ensure that vibration used does not
cause segregation of refractory material, formation of air bubbles and/or damage to previously cast
refractory. Vibrators shall have a frequency of at least 230 cycles per second and a rating equal to the
weight of the refractory being cast plus steel shell and forms.

2.5 Bubble Alumina Linings

2.5.1 The equipment fabricator shall subcontract the installation of the refractory to a qualified refractory
installation contractor with satisfactory previous experience of installing bubbled alumina type refractory
behind metal shrouds. Written approval from KBR is required for refractory contractor selection. Note the
requirements of Paragraph 1.5.3 of this Standard that are to be submitted with the bid.

2.5.2 Castable shall not be applied or poured when the surface against which the castable is being applied
exceeds 25oC (80oF). Various methods of maintaining these limits may be employed, i.e., external water
cooling, night application, shading from sun, etc. Water and the dry materials of castables shall not be
subjected to extreme temperature conditions which would adversely accelerate or retard the rate of set of the
castable materials when hydrated. Refer to Paragraph 2.2.1 for additional temperature restrictions.

CONFIDENTIALITY NOTICE: This document contains information that is proprietary to Kellogg Brown & Root, LLC. (KBR) and is to be
held in confidence. This document and the information contained herein shall not be copied or used for other than the purposes for which it
is or has been provided or disclosed in any form or medium to third parties, except as expressly permitted by KBR.
 TECHNICAL STANDARD
REFRACTORY LININGS FOR AMMONIA
SERVICE P11-4TS-US-ON-M&U

DATE: 12 JUNE 2018 ENGINEERING SERVICES BY KBR TECHNICAL SERVICES, INC. PAGE 10 OF 30
Spec. Number Suffixes: US=based on US Codes, ON=for onshore projects, M&U=units used: SI metric and US Customary Units.

2.5.3 The quantity of castable material mixed at one time shall not be greater than can be poured prior to
initial set.

2.5.4 Mixing shall be done as follows, utilizing a paddle type mixer:

a. The lining applicator shall mix the refractory with optimum water percent to ensure the refractory can be
installed in the annulus and also develop adequate strength as defined in this specification. Water used
for mixing shall be 17 to 21% by weight of the material. The maximum water content must be less than
the amount which will cause the bubble alumina aggregate to segregate during mixing and pouring of
the qualification test or actual pour.

b. To maintain water content, use containers that will hold no more than the said amount for each mixing
operation.

1. A minimum of 2 bags of 45 kg (100 lb) each shall be used in each mixing operation.

2. First pour one-half of the required water in the mixer while the mixer is running.

3. Add material and then add remaining half of the measured water. Mark zero time for beginning of
mixing duration.

4. Mix for two minutes.

5. As soon as mix is dumped out, add to the empty mixer one-half of the water to be used for the next
mix and continue.

6. Mixed material shall not be left waiting and must be poured immediately or discarded. Delays in
pouring will cause the material to set and lose its workability and ease of flow. Under normal
circumstances, pouring and placing shall be done not more than five minutes between mixes. It is
recommended that a spare, stand-by mixer be available at all times during the application.

2.5.5 Pouring Instructions:

a. Care shall be taken to ensure that each space is filled and free of cavities.

b. In transporting the castable material, precautions shall be taken to prevent the separation of aggregate
and cement.

c. Poured castable materials shall be deposited in a uniform manner which will prevent segregation of the
materials. It shall be deposited as nearly as practical in its final position with the free fall limited to a
maximum of 1 meter.

d. Bubbled alumina castable material shall not be applied by pumping.

e. Poured linings shall be compacted by spading, vibrating and by tapping of the liners. Compacting shall
be done with care so as to avoid segregation of the materials and damage to previously placed portions
of the lining.

CAUTION: Vigorous and extended vibration will damage refractory and it is therefore prohibited.

f. Work shall not be terminated until a panel or section is finished.

CONFIDENTIALITY NOTICE: This document contains information that is proprietary to Kellogg Brown & Root, LLC. (KBR) and is to be
held in confidence. This document and the information contained herein shall not be copied or used for other than the purposes for which it
is or has been provided or disclosed in any form or medium to third parties, except as expressly permitted by KBR.
 TECHNICAL STANDARD
REFRACTORY LININGS FOR AMMONIA
SERVICE P11-4TS-US-ON-M&U

DATE: 12 JUNE 2018 ENGINEERING SERVICES BY KBR TECHNICAL SERVICES, INC. PAGE 11 OF 30
Spec. Number Suffixes: US=based on US Codes, ON=for onshore projects, M&U=units used: SI metric and US Customary Units.

2.6 Curing

2.6.1 Hydraulic setting refractory linings shall be cured by being kept moist during their period of hydration.
The curing shall consist of two 0.3 to 0.4 mm (10 to 15 mil) coats of fugitive dye, resin curing compound
(ASTM C309 Type 1-D, Class B) and shall be started within 40 minutes of application or sooner if the
exposed refractory surface appears dry to the touch.

2.6.2 Casting forms shall remain in place for a minimum of 48 hours after completion of casting – the piping
or equipment shall not be moved during this time. Air drying shall be done for a minimum of 24 hours after
the forms are removed.

2.6.3 Unless otherwise accepted in writing by KBR, refractory that will not be thermally dried out within
4 weeks of installation shall be coated with Thermal Ceramics Kaoseal. For gunned linings, Kaoseal shall be
used in lieu of curing compound. For cast linings, Kaoseal shall be applied after form removal.

3. THERMAL DRYOUT

3.1 General

3.1.1 All new linings and old linings that have been water soaked, shall be dried out in accordance with the
procedure given below.

3.1.2 Shop applied refractory shall be cured in the shop by the refractory installer or his subcontractor
unless specifically stated otherwise on the drawings.

3.1.3 Dryout shall be performed by companies specializing in refractory lining dryout unless otherwise
authorized by Purchaser.

3.1.4 Cold shell designed components (insulating refractory linings) shall be heat dried by the flow of hot air
on the inside surface of the lining, not in a furnace. Hot shell design components (thin erosion linings) may
be heat dried either by hot air or in a furnace.

3.2 Thermocouples

3.2.1 Before dryout begins, sufficient temperature measuring devices shall be installed to monitor
temperature throughout the lined area to be dried. Accurate drying control requires correct location of
thermocouple probes, efficient heating apparatus and a conscientious operator. Thermocouple probes shall
be placed 12 mm (1/2 in) away from the lining surface in several areas (except f.):

a. In the hot air stream just beyond the flame source

b. At the refractory surface where the hottest air will impinge
c. At the hot face of the refractory nearest the outlet end
d. As low and remote as possible from burners, gas stream and exhausts
e. In the outlet gas streams
f. On the vessel shell or refractory cold face

3.2.2 At least two probes shall be placed in areas b, c and d to preclude loss of control if one fails during the
drying cycle. It is essential that temperature control be based on the maximum temperature read from the
hottest thermocouple in areas b, c, or d. Temperatures referred to in Article 3.5 are those measured in areas
b, c, d and e. Temperature of thermocouples in areas a and f are for reference only and shall not be used for
control.
CONFIDENTIALITY NOTICE: This document contains information that is proprietary to Kellogg Brown & Root, LLC. (KBR) and is to be
held in confidence. This document and the information contained herein shall not be copied or used for other than the purposes for which it
is or has been provided or disclosed in any form or medium to third parties, except as expressly permitted by KBR.
 TECHNICAL STANDARD
REFRACTORY LININGS FOR AMMONIA
SERVICE P11-4TS-US-ON-M&U

DATE: 12 JUNE 2018 ENGINEERING SERVICES BY KBR TECHNICAL SERVICES, INC. PAGE 12 OF 30
Spec. Number Suffixes: US=based on US Codes, ON=for onshore projects, M&U=units used: SI metric and US Customary Units.

3.3 Burners

3.3.1 Burners shall be installed to avoid overheating damage to refractory, refractory supports, and other
components. The number and size of burners shall be sufficient to achieve the required temperature
schedules. Direct flame impingement on refractory surfaces is not allowed.

3.3.2 Burners shall be equipped with air blowers capable of maintaining excess combustion air at all times.
The blowers shall also be capable of moving air through the lined parts at velocities high enough to evenly
heat all areas of the refractory being dried.

3.3.3 The volume of air passing through the lined equipment must be sufficient to avoid saturation before it
reaches the outlet. Blower capacity shall be sized such that both of the following requirements are met:

a. A minimum blower capacity of 60 cubic meters per hour at ambient temperature is required for each
square meter of refractory surface area (200 cubic feet per hour for each square foot).

b. Burners shall have a capacity of at least 50% excess air at maximum intended firing rate.

3.4 Temperature Control

3.4.1 When steam or water appears while raising gas temperatures during dryout, the temperature shall be
held until the steam or water has vanished.

3.4.2 If an assembly of components contains linings requiring different temperature schedules, the slowest
changing schedule shall be used.

3.4.3 Occasionally, because of the size or configuration of the unit involved, all the gas monitoring points
cannot be maintained within the temperature ranges specified. Temperature lags in some areas of a lining
will require extending ramp rates in the schedule so that the required ramp rate is achieved for all areas.

3.4.4 Once begun, the drying out procedure must not be stopped or interrupted. In an emergency, the lining
must be kept as warm as possible. When cooling down cannot be avoided, subsequent reheating must be
not greater than 50oC (100oF) per hour until the temperature at which cooling began, is achieved, then the
original dryout schedule shall be followed.

3.4.5 During startup, assuming that the dryout procedure specified below has been performed, the system
shall be brought to operating temperature at a gas temperature rate not exceeding 50oC (100oF) per hour.

3.4.6 In cooling, do not exceed a gas cooling rate of 50oC (100oF) per hour.

3.5 Dryout Schedule (Time/Temperature)

See Pressure Vessel Dryout Specification, Heat Exchanger Dryout Specification or KBR drawings for dryout
schedule. If not specified by Purchaser, dryout schedule shall be established by refractory installer, but in no
case shall the heat-up rate be faster than that recommended by the refractory manufacturer.

4. TESTING OF REFRACTORY

4.1 General

4.1.1 All tests except laboratory tests shall be witnessed by Purchaser's Inspector.

CONFIDENTIALITY NOTICE: This document contains information that is proprietary to Kellogg Brown & Root, LLC. (KBR) and is to be
held in confidence. This document and the information contained herein shall not be copied or used for other than the purposes for which it
is or has been provided or disclosed in any form or medium to third parties, except as expressly permitted by KBR.
 TECHNICAL STANDARD
REFRACTORY LININGS FOR AMMONIA
SERVICE P11-4TS-US-ON-M&U

DATE: 12 JUNE 2018 ENGINEERING SERVICES BY KBR TECHNICAL SERVICES, INC. PAGE 13 OF 30
Spec. Number Suffixes: US=based on US Codes, ON=for onshore projects, M&U=units used: SI metric and US Customary Units.

4.1.2 All laboratory test results shall be accepted in writing by Purchaser's Inspector prior to acceptance of
the refractory installation.

4.1.3 All laboratory tests shall be performed by a laboratory acceptable to Purchaser.

4.1.4 The qualification tests shall be conducted in accordance with the refractory installation procedure
developed by the installation contractor.

4.1.5 All qualification tests must be accepted by Purchaser before any refractory is installed.

4.1.6 Appendix 1 of this Specification lists the acceptable limits on the sample test results and applies to
material supplier tests, qualification tests, production tests and core samples. Purchaser’s Inspector can
reject all or part of a refractory lining for infractions of either this standard, techniques proven in the
qualification tests or for failure of the sample tests as measured against the values listed in Appendix 1.

4.2 Test Specimens and Procedures

4.2.1 Quantity and type of tests and specimens required are as follows:

a. Unless otherwise noted, a "set" of test specimens shall consist of the following:
(Requirements for chemical analysis, thermal conductivity, and flow tests are given separately)

1. Two (2) compressive strength and density specimens

2. One (1) permanent linear change specimen

b. For production tests, in addition to the specimens noted in 4.2.1 a. above, reserve specimens shall be
taken as follows:

1. Two (2) reserve compressive strength and density specimens

2. One (1) reserve permanent linear change specimen

The reserve specimens are not to be tested unless a problem is noted in testing. Use of reserve
specimens requires Purchaser’s approval. Purchaser may require that reserve specimen test values be
averaged with original production tests.

c. Where two (2) specimens are required, the test values of the two specimens may be averaged for
acceptance-rejection criteria, however, both values shall be reported.

d. Thermal conductivity tests are only required for manufacturer tests and gunning qualification unless
waived in accordance with Paragraph 4.3.3.

e. Chemical analysis is only required for manufacturer testing unless waived in accordance with
Paragraph 4.3.3.

f. Manufacturer's flow tests are only required for casting applications and are not required for back-up
insulating linings in dual layer systems or for bubble alumina.

4.2.2 Dimensions of Tests specimens shall be as follows:

a. Compressive strength specimens shall be 50 mm x 50 mm x 50 mm (2 in x 2 in x 2 in).

b. Permanent linear change specimens shall be 50 mm x 50 mm x 230 mm (2 in x 2 in x 9 in).

CONFIDENTIALITY NOTICE: This document contains information that is proprietary to Kellogg Brown & Root, LLC. (KBR) and is to be
held in confidence. This document and the information contained herein shall not be copied or used for other than the purposes for which it
is or has been provided or disclosed in any form or medium to third parties, except as expressly permitted by KBR.
 TECHNICAL STANDARD
REFRACTORY LININGS FOR AMMONIA
SERVICE P11-4TS-US-ON-M&U

DATE: 12 JUNE 2018 ENGINEERING SERVICES BY KBR TECHNICAL SERVICES, INC. PAGE 14 OF 30
Spec. Number Suffixes: US=based on US Codes, ON=for onshore projects, M&U=units used: SI metric and US Customary Units.

c. Dimensions of the specimens shall be held to plus ±1 mm (1/16 in) in any direction. Samples shall have
perpendicular sides to allow full compressive strength to be developed and to allow volume
measurements to be made.

4.2.3 The technique used to pack the sample molds shall be as close as possible to the technique used to
install the refractory (except that for manufacturer's tests a Hobart mixer shall be used for mixing the
refractory). All test specimens (manufacturer and site) shall be placed in the molds no sooner than
15 minutes after addition of water to the mixer. Specimens shall be cast in either plastic or metal molds of
the specified size. Strike off any excess material and smooth the surfaces using a minimum amount of
trowelling. After packing, no special dressing, trowelling, or brushing shall be done to the abrasion samples
which would segregate the fine aggregate at the top of the sample.

4.2.4 See ASTM C862 for additional parameters not specified on this standard.

4.2.5 Cure hydraulically bonded refractories by covering mold with an impermeable membrane immediately
after casting.

4.2.6 Fire specimens to 815C (1500F) in accordance with ASTM C865.

4.2.7 The permanent linear change test shall be performed by measuring the 9 inch (230 mm) direction of
the length of the mold (L0) and then measuring at room temperature, the length of the test specimen after the
815C (1500F) firing (L1). Refer to ASTM C113 and C179 for parameters not given in this standard. The
percent permanent linear change shall be calculated from the following expression:

100 (L1 - L0)

% Permanent Linear Change = ------------------------
L0

4.2.8 The density of the dried specimens shall be determined in accordance with ASTM C134 after the
815C (1500F) drying.

4.2.9 The compressive strength of dried specimens shall be tested as follows:

a. Loading head of the test machine used shall have spherical bearing block pin accordance with
ASTM C133.

b. Load shall be applied to the surfaces of the specimen that are perpendicular to the direction of casting.

c. Cardboard shims 1 mm (1/16 in) minimum thickness shall be placed between the test machine surfaces
and the sample.

d. Testing machine used shall have a minimum sensitivity and maximum loading rate of:

- For refractories 1680 kg/m3 (105 pcf) and less density, 50 kg (100 lb) per division and 20 kg/cm2
(300 psi) per minute.

- For refractories over 1680 kg/m3 (105 pcf) density, 250 kg (500 lb) per division and 130 kg/cm2
(1800 psi) per minute.

e. The compressive strength of the specimens shall be calculated and reported in psi (kg/cm2).

f. Refer to ASTM C133 for parameters not given in this standard.

CONFIDENTIALITY NOTICE: This document contains information that is proprietary to Kellogg Brown & Root, LLC. (KBR) and is to be
held in confidence. This document and the information contained herein shall not be copied or used for other than the purposes for which it
is or has been provided or disclosed in any form or medium to third parties, except as expressly permitted by KBR.
 TECHNICAL STANDARD
REFRACTORY LININGS FOR AMMONIA
SERVICE P11-4TS-US-ON-M&U

DATE: 12 JUNE 2018 ENGINEERING SERVICES BY KBR TECHNICAL SERVICES, INC. PAGE 15 OF 30
Spec. Number Suffixes: US=based on US Codes, ON=for onshore projects, M&U=units used: SI metric and US Customary Units.

4.2.10 Thermal conductivity shall be measured in accordance with ASTM C201.

4.2.11 Chemical analysis shall be measured in accordance with ASTM C573.

4.2.12 Manufacturer's flow test is to be conducted similar to ASTM C230. Manufacturer shall conduct flow
test using 100% water (see Subparagraph 4.3.4 d). Material temperature is to be 25oC (80oF). The table
shall be "tapped" 15 times. The use of pneumatic or electric vibrators, etc., is not allowed. Two tests are to
be conducted with identical parameters except as follows:

a. Test 1 is to be conducted immediately after mixing.

b. Test 2 is to be conducted at the maximum working time of the material. The material must sit in the
mold for the working time.

Report results of test 2 as a percent (%) of flow obtained. Working time has expired when flow of Test 2 is
40% or less of flow obtained from Test 1 or 40% or less of total flow.

D2 - D0 < 0.40 (D1-D0) or D2 - D0 < 0.40 (D0)

Where,

D0 = Diameter of flow cone

D1 = Average diameter of material after Test 1
D2 = Average diameter of material after Test 2

Note: If initial flow diameter (D1) is less than 40% or if working time is less than 15 minutes, flowability is
insufficient and material does not qualify.

D1 - D0 < 0.40 (D0)

4.3 Manufacturer's Tests Required Prior to Shipment of Refractory

4.3.1 Prior to shipment of refractory to site of refractory application, refractory manufacturer shall test the
quality of the refractory produced to ensure that it meets with requirements of this standard. These tests
shall be performed not more than three months prior to the installation of the refractory.

4.3.2 Each bag of a day's production of refractory material shall be clearly stamped with the supplier's code
number for that day. Each successive pallet will be clearly marked with a second identifying number or
letter. Different batches shall not be inter-mixed on the same pallet unless approved in writing by Purchaser.

4.3.3 Material Qualification Test

a. In order to qualify the refractory material, the Purchaser's Inspector shall select one (1) random sample
of each material to be used. The following tests are required from a single mix:

- Compressive strength and density (two (2) specimens required in accordance with Paragraph 4.2.1)
- Permanent Linear Change
- Thermal Conductivity
- Chemical Analysis
- Material flow test (required for casting materials with densities over 105 pcf (1680 kg/cm3) only).

b. KBR may waive the manufacturer's chemical analysis and thermal conductivity tests required by 4.3.3.a
provided all of the following are met:

- Waiver is requested prior to manufacture of material

CONFIDENTIALITY NOTICE: This document contains information that is proprietary to Kellogg Brown & Root, LLC. (KBR) and is to be
held in confidence. This document and the information contained herein shall not be copied or used for other than the purposes for which it
is or has been provided or disclosed in any form or medium to third parties, except as expressly permitted by KBR.
 TECHNICAL STANDARD
REFRACTORY LININGS FOR AMMONIA
SERVICE P11-4TS-US-ON-M&U

DATE: 12 JUNE 2018 ENGINEERING SERVICES BY KBR TECHNICAL SERVICES, INC. PAGE 16 OF 30
Spec. Number Suffixes: US=based on US Codes, ON=for onshore projects, M&U=units used: SI metric and US Customary Units.

- Material substitution is not requested

- Material manufacturer certifies that properties meet values specified in Appendix 1 of this
Specification
- Material is purchased and manufactured in the U.S.A.

c. For gunned material the results of the qualification test in accordance with Paragraph 4.4.5 for thermal
conductivity may be substituted for the manufacturer's test.

d. Material flow tests will not be waived.

4.3.4 Quality Control Tests

a. The following tests shall be conducted on random samples from each batch of refractory:

- Compressive strength and density (two (2) specimens required in accordance with Paragraph 4.2.1)
- Permanent Linear Change

b. A random sample shall be selected for one (1) set of tests for each 5 tons or smaller batch of refractory
for materials with densities 1680 kg/m3 (105 pcf)and less, for bubble alumina refractories, and for
gunning mixes.

c. For dense castables over 1680 kg/m3 (105 pcf), manufacturer is to conduct one set of tests on each
pallet of material produced. Of each 3 pallets of material produced, the first pallet shall be tested by
mixing 9% water by weight, the second by mixing 10% water by weight and the third by mixing 11%
water by weight. The pallets with tests mixed at 9% and 10% water must meet the requirements listed
in Appendix 1 of this specification. The tests at 11% water are for the information of the installer and
inspector only.

d. As an alternate to c. above, for free flowing materials with extended working time, the manufacturer may
run the tests as noted below:

1. The manufacturer must qualify his material with two flow tests of the actual production material.
Tests are to be conducted in accordance with Paragraph 4.2.12 and ASTM C230 except as noted.

2. The tests shall use the manufacturer's recommended water content (That is the water to be used for
mixing for tests as noted in 2 below. If the water content is different from that shown on the bag or
other instructions, the manufacturer shall furnish an explanation and note the difference to the
installer.)

3. The second test must be conducted after the refractory has set in the mold undisturbed for 30
minutes. For the test to pass, D2 must exceed 140% of D0 and D2 - D0 must be greater than 40% of
D1 - D0.

4. Test one pallet out of every three at the manufacturer's recommended water content. The test
results must meet 90% of manufacturer's published values for cold crushing strength or MOR and
must meet the values listed for 9% water in Appendix 1 for the remaining values.

5. Test the second pallet out of every three at 110% of manufacturer's recommended water content.
The test results must meet the values listed for 10% water in Appendix 1.

6. Test the third pallet out of every three at 120% of manufacturer's recommended water content.
Report the results for the installer's and inspector's information only.

CONFIDENTIALITY NOTICE: This document contains information that is proprietary to Kellogg Brown & Root, LLC. (KBR) and is to be
held in confidence. This document and the information contained herein shall not be copied or used for other than the purposes for which it
is or has been provided or disclosed in any form or medium to third parties, except as expressly permitted by KBR.
 TECHNICAL STANDARD
REFRACTORY LININGS FOR AMMONIA
SERVICE P11-4TS-US-ON-M&U

DATE: 12 JUNE 2018 ENGINEERING SERVICES BY KBR TECHNICAL SERVICES, INC. PAGE 17 OF 30
Spec. Number Suffixes: US=based on US Codes, ON=for onshore projects, M&U=units used: SI metric and US Customary Units.

4.3.5 The pallet of refractory for which test results do not meet the values specified, shall be rejected. A
random sample will then be selected from the preceding and succeeding pallet of material with the same
code number. If either of these samples does not meet specified values, the entire day's run shall be
rejected, unless otherwise approved by Purchaser.

4.3.6 All manufacturer test reports shall be furnished to the Purchaser and the installer. The report shall
include the refractory and pallet code number, production date, water content of mix and test results.

4.4 Installer Qualification Tests for Gunned Insulating Refractory

4.4.1 Each personnel or nozzle operator who will install the lining and at least one backup crew, shall gun an
0.5 m (18 in) square approximate size test panel for each material to be installed. Installer may present
alternate size panels for Purchaser's approval. Use the pre-wet, gunning pressures, feed wheel setting and
material at the hose length to be used on the job site.

4.4.2 Purchaser's Inspector will select a position for the panel to be gunned that most closely approximates
the actual installation.

4.4.3 Metal anchors, (except in areas where test specimens will be cut out) refractory thickness and method
of mixing and of application used for the test panels shall be the same as specified for the actual refractory
lining.

4.4.4 The test panels shall be sprayed with curing compound within 40 minutes after being gunned and
allowed to air cure for 24 hours at 15 to 35oC (60 to 100oF). The test panels shall then be hammer tested by
Purchaser's representative. After curing, a set of test specimens shall be cut from the test panel and dried
and tested per Article 4.2. Each test panel shall then be broken into pieces to ensure the uniform distribution
of materials and proper density and the absence of voids and rebound.

4.4.5 One (1) test panel for each refractory material shall be tested for Thermal Conductivity regardless of
the number of crews qualifying. If the Manufacturer Qualification Test has been waived in accordance with
Subparagraph 4.3.3 b by KBR, the Installer Qualification Test for Thermal Conductivity is also waived.

4.4.6 Refer to ASTM C903 for additional details not specified in this standard.

4.4.7 Test results must meet the values specified in Appendix 1 of this Specification. A successful test
panel qualifies the applicable operator for the installation of the actual lining.

4.5 Installer Qualification Test for Cast Dense Refractory over 1680 kg/cm3(105 pcf)

4.5.1 In developing his installation procedure for dense castables over 105 pcf (1680 kg/cm3), the
subcontractor must determine the optimum water content to cast the refractory material with. To determine
maximum water content, subcontractor shall have a sample of the actual material tested at 5 different water
contents, starting at the manufacturer's recommended water content as follows:
Test 1 - 100% of manufacturer's recommended water
Test 2 - 105% of manufacturer's recommended water
Test 3 - 110% of manufacturer's recommended water
Test 4 - 115% of manufacturer's recommended water
Test 5 - 120% of manufacturer's recommended water

a. Cold crushing strength, density, permanent linear change and flow shall be measured. (MOR may be
substituted for Cold Crushing Strength.)
CONFIDENTIALITY NOTICE: This document contains information that is proprietary to Kellogg Brown & Root, LLC. (KBR) and is to be
held in confidence. This document and the information contained herein shall not be copied or used for other than the purposes for which it
is or has been provided or disclosed in any form or medium to third parties, except as expressly permitted by KBR.
 TECHNICAL STANDARD
REFRACTORY LININGS FOR AMMONIA
SERVICE P11-4TS-US-ON-M&U

DATE: 12 JUNE 2018 ENGINEERING SERVICES BY KBR TECHNICAL SERVICES, INC. PAGE 18 OF 30
Spec. Number Suffixes: US=based on US Codes, ON=for onshore projects, M&U=units used: SI metric and US Customary Units.

b. Flow tests will be in accordance with Paragraph 4.5.4 of this specification.

c. The water content used for the mock-up and the actual pour shall not exceed that which gives cold
crushing strength values less than 350 kg/cm 2 (5000 psi) or 63 kg/cm2 (900 psi) MOR.

d. The remaining test values must meet the qualification test values listed in Appendix 1. In no event shall
water be greater than 120% of manufacturer's recommended water content.

4.5.2 The subcontractor shall also submit a procedure for vibrating the refractory. This procedure shall
include the number and type of vibrators, their location, method of attachment, force output, air or electrical
requirements and number of spares. The procedure shall also show the air source and capacity as well as
manifolds and valves, etc., for control. Attachment details for the vibrators shall also be noted along with
means to keep them from coming loose due to their own vibration. If vibrators will be moved as the work
progresses, the procedure shall show the initial location and the location of vibrators after each move. If
vessel has been painted prior to refractory installation, supplier shall install heavy paper, etc., under vibrator
bands to minimize paint damage.

4.5.3 Using the above procedure, the subcontractor shall make a trial mix and pour a test cylinder (“mock
up”) for testing the physical properties of the material and for verifying subcontractor's installation procedures
and technique. The test cylinder configuration shall approximate the equipment being lined. For dual layer
equipment the test cylinder shall be dual layer. The test cylinder shall have removable forms inside and
outside; and shall be of sufficient size to have samples cut. Half of the cylinder is to have anchors and half is
to be bare to allow for sample removal. Sufficient time shall be allowed before the actual installation, to
obtain test results and/or to alter the mixing and installation procedure if the tests are unacceptable. Test
results shall meet values given in Appendix 1.

4.5.4 Installer Flow Test

a. For all materials, make a mix at the highest temperature allowed for the actual pour and at the lowest
water content to be used for the pour.

b. Measure time from the addition of the water to the mixer. Pour a large double hand full of material into
each of 2 sealed heavy plastic bags and let it sit quietly. At 5 minute intervals, pick up one bag, turn it
over and gently shake it by hand. Gently shake the other bag in place where it sits, without picking it up
at 5 minute intervals.

c. Record the results at each interval, particularly when there is any change in consistency in the material.
For each interval, also note such things as is the material fluid when first picked up or does it only regain
its fluidity after some amount of shaking.

d. Note the time when the material is no longer fluid when gently shaken and subtract 5 minutes. Actual
working time during the actual pour is limited to half of the lesser of this time or the time determined by
the manufacturer's flow test.

4.6 Production Tests for Gunned Refractory

4.6.1 Each crew shall gun one test panel per shift. The panel will normally be gunned at the beginning of
the shift, unless otherwise requested by Purchaser’s inspector.

4.6.2 Specimens shall be cured, dried and tested in accordance with Articles 4.2 and 4.4. Test results must
meet the values specified in Appendix 1 of this Specification.

CONFIDENTIALITY NOTICE: This document contains information that is proprietary to Kellogg Brown & Root, LLC. (KBR) and is to be
held in confidence. This document and the information contained herein shall not be copied or used for other than the purposes for which it
is or has been provided or disclosed in any form or medium to third parties, except as expressly permitted by KBR.
 TECHNICAL STANDARD
REFRACTORY LININGS FOR AMMONIA
SERVICE P11-4TS-US-ON-M&U

DATE: 12 JUNE 2018 ENGINEERING SERVICES BY KBR TECHNICAL SERVICES, INC. PAGE 19 OF 30
Spec. Number Suffixes: US=based on US Codes, ON=for onshore projects, M&U=units used: SI metric and US Customary Units.

4.7 Production Tests for Cast Refractory

4.7.1 Production test specimens shall be prepared using samples from random batches of the installed
refractory mixes as indicated by Purchaser's inspector.

4.7.2 The more stringent of the following criteria is applicable in determining the number of tests required.

a. One set of tests for every 3 m (10 ft) of equipment length lined,

b. One set of tests per shift or

c. One set of tests for each separate item and for each section of large items.

d. One set of tests for each material used.

4.7.3 Testing shall be in accordance with Article 4.2.

4.7.4 Test results must meet the values specified in Appendix 1 of this Specification.

4.8 Testing of Refractory After Application of Lining

4.8.1 The entire refractory lining shall be visually inspected and hammer tested before dryout in order to
detect the presence of voids, areas that may be filled with dry materials, spalling, crumbling and improper
installation. The inspection shall be carried out no sooner than 72 hours after application of refractory.

4.8.2 Defects on the inside surface of cast refractory which meet any of the following criteria shall be
considered rejectable if Purchaser's inspector determines that the structural integrity of the lining is affected:

a. Isolated defects larger than 25 mm (1 in) in diameter and greater than 12 mm (1/2 in) deep.

b. Two or more defects larger than 12 mm (1/2 in) diameter and 1/4 inch (6 mm) deep that are located
within a 150 mm (6 in) diameter circle.

c. Multiple defects smaller than 12 mm (1/2 in) diameter and 12 mm (1/2 in) deep, located closer than
25 mm (1 in) apart.

4.8.3 Any cracking prior to thermal dryout shall be cause for rejection.

4.8.4 The hammer test shall consist of striking the entire refractory surface with a hammer at about 300 mm
(12 in) intervals. When areas with voids, laminations or areas filled with dry material are struck with the
hammer, a dull sound will be produced. Such areas are considered defective and shall be repaired.

4.8.5 The hammer test and visual inspection shall be repeated after dryout. The lining shall also be
inspected for cracking. Random cracks up to 1 mm (1/16 in) wide are considered normal after dryout on
thick linings. Areas containing cracks wider than 3 mm (1/8 in) or loose pieces of refractory are considered
defective. Such defective areas shall be repaired.

4.8.6 Purchaser shall have the right to request that core samples be cut from the lining if the quality of the
lining is questionable. Taking of these core samples and subsequent repairs shall be at refractory installer's
expense.

4.8.7 Refractory not meeting the specified properties or other provisions of this standard shall be replaced at
the installer's expense.
CONFIDENTIALITY NOTICE: This document contains information that is proprietary to Kellogg Brown & Root, LLC. (KBR) and is to be
held in confidence. This document and the information contained herein shall not be copied or used for other than the purposes for which it
is or has been provided or disclosed in any form or medium to third parties, except as expressly permitted by KBR.
 TECHNICAL STANDARD
REFRACTORY LININGS FOR AMMONIA
SERVICE P11-4TS-US-ON-M&U

DATE: 12 JUNE 2018 ENGINEERING SERVICES BY KBR TECHNICAL SERVICES, INC. PAGE 20 OF 30
Spec. Number Suffixes: US=based on US Codes, ON=for onshore projects, M&U=units used: SI metric and US Customary Units.

4.9 Repairs

4.9.1 When removing defective material, an area large enough to expose at least 3 anchors (each adjacent
to the others) shall be chiseled out completely to the equipment shell and until there is sound material on all
sides. All cuts shall be tapered back to the shell so that the area at the shell is larger than the area at the
internal face of the lining. The hole shall be cleared of all loose refractory. For hydraulically bonded
refractories, the adjacent material shall be thoroughly wetted before new refractory is applied. Never apply
new refractory adjacent to material which is still warm to the touch as a result of the dryout operation.

4.9.2 Refractory adjacent to areas removed for repair shall be hammer tested for soundness before
reinstallation of refractory.

4.9.3 All repaired areas shall be subjected to the same cure and dryout procedures given in this standard.

4.10 Summary of Purchaser's Inspection and Testing Requirements and Rejection Criteria

TABLE 3
MANUFACTURER SHOP OR FIELD APPLICATION REJECTION CRITERIA
TESTS
Post-
Pre-Shipment Qualification Production
Installation
Reject all bags torn or with
Visual Inspection for torn bags or lumps in material
lumpy material
Thermal Laboratory tests Laboratory Reject materials failing minimum
Conductivity required for material tests required specifications in accordance with
Chemical Qualification Tests for gunned Appendix 1.
Analysis Paragraph 4.3.3 material.
Paragraph
4.4.5
Flow Tests, Laboratory tests Laboratory Laboratory test Reject materials failing minimum
Density required Paragraphs test required. required. specifications in accordance with
Compressive 4.2.1, 4.2.12, 4.3.3, Paragraph. Paragraph 4.2.1, Appendix 1. Applicator replace
Strength, Linear and 4.3.4 4.2.1 Articles Articles 4.6 and material
Change 4.4 and 4.5 4.7
Structural Integrity Hammer test Reject: Voids, laminations, dry
Paragraphs inclusions, soft areas, thickness
4.8.4 and 4.8.5 discrepancy, or cracks
Cracks Para.'s 4.8.2, 4.8.3, 4.8.4, and
Visual 4.8.5
Inspection
Para.'s 4.8.1,
4.8.2, 4.8.3, and
4.8.5

5. PACKAGING AND HANDLING

5.1 Shipping and Storage of Refractory

5.1.1 Shipment of refractories shall be scheduled to ensure that the time between refractory manufacture
and refractory installation is less than 6 months.

5.1.2 Protection from moisture shall be provided during shipment of refractory. Refractory shall be
contained in multi-ply watertight bags on shrink-wrapped pallets and shipped in an enclosed trailer. On
overseas shipments or when prolonged field storage is anticipated, pallets shall be double shrink-wrapped
and the material shall be shipped and stored on standard sea containers.

CONFIDENTIALITY NOTICE: This document contains information that is proprietary to Kellogg Brown & Root, LLC. (KBR) and is to be
held in confidence. This document and the information contained herein shall not be copied or used for other than the purposes for which it
is or has been provided or disclosed in any form or medium to third parties, except as expressly permitted by KBR.
 TECHNICAL STANDARD
REFRACTORY LININGS FOR AMMONIA
SERVICE P11-4TS-US-ON-M&U

DATE: 12 JUNE 2018 ENGINEERING SERVICES BY KBR TECHNICAL SERVICES, INC. PAGE 21 OF 30
Spec. Number Suffixes: US=based on US Codes, ON=for onshore projects, M&U=units used: SI metric and US Customary Units.

5.1.3 Refractory shall be stored in a dry weathertight structure and not piled directly on the floor. Material
longest in storage shall be used first.

5.1.4 Refractory shall not be stacked more than 2 pallets high to prevent compaction.

5.2 Storage and Shipment of Lined Equipment

5.2.1 After installation, refractory shall be protected from rain and freezing conditions. Equipment lined with
refractory shall be protected and all openings sealed so that no water can collect on refractory lining.

5.2.2 Refractory lined equipment shall not be transported until at least 24 hours after the curing operation
has been completed. Rigging shall be such that flexure and distortion to not disturb the lining.

CONFIDENTIALITY NOTICE: This document contains information that is proprietary to Kellogg Brown & Root, LLC. (KBR) and is to be
held in confidence. This document and the information contained herein shall not be copied or used for other than the purposes for which it
is or has been provided or disclosed in any form or medium to third parties, except as expressly permitted by KBR.
 TECHNICAL STANDARD
REFRACTORY LININGS FOR AMMONIA
SERVICE P11-4TS-US-ON-M&U

DATE: 12 JUNE 2018 ENGINEERING SERVICES BY KBR TECHNICAL SERVICES, INC. PAGE 22 OF 30
Spec. Number Suffixes: US=based on US Codes, ON=for onshore projects, M&U=units used: SI metric and US Customary Units.

6. REFRACTORY INSTALLATION LOG

Project Page No. ____________

Installer Company Job No. _____________

Location Date ________________

Unit Lined_________________________________________

Materials Used_____________________________________

Atmospheric Conditions______________________________

Equipment Used____________________________________

Flow Test Results (min.) Manufacturers Installers______________

DRY MIX
MIX MFG. CODE WEIGHT OF AMOUNT OF MIX MIX
MAT'L WATER REMARKS
NO. (BATCH) MATERIALS WATER TEMP. TIME *
TEMP. TEMP.

* Allowable = 1/2 of smaller of manufacturers or installers flow test.

CONFIDENTIALITY NOTICE: This document contains information that is proprietary to Kellogg Brown & Root, LLC. (KBR) and is to be
held in confidence. This document and the information contained herein shall not be copied or used for other than the purposes for which it
is or has been provided or disclosed in any form or medium to third parties, except as expressly permitted by KBR.
 TECHNICAL STANDARD
REFRACTORY LININGS FOR AMMONIA
SERVICE P11-4TS-US-ON-M&U

DATE: 12 JUNE 2018 ENGINEERING SERVICES BY KBR TECHNICAL SERVICES, INC. PAGE 23 OF 30
Spec. Number Suffixes: US=based on US Codes, ON=for onshore projects, M&U=units used: SI metric and US Customary Units.

APPENDIX 1
TABLE 4
ACCEPTABLE REFRACTORY MATERIALS, MANUFACTURERS AND ACCEPTANCE – REJECTION
TEST VALUES
Refractory Type Insulating
Refractory Designation RESCO Cast 3A
Refractory Manufacturer RESCO
Required Installation Method Gunned
Installation
Tests by Manufacturer Production Tests
Type of Test Qualification Tests
Cast Cubes (Note a) (Note f)
(Note c)
Minimum Required 300 psi 350 psi 300 psi
Cold Crushing Strength (21 kg/cm²) (25 kg/cm²) (21 kg/cm²)
Minimum Required 100 psi 150 psi 125 psi
Modules of Rupture (Note i) (7 kg/cm²) (10.5 kg/cm²) (9 kg/cm²)
55 pcf 55 pcf 55 pcf
Minimum
Permitted Density (880 kg/cm³) (880 kg/cm³) (880 kg/cm³)
Range 65 pcf 75 pcf 78 pcf
Maximum
(1040 kg/cm³) (1200 kg/cm³) (1250 kg/cm³)
Maximum Permitted
0.6 0.5 0.5
Linear Shrinkage (%)
Maximum Permitted Thermal
1.60 BTU•in/hr•ft²•F 2.35 BTU•in/hr•ft²•F
Conductivity (k) at 1000 F --
(0.23 W/m•K) (0.34 W/m•K)
(540 C) Mean Temp. (Note j)
Minimum Required
38 -- --
Alumina (%) (Note j)
Maximum Permitted
53 -- --
Silica (%) (Note j)
Maximum Permitted
1.0 -- --
Iron (%) (Note j)

CONFIDENTIALITY NOTICE: This document contains information that is proprietary to Kellogg Brown & Root, LLC. (KBR) and is to be
held in confidence. This document and the information contained herein shall not be copied or used for other than the purposes for which it
is or has been provided or disclosed in any form or medium to third parties, except as expressly permitted by KBR.
 TECHNICAL STANDARD
REFRACTORY LININGS FOR AMMONIA
SERVICE P11-4TS-US-ON-M&U

DATE: 12 JUNE 2018 ENGINEERING SERVICES BY KBR TECHNICAL SERVICES, INC. PAGE 24 OF 30
Spec. Number Suffixes: US=based on US Codes, ON=for onshore projects, M&U=units used: SI metric and US Customary Units.

APPENDIX 1 (Continued)
TABLE 5
ACCEPTABLE REFRACTORY MATERIALS, MANUFACTURERS AND ACCEPTANCE – REJECTION
TEST VALUES
Refractory Type Insulating
Refractory Designation RESCO Cast 3A
Required Installation Method RESCO
Casting
Tests by Installation
Production Tests Shoe Box Tests
Type of Test Manufacturer Cast Qualification
(Note g) (Note h)
Cubes (Note a) Tests (Note d)
Minimum Required Cold 300 psi 300 psi 250 psi 300 psi
Crushing Strength (21 kg/cm²) (21 kg/cm²) (18 kg/cm²) (21 kg/cm²)
Minimum Required Modules of 100 psi 100 psi 75 psi 100 psi
Rupture (Note i) (7 kg/cm²) (7 kg/cm²) (5 kg/cm²) (7 kg/cm²)
55 pcf 55 pcf 52 pcf 52 pcf
Minimum
Permitted (880 kg/m³) (880 kg/m³) (830 kg/m³) (830 kg/m³)
Density Range 65 pcf 65 pcf 68 pcf 68 pcf
Maximum
(1040 kg/m³) (1040 kg/m³) (1090 kg/m³) (1090 kg/m³)
Maximum Permitted Linear
0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6
Shrinkage (%)
Maximum Permitted Thermal
1.6 BTU•in/hr•ft²•F
Conductivity (K) at 1000 F -- -- --
(0.23 W/m•K)
(540 C) Mean Temp. (Note j)
Minimum Required
38 -- -- --
Alumina (%) (Note j)
Maximum Permitted
53 -- -- --
Silica (%) (Note j)
Maximum Permitted
1.0 -- -- --
Iron (%) (Note j)

CONFIDENTIALITY NOTICE: This document contains information that is proprietary to Kellogg Brown & Root, LLC. (KBR) and is to be
held in confidence. This document and the information contained herein shall not be copied or used for other than the purposes for which it
is or has been provided or disclosed in any form or medium to third parties, except as expressly permitted by KBR.
 TECHNICAL STANDARD
REFRACTORY LININGS FOR AMMONIA
SERVICE P11-4TS-US-ON-M&U

DATE: 12 JUNE 2018 ENGINEERING SERVICES BY KBR TECHNICAL SERVICES, INC. PAGE 25 OF 30
Spec. Number Suffixes: US=based on US Codes, ON=for onshore projects, M&U=units used: SI metric and US Customary Units.

APPENDIX 1 (Continued)
TABLE 6
ACCEPTABLE REFRACTORY MATERIALS, MANUFACTURERS AND ACCEPTANCE -
REJECTION TEST VALUES
Refractory Type Insulating - Bubble Alumina
PLIBRICO PLICAST LWI-606KK (KWICK KURE)
Acceptable Refractory Manufacturer CALDERYS CALDE CAST MW 180 CO
and Material Designation THERMAL CERAMICS KAOLITE 3300
NORTON ALUNDUM CA-333-T
Required Installation Method Casting
Tests by Installation
Production Tests
Type of Test Manufacturer Cast Qualification Tests
(Note g)
Cubes (Note a) (Note d)
Minimum Required Cold Crushing 1200 psi Report for Records Report for Records
Strength (84 kg/cm2) Only Only
Report for Records Report for Records
Minimum 79 pcf (1265 kg/m3)
Permitted Only Only
Density Range Report for Records Report for Records
Maximum No Limit
Only Only
Maximum Permitted Linear Report for Records Report for Records
0.4%
Shrinkage Only Only
Thermal Conductivity (k) Not Required -- --
Minimum Required Alumina (Note j) 93.0% -- --
Maximum Permitted Silica (Note j) 0.5% -- --
Maximum Permitted Iron (Note j) 0.2% -- --

CONFIDENTIALITY NOTICE: This document contains information that is proprietary to Kellogg Brown & Root, LLC. (KBR) and is to be
held in confidence. This document and the information contained herein shall not be copied or used for other than the purposes for which it
is or has been provided or disclosed in any form or medium to third parties, except as expressly permitted by KBR.
 TECHNICAL STANDARD
REFRACTORY LININGS FOR AMMONIA
SERVICE P11-4TS-US-ON-M&U

DATE: 12 JUNE 2018 ENGINEERING SERVICES BY KBR TECHNICAL SERVICES, INC. PAGE 26 OF 30
Spec. Number Suffixes: US=based on US Codes, ON=for onshore projects, M&U=units used: SI metric and US Customary Units.

APPENDIX 1 (Continued)
TABLE 7
CASTABLE REFRACTORY MATERIALS, MANUFACTURERS AND ACCEPTANCE – REJECTION
TEST VALUES
Refractory Type Dense, High Alumina
A.P. GREEN, GREEN CAST 94 PLUS
PLIBRICO PLICAST 40 KK (KWICK KURE)
Refractory Designation Thermal Ceramics KAOTAB 95C RFT (Rapid Fire Technology-casting
Grade)
CALDERYS CALDE CAST T 97
Required Installation
Vibration Casting
Method
Tests by Tests by Installation
Production Shoe Box
Manufacturer Manufacturer Qualification
Type of Test Tests Tests
9% H20 10% H20 Tests
(Note g) (Note h)
(Notes a & e) (Notes a & e) (Note d)
Minimum Required Cold 5000 psi 4000 psi 5000 psi 2850 psi 3500 psi
Crushing Strength (350 kg/cm2) (280 kg/cm2) (350 kg/cm2) (200 kg/cm2) (250 kg/cm2)
Minimum Required 900 psi 650 psi 900 psi 570 psi 650 psi
Modules of Rupture (Note i) (63 kg/cm2) (45 kg/cm2) (63 kg/cm2) (540 kg/cm2) (45 kg/cm2)
Permitted 152 pcf 152 pcf 152 pcf 152 pcf 152 pcf
Minimum
Density (2435 kg/m3) (2435 kg/m3) (2435 kg/m3) (2435 kg/m3) (2435 kg/m3)
Range Maximum No Limit -- -- -- --
Maximum Permitted Linear
0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.35% 0.3%
Shrinkage
Thermal Conductivity (k) Not Required -- -- -- --
Minimum Required Alumina
92% -- -- -- --
(Note j)
Maximum Permitted Silica
0.4% -- -- -- --
(Note j)
Maximum Permitted Iron
0.4% -- -- -- --
(Note j)

CONFIDENTIALITY NOTICE: This document contains information that is proprietary to Kellogg Brown & Root, LLC. (KBR) and is to be
held in confidence. This document and the information contained herein shall not be copied or used for other than the purposes for which it
is or has been provided or disclosed in any form or medium to third parties, except as expressly permitted by KBR.
 TECHNICAL STANDARD
REFRACTORY LININGS FOR AMMONIA
SERVICE P11-4TS-US-ON-M&U

DATE: 12 JUNE 2018 ENGINEERING SERVICES BY KBR TECHNICAL SERVICES, INC. PAGE 27 OF 30
Spec. Number Suffixes: US=based on US Codes, ON=for onshore projects, M&U=units used: SI metric and US Customary Units.

APPENDIX 1 (Continued)
TABLE 8
ACCEPTABLE REFRACTORY MATERIALS, MANUFACTURERS AND ACCEPTANCE REJECTION TEST
VALUES
Refractory Type Insulating
Refractory Designation GREENLITE 26 LIG
Refractory Manufacturer A.P. GREEN (HARBISON-WALKER)
Required Installation Method Gunned
Installation
Tests by Manufacturer Production Tests
Type of Test Qualification Tests
Cast Cubes (Note a) (Note f)
(Note c)
Minimum Required Cold Crushing 500 psi 1500 psi 1200 psi
Strength (35 kg/cm²) (105 kg/cm²) (85 kg/cm²)
Minimum Required Modulus of 100 psi 200 psi 160 psi
Rupture (Note i) (7 kg/cm²) (14 kg/cm²) (11 kg/cm²)
Minimum 75 pcf 85 pcf 80 pcf
Permitted Density (1200 kg/m³) (1360 kg/m³) (1280 kg/m³)
Range Maximum 95 pcf 105 pcf 110 pcf
(1520 kg/m³) (1680 kg/m³) (1760 kg/m³)
Maximum Permitted Linear Shrinkage
0.30 0.30 0.4
(%)
Maximum Permitted Thermal
3.6 BTU•in/hr•ft²•F 4.0 BTU•in/hr•ft²•F
Conductivity (k) at 1000 F (540 C) --
(0.52 W/m•K) (0.58 W/m•K)
Mean Temp. (Note j)
Minimum Required Alumina (%)
43 -- --
(Note j)
Maximum Permitted Silica (%)
41 -- --
(Note j)
Maximum Permitted Iron (%) (Note j) 2.0 -- --

CONFIDENTIALITY NOTICE: This document contains information that is proprietary to Kellogg Brown & Root, LLC. (KBR) and is to be
held in confidence. This document and the information contained herein shall not be copied or used for other than the purposes for which it
is or has been provided or disclosed in any form or medium to third parties, except as expressly permitted by KBR.
 TECHNICAL STANDARD
REFRACTORY LININGS FOR AMMONIA
SERVICE P11-4TS-US-ON-M&U

DATE: 12 JUNE 2018 ENGINEERING SERVICES BY KBR TECHNICAL SERVICES, INC. PAGE 28 OF 30
Spec. Number Suffixes: US=based on US Codes, ON=for onshore projects, M&U=units used: SI metric and US Customary Units.

APPENDIX 1 (Continued)
TABLE 9
ACCEPTABLE REFRACTORY MATERIALS, MANUFACTURERS AND ACCEPTANCE REJECTION TEST
VALUES
Refractory Type Insulating
Refractory Designation KAOLITE 2300 LI
Refractory Manufacturer THERMAL CERAMICS
Required Installation Method Casting
Installation
Tests by Manufacturer Production Tests
Type of Test Qualification Tests
Cast Cubes (Note a) (Note g)
(Note d)
Minimum Required Cold Crushing 400 psi 280 psi 250 psi
Strength (28 kg/cm²) (20 kg/cm²) (18 kg/cm²)
Minimum Required Modulus of 85 psi 70 psi 55 psi
Rupture (Note i) (6 kg/cm²) (5 kg/cm²) (4 kg/cm²)
Minimum 55 pcf 53 pcf 50 pcf
Permitted Density (880 kg/m³) (850 kg/m³) (800 kg/m³)
Range Maximum 63 pcf 63 pcf 64 pcf
(1010 kg/m³) (1010 kg/m³) (1025 kg/m³)
Maximum Permitted Linear Shrinkage
0.55 0.60 0.70
(%)
Maximum Permitted Thermal
1.65 BTU•in/hr•ft²•F
Conductivity (k) at 1000 F (540 C) -- --
(0.24 W/m•K)
Mean Temp. (Note j)
Minimum Required Alumina (%)
38 -- --
(Note j)
Maximum Permitted Silica (%)
39 -- --
(Note j)
Maximum Permitted Iron (%) (Note j) 1.0 -- --

CONFIDENTIALITY NOTICE: This document contains information that is proprietary to Kellogg Brown & Root, LLC. (KBR) and is to be
held in confidence. This document and the information contained herein shall not be copied or used for other than the purposes for which it
is or has been provided or disclosed in any form or medium to third parties, except as expressly permitted by KBR.
 TECHNICAL STANDARD
REFRACTORY LININGS FOR AMMONIA
SERVICE P11-4TS-US-ON-M&U

DATE: 12 JUNE 2018 ENGINEERING SERVICES BY KBR TECHNICAL SERVICES, INC. PAGE 29 OF 30
Spec. Number Suffixes: US=based on US Codes, ON=for onshore projects, M&U=units used: SI metric and US Customary Units.

APPENDIX 1 (Continued)
TABLE 10
ACCEPTABLE REFRACTORY MATERIALS, MANUFACTURERS
AND ACCEPTANCE REJECTION TEST VALUES

Refractory Type Insulating

Refractory Designation KAOLITE 2300 LI
Refractory Manufacturer THERMAL CERAMICS
Required Installation Method Gunning
Installation
Tests by Manufacturer Production Tests
Type of Test Qualification Tests
Cast Cubes (Note a) (Note f)
(Note c)
Minimum Required 350 psi 350 psi 350 psi
Cold Crushing Strength (28 kg/cm²) (20 kg/cm²) (20 kg/cm²)
Minimum Required 90 psi 90 psi 80 psi
Modulus of Rupture (Note i) (6 kg/cm²) (5 kg/cm²) (5 kg/cm²)
54 pcf 58 pcf 54 pcf
Permitted Minimum
(880 kg/m³) (850 kg/m³) (850 kg/m³)
Density
Range 64 pcf 70 pcf 72 pcf
Maximum
(1010 kg/m³) (1010 kg/m³) (1010 kg/m³)
Maximum Permitted
0.6 % 0.7 % 0.7 %
Linear Shrinkage
At 500 F (260 C) 1.55 BTU•in/hr•ft²•F 1.60 BTU•in/hr•ft²•F
–––
Mean Temp. (0.22 W/m•K) (0.23 W/m•K)
Maximum
At 1000 F
Permitted 1.73 BTU•in/hr•ft²•F 1.80 BTU•in/hr•ft²•F
(540 C) –––
Thermal (0.25 W/m•K) (0.26 W/m•K)
Mean Temp.
Conductivity (k)
(Note j) At 1500 F
1.91 BTU•in/hr•ft²•F 2.00 BTU•in/hr•ft²•F
(815 C) –––
(0.28 W/m•K) (0.29 W/m•K)
Mean Temp.
Minimum Required Alumina (Note j) 37 % ––– –––
Maximum Permitted Silica (Note j) 42 % ––– –––
Maximum Permitted Iron (Note j) 1.0 % ––– –––

CONFIDENTIALITY NOTICE: This document contains information that is proprietary to Kellogg Brown & Root, LLC. (KBR) and is to be
held in confidence. This document and the information contained herein shall not be copied or used for other than the purposes for which it
is or has been provided or disclosed in any form or medium to third parties, except as expressly permitted by KBR.
 TECHNICAL STANDARD
REFRACTORY LININGS FOR AMMONIA
SERVICE P11-4TS-US-ON-M&U

DATE: 12 JUNE 2018 ENGINEERING SERVICES BY KBR TECHNICAL SERVICES, INC. PAGE 30 OF 30
Spec. Number Suffixes: US=based on US Codes, ON=for onshore projects, M&U=units used: SI metric and US Customary Units.

NOTES FOR ACCEPTANCE - REJECTION CRITERIA

(Applicable ONLY when referenced in Appendix 1.)

a. Tests by refractory manufacturer. Material to be cast in molds of the specified size.

b. Manufacturer is to use 110% of his recommended water.

c. Qualification tests for gunned refractory. Cubes to be cut from gunned test panel.

d. Qualification tests for cast refractory. Cubes to be cut from cast cylinder.

e. Manufacturer is to use water specified by weight.

f. Production tests for gunned refractory. Cubes to be cut from gunned panel.

g. Production tests for cast refractory. Actual production mixes cast in molds of the specified size.
These requirements also apply to core samples, regardless of shape.

h. "Shoe Box" samples are not required by Purchaser, but may be substituted by refractory installer for
production tests for cast refractory. Shoe box size shall be 115 mm (4 1/2 in) x 115 mm (4 1/2 in) x
230 mm (9 in). Any such specimens must meet the values specified.

i. MOR tests are not required by Purchaser, but may be substituted for cold crushing test. If MOR is
substituted, both installer and manufacturer must both use MOR in accordance with ASTM.

j. See Subparagraph 4.3.3.b. for testing requirements.

"REFRACTORY MUST NOT CONTAIN ANY LAFARGE SECAR 80

CEMENT MANUFACTURED IN THE U.S.A. (Lafarge cement
manufactured in France is acceptable.)"

CONFIDENTIALITY NOTICE: This document contains information that is proprietary to Kellogg Brown & Root, LLC. (KBR) and is to be
held in confidence. This document and the information contained herein shall not be copied or used for other than the purposes for which it
is or has been provided or disclosed in any form or medium to third parties, except as expressly permitted by KBR.