Vision: A PREMIER UNIVERSITY delivering

Benguet State University 1

“Excellent nursing education that
world-class education that promotes provides graduates with self-direction
sustainable development amidst climate competence and compassion.”
change. COLLEGE OF NURSING
Mission: To provide quality education to La Trinidad, Benguet “The College of nursing is committed t
provide a strong academic and
enhance food security, sustainable
communities, industry innovation, climate www.bsu.edu.ph/ 422- 2127 professional foundation for the practic
resilience, gender equality, institutional of nursing.”
development and partnerships.

Day 1
LESSONS

I. BASICS OF COVID-19

1. What is SARS-CoV-2?

*Attached is a video discussing what SARS-CoV-2 is and its origin (check your Google
Classroom).

ACTIVITY 1: ASSESSMENT

After watching the video, apply what you know so far and bring out the knowledge you
have about COVID-19 since it is also your responsibility to equip yourselves with the new
trends and updates in the medical field.

Refer to your classroom for the instructions and Google form link.

2. Natural History of SARS-CoV-2.

What happens to someone when they get a SARS-coronavirus-2 infection?

*Attached is a video discussing the signs and symptoms and what incubation period is
(check your Google Classroom).

3. Risk Factors for Severe Disease

Some groups of people are more likely to have severe disease if they get infected. They are
the following:

 Older adults >65 years of age (increasing risk with age)

 People who are obese

Some young, healthy people become severely ill:

 Only a small proportions of infections

 Children are unlikely to be severely ill

Vision: A PREMIER UNIVERSITY delivering
Benguet State University 2
“Excellent nursing education that
world-class education that promotes provides graduates with self-direction
sustainable development amidst climate competence and compassion.”
change. COLLEGE OF NURSING
Mission: To provide quality education to La Trinidad, Benguet “The College of nursing is committed t
provide a strong academic and
enhance food security, sustainable
communities, industry innovation, climate www.bsu.edu.ph/ 422- 2127 professional foundation for the practic
resilience, gender equality, institutional of nursing.”
development and partnerships.

Other existing medical conditions:

 Diabetes, hypertension, any kind of lung disease, heart disease, liver disease, kidney
disease and those with weakened immune system caused by taking steroids or other
medications that affect the immune system (note that a person who has HIV that is
controlled with medication is not at substantially increased risk).

Risk Factors for Death

How the Disease can Kill Important Risks for Death

- if the lungs cannot recover, - depends on access to care and general health
patients cannot breathe on their
- death is rare among young and healthy people
own
- death is ore common among older
- lack of oxygen can damage the
organs in the body, causing adults:
increased risk for heart attacks, Of those 65- 75 years old, 2% to 5% die
kidney failure, strokes and
clotting disorders Of those 75-85 years old, 4% to 10% die

Of those >85 years old, 10% die

Treatment of COVID-19

- there us no specific treatment to cure COVID-19

- treatment is to support the body ’ s functions until the body ’ s immune system can fight the
infection

- many patients with lung disease require mechanical ventilation to help them breathe

- people who need it will receive support to keep their lungs working so that the body can
continue to get the oxygen it needs
Vision: A PREMIER UNIVERSITY delivering
Benguet State University 3
“Excellent nursing education that
world-class education that promotes provides graduates with self-direction
sustainable development amidst climate competence and compassion.”
change. COLLEGE OF NURSING
Mission: To provide quality education to La Trinidad, Benguet “The College of nursing is committed t
provide a strong academic and
enhance food security, sustainable
communities, industry innovation, climate www.bsu.edu.ph/ 422- 2127 professional foundation for the practic
resilience, gender equality, institutional of nursing.”
development and partnerships.

4. Diagnosing SARS-CoV-2

TWO KINDS OF TESTS

1. DIAGNOSTIC TEST - these are plolymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests

- also called molecular tests
- identifies the virus in the body

2. ANTIBODY TESTS - identifies antibodies to the virus, usually in blood

- antibodies are made by the immune system to fight off
viruses or bacteria
- some antibodies (Immunoglobulin G or IgG) begin to develop
when you are sick and can be identified after you recover

HOW ARE ACTIVE INFECTIONS TESTED?

- the PCR test is usually done to test people A positive PCR test:
with signs and symptoms
- shows that there are virus particles in the sample
- it detects the RNA (genetic material) of the
- means there is an active infection
virus
- there are sometimes false negative results: not all
- swab is taken from nose, throat, or mouth
people with infection will have RNA in their sample
- specimen typically comes from somewhere
in the respiratory tract, saliva can also be
tested

HOW ARE PAST INFECTIONS TESTED?

- IgG is the most common antibody test A positive IgG antibody test:
- the body starts to produce IgG antibodies - shows that one is infected with the virus in the
10-14 days after infection
past
- antibody tests are usually performed on
blood - does not tell you when you were infected
- they can be performed after someone
recovers or in people who never had - could mean that you have some protection from
symptoms future SARS-CoV-2 infection (we are not sure yet)
Vision: A PREMIER UNIVERSITY delivering
Benguet State University 4
“Excellent nursing education that
world-class education that promotes provides graduates with self-direction
sustainable development amidst climate competence and compassion.”
change. COLLEGE OF NURSING
Mission: To provide quality education to La Trinidad, Benguet “The College of nursing is committed t
provide a strong academic and
enhance food security, sustainable
communities, industry innovation, climate www.bsu.edu.ph/ 422- 2127 professional foundation for the practic
resilience, gender equality, institutional of nursing.”
development and partnerships.

5. Transmission of SARS-CoV-2
First Way Second Way

- infected people have the virus in their - surfaces have viruses from someone ’ s
mouths, noses and throats respiratory droplets
- droplets come out when we are talking, - virus can “ survive ” on surfaces and then
laughing, coughing and sneezing contaminate the hands of others:
- those droplets can enter another Hands can transfer virus to your mouth, nose
person’s mouth, nose and eyes and eyes
*Hand-washing and cleaning are important!

Note: these are in the context outside hospital settings.

Infectious Respiratory Droplets can Travel

Droplets can:
- travel during sneezes, coughs, talking and singing
- travel up to 6 feet
- mask can reduce the transmission: fewer droplets from the infected person

SARS-COV-2 is Transmitted Efficiently

- people are infectious before they have symptoms
- some people never develop symptoms
- asymptomatic people should be tested and identify their contacts quickly to limit spread

Transmission is more likely with Closer Contact

- physical contact
- close contact (within 6 feet fro 15 minutes or more)
- shared environment (offices and restaurants)
- sharing food and bathrooms
- sharing beds
- between people who live together
Vision: A PREMIER UNIVERSITY delivering
Benguet State University 5
“Excellent nursing education that
world-class education that promotes provides graduates with self-direction
sustainable development amidst climate competence and compassion.”
change. COLLEGE OF NURSING
Mission: To provide quality education to La Trinidad, Benguet “The College of nursing is committed t
provide a strong academic and
enhance food security, sustainable
communities, industry innovation, climate www.bsu.edu.ph/ 422- 2127 professional foundation for the practic
resilience, gender equality, institutional of nursing.”
development and partnerships.

Living Conditions that Increase the Risk for Transmission

- congregate housing (many people living in Nursing home residents who are at high risk for
close quarters): severe disease: older age, multiple underlying
conditions, need for multiple interventions, such
Prisons and jails as feeding and toileting (staff are at increased
Group homes risk of exposure and infection)

Dormitories Nursing homes are not hospitals and are not set
up for severe infections
Shelters

6. Why Stopping Transmission is Important

*Attached is a video showing the timeline of the infection and the reproductive number
(check your Google Classroom).

II. CONTACT TRACING

1. How is contact tracing done?
*Attached is a video (check your Google Classroom).
2. Defining Case, Contact, Isolation and Quarantine
Case Contact
- someone who has COVID-19 - someone who had a contact with a
- usually has a positive laboratory test case while they are infectious; either
during their illness or 2 days before
Suspect or Probable Case their illness began
- someone exposed to a case who develops - 3 kinds of contact:
symptoms, even if they have not had a test yet A. Physical contact
B. Close contact (within 6 feet for 15
minutes or more, some places use 10
or 30 minutes)
C. Proximate contact: more than 6
feet but in the same room for an
extended period of time
Isolation Quarantine
- keeps sick people separate from healthy people - restrict movement and contact of
- restricted to a home or hotel healthy people who have been
- separate space in hospital to limit contact exposed
How long? - for 14 days since the last contact
For the duration of infectiousness: with the person who is infected
- 2 days before the onset
- at least 10 days after the onset of illness;
symptoms must be improving and no fever within
the past 24 hours
Vision: A PREMIER UNIVERSITY delivering
Benguet State University 6
“Excellent nursing education that
world-class education that promotes provides graduates with self-direction
sustainable development amidst climate competence and compassion.”
change. COLLEGE OF NURSING
Mission: To provide quality education to La Trinidad, Benguet “The College of nursing is committed t
provide a strong academic and
enhance food security, sustainable
communities, industry innovation, climate www.bsu.edu.ph/ 422- 2127 professional foundation for the practic
resilience, gender equality, institutional of nursing.”
development and partnerships.

3. Calculating Isolation and Quarantine Duration

**Attached is a video explaining how to with examples (check your Google Classroom).
4. Identifying High-Risk Situations
Important Terms:
1. Congregate housing settings
- a shared living environment where each individual or family has private living quarters and
shares common dining, recreational and other facilities
2. High -risk subpopulation
- a segment of population that has characteristics that increase the risk o infection or
severe disease

Factors that Increase Risk for Infection and Severe Disease:

Vision: A PREMIER UNIVERSITY delivering
Benguet State University 7
“Excellent nursing education that
world-class education that promotes provides graduates with self-direction
sustainable development amidst climate competence and compassion.”
change. COLLEGE OF NURSING
Mission: To provide quality education to La Trinidad, Benguet “The College of nursing is committed t
provide a strong academic and
enhance food security, sustainable
communities, industry innovation, climate www.bsu.edu.ph/ 422- 2127 professional foundation for the practic

Examples of Difficult to Contact Trace Examples of Difficult to Isolate or Quarantine:

resilience, gender equality, institutional of nursing.”
development and partnerships.

and Identify Exposures: - unable to distance themselves from others:

- homeless shelter: may not recall all design of house or facility, developmental
contacts, contacts may spread out disabilities needing assistance of others (a
through multiple jurisdictions, difficulty home with individuals with special needs), not
locating or testing exposed homeless enough resources (masks, gloves, staff), social
contacts pressures
- unwilling to cooperate: may not understand
the concepts of hygiene and social distancing,
difficult to remove those who need care from
infected people, harder to maintain resources
for effective infection prevention
Examples of a dense environment: Examples of Higher Risk of Infection and Severe
- conferences Disease or Death
- mass transit - more likely to have underlying medical
- religious services conditions
- demonstrations - assisted living facility
- workplaces
- bars
- gyms
- schools
- sporting events
- concerts
Vision: A PREMIER UNIVERSITY delivering
Benguet State University 8
“Excellent nursing education that
world-class education that promotes provides graduates with self-direction
sustainable development amidst climate competence and compassion.”
change. COLLEGE OF NURSING
Mission: To provide quality education to La Trinidad, Benguet “The College of nursing is committed t
provide a strong academic and
enhance food security, sustainable
communities, industry innovation, climate www.bsu.edu.ph/ 422- 2127 professional foundation for the practic
resilience, gender equality, institutional of nursing.”
development and partnerships.

Day 2

LESSONS

III. STEPS TO INVESTIGATE CONTACTS AND THEIR TRACES

1. The Basic Steps
*Attached is a video (check your Google Classroom).

ACTIVITY 2: THE CATEGORIES OF A CASE

In order to contain the virus, the World Health Organization developed a category so that
hospitals and testing centers would know what to do. After a while, there was a new set of
category released in order to better and effectively classify persons who had been exposed
or may have been exposed to the virus.

Refer to your classroom for the instructions and Google form link.

IV. ETHICS OF CONTACT TRACING AND TECHNOLOGICAL TOOLS

1. Contact Tracing as a Common Public Health Tool
*If we can limit contact between infectious people and others, we can limit opportunities for
SARS-CoV-2 to be transmitted.
Contact tracing is a public health intervention that is used every day to stop disease
transmission.
Examples: TB, syphilis, HIV, Ebola (contact tracing was a key strategy to end the Ebola
outbreak in West Africa)
Vision: A PREMIER UNIVERSITY delivering
Benguet State University 9
“Excellent nursing education that
world-class education that promotes provides graduates with self-direction
sustainable development amidst climate competence and compassion.”
change. COLLEGE OF NURSING
Mission: To provide quality education to La Trinidad, Benguet “The College of nursing is committed t
provide a strong academic and
enhance food security, sustainable
communities, industry innovation, climate www.bsu.edu.ph/ 422- 2127 professional foundation for the practic
resilience, gender equality, institutional of nursing.”
development and partnerships.

2. Defining Privacy, Confidentiality, and Other Terms About Ethics

Privacy Examples of private information that may be
- the right of a person to be free from discussed during contact tracing:
intrusion or publicity concerning personal - Who lives in your house with you?
matters - Who did you spend time with in the past
- in other words, everyone has the right to week?
keep their personal life personal - Where have you gone in the past week?
- How much time did you spend with people
in your home and outside your home?
A contact tracer can:
- ask about private information only for the
purposes of contact tracing.
-use the private information provided only
for contact tracing purposes

Confidentiality Examples of confidential information that

- the right of an individual to have personal, will be discussed during case investigations
identifiable medical information kept private and contact tracing:
and not released without his/her/their - other health conditions the case or contact
consent may have
- in other words, your medical information - results from the COVID-19 test
cannot be shared with anyone else unless
you agree to it -- but COVID-19 test results A contact tracer can only learn about
can be shared to the public health medical information that is relevant to
contact tracing and can use it only for
contact tracing purposes

Autonomy Examples of autonomy in contact tracing:

- the right of the person to make their - you can request that people can
decisions; it is also known as right to “self” quarantine
or as “agency” - you can request that cases can isolate
- in other words, each person can make themselves from others
their own decisions, unless those decisions - in some circumstances, there requests
can harm someone else may be mandated and enforced
Vision: A PREMIER UNIVERSITY delivering
Benguet State University 10
“Excellent nursing education that
world-class education that promotes provides graduates with self-direction
sustainable development amidst climate competence and compassion.”
change. COLLEGE OF NURSING
Mission: To provide quality education to La Trinidad, Benguet “The College of nursing is committed t
provide a strong academic and
enhance food security, sustainable
communities, industry innovation, climate www.bsu.edu.ph/ 422- 2127 professional foundation for the practic
Justice
resilience, gender equality, institutional Examples of justice in contact tracing: of nursing.”

- means to act to treat an individual justly or - contact tracers will attempt to find all
development and partnerships.

fairly (meaning everyone should be treated cases and contacts, regardless of religion,
the same way independent of race, race, or sexual orientation
ethnicity, creed, socioeconomic - all communities, regardless of wealth,
background, sexual orientation, or gender) should have contact tracing efforts to
- in other words, everyone must receive the reduce transmission
same treatment, regardless of who they are

Public Good Contact tracing programs are a pubic good

- anything that benefits or provides for the because:
well-being of the public - they can reduce the risk to the public of
- in other words, it is something that being infected
benefits everyone in the society - they can reduce illness and deaths from
COVID-19

V. SKILLS FOR EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION

1. Importance of Rapport
*Attached is the video (check your Google Classroom).
2. Tips for Effective Communication
*Attached is the video (check your Google Classroom).

VI. THE PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)

*Attached are the videos of DOH and CDC (check your Google Classrooms).
Department of Health:
Proper wearing of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) ensures protection of the health
care worker from exposure to hospital or laboratory-derived infection of Ebola Virus. This
instructional video was produced according to interim Ebola guidelines for the Philippines,
developed by the Research Institute for Tropical Medicine-Department of Health and with
technical input from the World Health Organization. The guidelines are as of December 2,
2014 and may be superseded by more recent updates.
Vision: A PREMIER UNIVERSITY delivering
Benguet State University 11
“Excellent nursing education that
world-class education that promotes provides graduates with self-direction
sustainable development amidst climate competence and compassion.”
change. COLLEGE OF NURSING
Mission: To provide quality education to La Trinidad, Benguet “The College of nursing is committed t
provide a strong academic and
enhance food security, sustainable
communities, industry innovation, climate www.bsu.edu.ph/ 422- 2127 professional foundation for the practic
resilience, gender equality, institutional of nursing.”
development and partnerships.

I. REFERENCES
1. UNIVERSITY OF NUEVA CACERES. WWW.UNC.EDU.PH
2. COURSERA Copyright (c) 2020 Johns Hopkins University and Emily Gurley.
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H4jQUBAlBrI
4. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oO5Awp5LCNg
5. doh.gov.ph

Day 3

MORNING:
Activity 3: The PPE
Refer to your classroom for the instructions and Google form link.

AFTERNOON:

POST TEST

Refer to your classroom for the instructions and Google form link.
Vision: A PREMIER UNIVERSITY delivering
Benguet State University 12
“Excellent nursing education that
world-class education that promotes provides graduates with self-direction
sustainable development amidst climate competence and compassion.”
change. COLLEGE OF NURSING
Mission: To provide quality education to La Trinidad, Benguet “The College of nursing is committed t
provide a strong academic and
enhance food security, sustainable
communities, industry innovation, climate www.bsu.edu.ph/ 422- 2127 professional foundation for the practic
resilience, gender equality, institutional of nursing.”
development and partnerships.

Prepared and submitted:

DOMINADOR B. ABAD JR
JOY ADRIANNE D. ALAGON
MYRA ANDRES
JUNESSA C. ANGON
DARREN DALE ANTALAN
SHYRA BACCAY
FLORENCE BAGUILAT
ZYDEE B. BALONG
MELODY BORDA
MARY ROSE B. CATAPANG
LEONARIE KARREN T. DOMINGUEZ
NER FOXWORTH POLTIC
GERARD INOCENCIO REBOLLEDO
MHYRLYNJEE SALIS
DARWIN PAUL SAGUN
NAIL WAYAGWAG

RACHEL C. WAYAN

RLE CLINICAL FACILITATORS

Recommending approval:

JOCYLYN W. ANGELES, RN., MAN

Chairman, Dep’t of Clinical Instruction

Approved:
JUDE L. TAYABEN, PhDN
Dean