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14 Lab Preparation of Chloroform

The document describes two methods for preparing chloroform in the laboratory: 1. By the distillation of a mixture of bleaching powder, water, and ethyl alcohol or acetone. The bleaching powder acts as a source of chlorine. 2. From ethyl alcohol in a three step process: oxidation to acetaldehyde, chlorination to chloral, then hydrolysis of chloral to produce chloroform and calcium formate. 3. From acetone in a two step process: chlorination of acetone to trichloroacetone followed by hydrolysis to chloroform and calcium acetate.

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326 views

14 Lab Preparation of Chloroform

The document describes two methods for preparing chloroform in the laboratory: 1. By the distillation of a mixture of bleaching powder, water, and ethyl alcohol or acetone. The bleaching powder acts as a source of chlorine. 2. From ethyl alcohol in a three step process: oxidation to acetaldehyde, chlorination to chloral, then hydrolysis of chloral to produce chloroform and calcium formate. 3. From acetone in a two step process: chlorination of acetone to trichloroacetone followed by hydrolysis to chloroform and calcium acetate.

Uploaded by

Gamer's Tech
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Wurtz Reaction

• In Wurtz’s reaction two alkyl group join together at


the site of halogen forming symmetrical alkane.
Two alkyl groups join together which are mirror
image of one another. e. g.,

2- Bromopropane
2-Chloro-2- methylpropane

2,2,3,3- tetramethyl butane


1- bromobutane

Br - + Na/ Ether
3

1- bromo-2- methylpropane

CHշ 3 +NaBr

2,5- dimethylhexane
Reduction
• Haloalkanes when reduced with reducing
agents such as,i) hydrogen in presence of Ni
or Pt or Pd catalyst OR ii) LiAlHч OR iii) Zn-
Cu couple in ethanol OR iv) Na in ethanol OR
v) Zn/Sn in conc HCl etc. produce alkane
containing the same number of carbon atoms
as it is in the parent haloalkane. For e. g.,
• Δ

Hշ Ni/Δ
HI
Finished
Monohalogen
Derivatives of alkane
Laboratory preparation of chloroform
• In the laboratory chloroform is prepared by
the distillation of a thin paste of bleaching
powder in water with ethyl alcohol or
acetone. Bleaching powder simply acts as a
source of chlorine and calcium hydroxide
required for the reaction
Principle:

CaOClշ +HշO = Clշ +Ca (OH ) շ


2
Bleaching powder
From ethyl alcohol
• The preparation of chloroform from ethanol
involves the following three steps.
1. Oxidation: In the first step ethyl alcohol oxidizes
into acetaldehyde.
CHȝCHշOH
+Clշ
Ethyl alcohol Acetaldehyde
OR OR
ethanol ethanal
2. Chlorination:
• The acetaldehyde thus formed undergoes
chlorination reaction and produces
trichloroacetaldehyde also known as chloral

3Clշ
Acetaldehyde Trichloroacetalldehyde
OR OR
ethanal Chloral
Or
trichloroethanal
3. Hydrolysis:
• Finally the chloral thus formed hydrolyzes with
calcium hydroxide and produces chloroform
together with calcium formate.

Calcium formate
Chloral Chloroform Or
OR Calcium methanoate
Trichloromethane
II) From acetone:
It involves the following two steps.

Acetone Trichloroacetone

Chloroform Calcium acetate


chlorofoem
R.B. flask
Water condenser

water
Adapter

Aq. layer
receiver

Laboratory preparation of chloroform


In a round

Water bath and heated until the


mixture of

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