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DSP Reviewer: Why Digital Image Processing?

This document provides an overview of digital signal processing (DSP). It discusses the differences between analog and digital images/signals and the key stages of digital image processing. Some major application areas of DSP are listed, including image and audio processing. Benefits of DSP include guaranteed accuracy, reproducibility, and improved performance with technology, while constraints include speed, cost and finite word length problems. Examples of medical imaging techniques that use DSP are also outlined, along with definitions and properties of different types of signals.

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61 views

DSP Reviewer: Why Digital Image Processing?

This document provides an overview of digital signal processing (DSP). It discusses the differences between analog and digital images/signals and the key stages of digital image processing. Some major application areas of DSP are listed, including image and audio processing. Benefits of DSP include guaranteed accuracy, reproducibility, and improved performance with technology, while constraints include speed, cost and finite word length problems. Examples of medical imaging techniques that use DSP are also outlined, along with definitions and properties of different types of signals.

Uploaded by

Nico
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DSP Reviewer

Why digital image processing?


Analog
● Hard copy, printouts
● Human interpretation

Digital
● Matrix of pixels
● Computer analysis

Stages of digital image processing


Pre-processing → Image segmentation → Feature extraction

Key application areas


● Communications, military, biomedical, data compression, financial analysis, other
sciences

Audio processing application


● Digital audio filtering
● Nonlinear audio processing
● Speech pattern recognition

Image processing application


● Image filtering & enhancement
● Spatial transformation
● Morphological operations
● Image & video compression
● Image pattern recognition
Benefits of DSP
● Guaranteed accuracy
● Perfect reproducibility
● No drift in performance with temperature/age
● Improves with semiconductor technology
● Greater flexibility
● Superior performance
● Most machine utilizes digital info

Constraints of DSP
● Speed & cost
● Design time
● Finite word length problems

MRI – a medical imaging technique that uses a magnetic field and computer-generated radio
waves to create detailed images of the organs and tissues in your body.
EEG – a test used to evaluate the electrical activity in the brain.
EKG or ECG – records the electrical signal from your heart to check for different heart
conditions.

Signal – are physical quantities that vary with time, space, or any other independent variable(s).
Continuous signal – can take any value on the x-axis (time axis).
Discrete signal
● can only take finite values on the x-axis.
● plotted using the step-stem plot function.
Analog signal
● takes any value on the y-axis (amplitude axis)
● continuous signal is also an analog signal
Digital signal – can only take fix values on the y-axis
Deterministic signal
● can be represented by a mathematical expression, and are able to predict the value at
any given instant of time.
● Examples are sinusoidal signal or an em signal.
Random signal
● can’t be represented by a mathematical expression, and can’t predict any value at any
given instant of time.
● Examples are signals generated from earthquakes and simple voice signals.

Even
● are symmetric around the vertical axis.
● identical to its time reverse counterpart
Odd – symmetric about the origin
Periodic
● repeats at certain intervals of time
● provide a vital rule for signal analysis and calculation
Aperiodic – does not repeat with respect to time

Periodic signal (CT)


● a continuous time signal x(t) is a periodic if there exists a positive real t for which
x ( t )=x (t +mt ) for all value of t and integer m.
● their integers are considered in terms of the value of m, ranging from –∞ to +∞ and
does not include any decimal values.
Periodic signal (DT)
● a discrete time signal x(n) is a periodic if there exists a positive integer N for which
x [n]=x [n+ mM ] for all value of n and integer m.
● defined as a function of N (step or intervals) and no longer as a function of time.

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