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Engine Cooling System

The document discusses engine cooling systems. It explains that engines need to be kept within an optimal temperature range to operate effectively and avoid damage. There are two main methods of cooling discussed: air cooling and water cooling. Air cooling relies on fins on the engine cylinders and a fan to draw air directly over the engine parts to cool them. Water cooling circulates water around the engine in a closed system using either natural convection or forced circulation by a water pump, before passing through a radiator to cool the water and repeat the process. A thermostat controls water flow to help maintain the optimal engine temperature.

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Surjit Kumar Gandhi
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469 views3 pages

Engine Cooling System

The document discusses engine cooling systems. It explains that engines need to be kept within an optimal temperature range to operate effectively and avoid damage. There are two main methods of cooling discussed: air cooling and water cooling. Air cooling relies on fins on the engine cylinders and a fan to draw air directly over the engine parts to cool them. Water cooling circulates water around the engine in a closed system using either natural convection or forced circulation by a water pump, before passing through a radiator to cool the water and repeat the process. A thermostat controls water flow to help maintain the optimal engine temperature.

Uploaded by

Surjit Kumar Gandhi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BSAG-408: Farm Power & Machinery

PCTE Group of Institutes, Ludhiana

ENGINE COOLING SYSTEM


A system which controls the engine temperature is known as cooling system. It is used to keep
engine from getting not too hot and at the same time not to keep it too cool either.

Necessity of Cooling
1) The temperature of the burning gases in the cylinder reaches upto 1500 to 2000 °C,
which results in expansion, wear and tear of cylinder.
2) Due to very high temperature the film of lubricating oil will get oxidized. This will
result in piston deterioration.
3) Large temperature difference may result in distortion of engine components.
4) Higher temperature also lowers the volumetric efficiency of engine.
5) For satisfactory performance of engine, it should neither be overheated nor over
cooled. Experiments have shown that petrol engine operates best at 180°F, kerosene
engine at 200°F and diesel engine at 140°F to 165°F.

Methods of Cooling


Air cooling
Water Cooling

Air Cooling:
Air-cooled engines are those engines, in which heat is conducted from the working
components of the engine to the atmosphere directly. In such engines, cylinders are generally not
grouped in a block.

Principle of Air Cooling:


The cylinder of an air-cooled engine has fins to increase the area of contact of air for
speedy cooling. The cylinder is normally enclosed in a sheet metal casing called cowling. The
flywheel has blades projecting from its face, so that it acts like a fan drawing air through a hole in
the cowling and directing a around the finned cylinder. For maintenance of air cooling system,
passage of air is kept clean by removing grasses etc. This is done by removing the cowling and
cleaning out the dirt etc. by a stiff brush or compressed air. When separate fan is provided the
belt tension is to be checked and adjusted if necessary.
Advantages of Air Cooled Engine.
i. It is simpler in design and construction.
ii. Water jackets, radiators, water pump thermostat, pipes, houses etc. are not needed.
iii. It is more compact.
iv. It is comparatively lighter in weight.

Disadvantages:
i. There is uneven cooling of the engine parts.
ii. Engine temperature is generally high during working period.

1
BSAG-408: Farm Power & Machinery
PCTE Group of Institutes, Ludhiana

Water Cooling:
Engine, using water as cooling medium is called water-cooled engines. The liquid is
circulated round the cylinders to absorb heat from the cylinder walls. In general, water is used as
cooling liquid.
The heated water is conducted through a radiator which helps is cooling the water. There are three
common methods of water-cooling:
i. Open jacket or hopper method.
ii. Thermosiphon method.
iii. Forced circulation method.

Thermosiphon Method:
It consists of radiator, water jacket, fan, and temperature gauge and hose connections. The
system is based on the principle that heated water which surrounds the cylinder becomes lighter in
weight and it rises upwards in liquid column. Hot water goes to the radiator, where it passes
through tubes surrounded by air. Circulation of water takes place due to the reason that water
jacket and the radiator are connected at both sides i.e. at the top and the bottom. A fan is driven
with the help of a v-belt to suck air through tubes of the radiator unit, cooling radiator water. The
disadvantage of the system is that circulation of water is greatly reduced by accumulation of scale
or foreign matter in the passage and consequently it causes overheating of the engine.

Forced Circulation Method:


This system is used in a large number of vehicles like cars, buses , trucks and other heavy
vehicles. Here, circulation of water takes place with convection currents helped by a pump. In the
method, a water pump is used to ford water from the radiator to the water jacket of the engine.
After circulating the entire run of water jacket, water comes back to the radiator where it loses its
heat by the process of radiation. To maintain the correct engine temperature, a thermostat valve is
place at the outer end of cylinder head. Cooling liquid is by-passed through the water jacket of the
engine until the engine attains the desired temperature. Then thermostat valve opens and the by-
pass is closed, allowing the water to go to the radiator. The system consists of: (1) Water pump
(2) Radiator (3) Fan (4) Fan-belt (5) Thermostat valve (7) Temperature gauge (8) Hosepipe.

2
BSAG-408: Farm Power & Machinery
PCTE Group of Institutes, Ludhiana

Water Pump:
It is a centrifugal type pump. It has a casing and an impeller, mounted on a shaft. The
casing is usually made of cast iron. Pump shaft is made of some non-corrosive material. At the
end of the shaft, a small pulley is fitted which is driven by a V-belt. Water pump is mounted at the
end of the cylinder block between block and the radiator. When the impeller rotates, the water
between the impeller blades is thrown outward by centrifugal force and thus water goes to the
cylinder under pressure. The pump outlet is connected by a hosepipe to the bottom of the radiator.
The impeller shaft is supported on one or more bearings. There is a seal, which prevents leakage
of water.

Radiator:
Radiator is a device for cooling the circulating water in the engine. It holds a large volume
of water in close contact with a large volume of air, so that heat is transferred from the water to
the air easily.
Hot water flows into the radiator at the top and cold water flows out from the bottom.
Tubes or passages carry the water from the top of the radiator to the bottom, passing it over a
large metal surface. Air flows between the tubes or through the cells at right angles to the
downward flowing water. This helps in transferring the heat from the water to the atmosphere. On
the basis of fabrication, the radiator is of two types: (a) Tubular type and (b) Cellular type.

Fan
The fan is generally mounted on the water pump pulley, although on some engines it is attached
directly to the crankshaft. It serves two purposes in the cooling system of a engine.
(a) It draws atmospheric air through the radiator and thus increases the efficiency of the radiator
in cooling hot water.
(b) It throws fresh air over the outer surface of the engine, which takes away the heat conducted
by the engine parts and thus increases the efficiency of the entire cooling system.

Thermostat Valve
It is a kind of check valve which opens and closes with the effect of temperature. It is fitted in the
water outlet of the engine. During the warm-up period, the thermostat is closed and the water
pump circulates the water only throughout the cylinder block and cylinder head.
When the normal operating temperature is reached, the thermostat valve opens and allows hot
water to flow towards the radiator. Standard thermostats are designed to start opening at 70 to
75°C and they fully open at 82°C.
.***

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