16 Life Saving Rules

Including Minimum
Mandatory Framework

2018

1
 2018 Fatality Prevention Rules - 16 Life Saving Rules

Contents Page

Introducon 2
Key Changes in the 2018 16 LSR 4
Supporng Guidance 5
Minimum Mandatory Health & Safety Framework 13

Contractor Safety

1. Contractor Safety Management 18

Machinery Safety

2. Machinery Safety 23
3. Energy Isolation / LOTOTO or LOTOC 30
4. Electrical Safety 37

Transport

5. Site Transport 40
i. Rail Operaons
ii. Occupaonal Road Safety

6. Forklift Safety 51
7. Mobile Phones 54
8. The Management of Contract Transport (Heavy Goods Vehicles on the Public Roads) 62

Project / Design Safety

9. Construction Project Safety 68

10. Road Surfacing / Repair operations 70

Work at Height / Falling Objects

11. Liing Operaons 73

12. Work at Height 79
i. Protecng against falling objects
ii. Work near water

Specific High Risk Acvies

13. Work in Confined Space 96

14. Lone/Remote working 100
15. Explosive Safety 102
16. Process Safety / Occupaonal Health / Housekeeping 104
i. Prevenon of contact with hot material, gases and surfaces
ii. Prevenon of Fire & Explosions
- Including the prevenon of overpressurisaon in vessels
iii. Process: Change management
iv. Storage, handling and process use of hazardous subtsances

1
 Introducon

2017 has been another successful year for CRH Group and across Europe
in a number of aspects, with connued growth and improved business
performance across many of our operaons; a sincere thank you for your
part in this strong delivery. However, in the area of Safety, our top priority
at CRH, it has regreably been a very challenging and disappoinng year.

In 2017 we had 13 fatal accidents across CRH; 13 people who did not return home to their families and friends at
the end of a normal working day. The fatal accidents were a combination of public road accidents involving our
contractors, people fatally injured while working on our sites, and third parties impacted by our operations. This
is clearly unacceptable. All of us, at all levels across the organisation, need to look hard at ourselves and how we
manage safety, and in particular the critical (fatal) risks within our areas of responsibility.

One of the most disappointing elements to these fatal accidents is that the causes and circumstances behind each
one was not new – they were hazards that were already well known in our business. We must therefore face up and
confront the fact that, despite some excellent work done in each business and each team, we are not consistently
applying the lessons learnt and the requirements of the 16 Life Saving Rules at each site, every day and for every task.

We want to remind all levels of management, in a constructive way, and those in site supervisory positions that you
have the primary responsibility for safety within your areas of control. With this responsibility comes accountability.
There are many tools that are available to support our businesses in managing safety risks, but it is the consistent
day-to-day implementation of critical risk controls, as highlighted in the 16 Life Saving Rules, that is the key to delivery
on our target of zero fatalities and zero serious accidents.

Contractors, along with third parties, accounted for 10 of the 13 fatal accidents across CRH in 2017. We continue
to face a significant challenge across our 1,400 locations in Europe to ensure that contractors, which represent a
significant proportion of the workforce on our sites, are properly qualified and have clear expectations on how they
behave while working for CRH. It is all of our responsibility, no matter what we do, to ensure that contractors are
behaving safely when working for CRH.

The 2018 version of the 16 Life Saving Rules incorporate new details and images around recent accidents in our
Industry. It also includes some new requirements (see page 4) and represents an ongoing effort to improve risk
control measures and to continuously drive our safety standards forward. These rules are mandatory across CRH and
must be implemented in full, for all of our employees and our contractors.

We must continue to maintain the strongest possible daily focus on the management of safety, and ensure that we
are relentless in our implementation of the 16 Life Saving Rules. In a focused, simple way the 16 LSR ensure that we
direct our attention to those areas with the greatest potential for serious injury.

To repeat the closing message from our introduction to the 2017 16 LSR – “Our management of safety is a direct
reflection of our overall management of our company. We expect you to provide the leadership and visible commitment
to the various elements of our safety program.”

We look forward to working together with you to achieve zero fatalities and zero serious accidents in 2018.

Ken McKnight, David Dillon,

President, President,
CRH Europe Heavyside Europe Lightside & Distribution

2
 Introduction to 16 Life Saving Rules

The 16 Life Saving Rules are designed to give clear, specific requirements which will ensure
consistency across our operaons in the management of crical risks. These rules are
mandatory and non negoable and are a key part of our strategy to learn from past accidents
and prevent repeat incidents.

The 16 LSR are supported by example based guidance documentation (see pages 5 to 8 of this document) and have
been developed following wide ranging consultation at all levels within the division.

The 2018 version includes some additional requirements (see summary table on page 4) .

The implementation of the 16 Life Saving Rules is supported by the following:

• A program of independent 16 Life Saving Rule audits , which are carried out with minimum noce
throughout the year and across all companies.
• Senior Management safety workshops .
• A program of monthly Safety Alerts and Best Practice Examples which relate to specific areas of the 16
LSR – these monthly communications are designed to keep energy in the safety message and provide fresh
ongoing accident / incident material for safety engagement structures.
• A dedicated safety campaign is run each year ,led by the Country/Platform Managers which will focus on
key elements within the 16 LSR.

The CRH Minimum Mandatory Framework for Health & Safety Management is also contained in this document
(see pages 13 to 16) and covers the minimum requirements for a safety management system that must be in place.

The HSE team look forward to working with you all to ensure the on-going development and implementation of the
16 Life Saving Rules.

Michael Keating
HSE Director
CRH Europe
January 2018

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 Key Changes in the 2018 16 LSR

Key Changes in the 2018 16 LSR

Page Addition/Change Comment

13 Points 1 and 4 Amended
14 Points 5 and 9 Amended
15 Points 10, 11, 12, 14 Amended
16 Points 17, 18, 19, 20 Amended
17 Point 21 Added
20 Requirement 2 (part of)
In pracce this points are already covered in the Contractor
20 New requirements 3,4,5
Safety Checklist
These are the requirements for prestart warning alarms as
26 Requirements 9 and 10
previously communicated
30/31 New requirements 6 and 9 Supported by guidance photos
37 New requirement 6 Supported by guidance photos
41 Requirement 2 (part of)
41 Requirement 4 (part of) New ISO standard
42 Requirement 8 (part of) New reduced mileage limit
43 Requirement 11, 12, 13
51 Requirement 7
55-61 Mobile Phones A whole new secon / requirements
63 Requirement 7
73 Requirement 2 (part of)
73 Requirement 5 (part of)
74 Requirement 13
81 Requirement 11 (part of)
81 Requirement 13
82 Requirement 16 (part of)
82 Requirement 17
82 Requirement 18
97 Requirement 6
112 Requirement 6 (part of)

4
Safety Guidance / Support Material

To be developed in 2018

5
Safety Guidance / Support Material

To be issued in 2018

6
Safety Guidance / Support Material

7
 Safety Alerts

Safety Alerts: Keeping Energy in the Safety Message

Each month, we issue 7 alerts in 14 different languages, 3 of the alerts relate to heavyside activities (this will increase to 4 in
2018), 2 for Distribution and 2 for Lightside activites. Each month we also issue a Best Practice example for each activity.

Heavyside

Distribution

Lightside

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 Measuring Safety with Leading Indicators

Measuring Safety with Leading Indicators

1. Leadership KPI: Safety Leadership Interacons (SLI’s)

2. Employee Engagement KPI

3. Transport Safety Checks: Random safety spot check on heavy goods vehicles carrying goods for CRH
• 5 areas are checked ( if one or more of these issues is not in place , the check is deemed a fail/non compliance)
◦ Evidence that a spot check has been carried out that working day
◦ A pedestrian mirror is in place
◦ That the driver has the required PPE (for the site collecon and delivery) in the vehicle
◦ That the reverse warning system on the vehicle is working
◦ That the load is secure (where applicable)

4. Safety Observaons (near miss): any behaviour, condion or pracce which could lead to injury.

5. High Potenal Learning Event (in effect a serious near miss).

High Potenal Learning Event: is an incident which could have resulted in a fatal accident/serious injury if there was a small
change in circumstances. A comprehensive list of examples is included:

Definion of a High Potenal Learning Event:

5.1. Person or persons working on a machine which is not isolated (electrically, pneumatically, hydraulically or
mechanically) - this includes electrical work. Machine: conveyor belt, belt drives, rollers, drums, motors etc. Included
in this category is:
• Entrance into an area of the plant where the equipment is sll in automac mode.
• The deliberate bypassing of an interlocked gate.

5.2. A vehicle (site vehicle or visitor vehicle) comes close enough to person to cause the pedestrian to take evasive action.

5.3. Any work at height where any one of the following measures where specified in the work instructions have not been
carried out:
• Use of a safety harness
• Use of MEWP
• Use of scaffolding
• Any other measure specified in the work instrucons.

This category also includes work at height which was specifically prohibited.

5.4. Persons working in trenches where any one of the following measures where specified in the work instructions have
not been carried out:
• Use of trench side support systems
• Reducon of the slope of the trench sides/walls
• Any other measure specified in the work instrucons

5.5. Person detected to have alcohol or drugs in his/her system while on site.

5.6. The collapse, overturning or failure of any load bearing part of a:

• Any li, hoist, crane or MEWP
• Any excavator

5.7. Any work in a confined space , where the emergency or rescue procedures were required to be used.

5.8. Any form of ejection of moving parts from within a machine where there was a risk that persons could have been
struck by those parts – examples would includes fluid couplings.

5.9. Any burns resulting from hot material which could have had the potential to cause serious injury.

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 Measuring Safety with Leading Indicators

Measuring Safety with Leading Indicators

Definion of a High Potenal Learning Event (cont.):

5.10. An unintentional initiation of a detonator or ignition/explosion of explosives.

5.11. The explosion, collapse of bursting of any closed vessel.

5.12. The collapse or partial collapse of any access scaffold.

5.13. Any unintended collapse or partial collapse of any building under construction or renovation or any floor of a building
being used as a place of work . This category includes the explosion of pressurised equipment (fixed and mobile) such
as boilers and cement tankers etc.

5.14. Any incident in which plant or equipment comes into contact with an overhead power line/ underground cable or
comes close enough to cause arcing. This includes the unplanned unearthing of either Gas pipes or Electrical Cables
during excavations of any sort.

5.15. Where an object falls from a height close to where people would usually be working within that area or regularly
accessing the area.

5.16. Any other event ,situation or incident which in the view of the company safety officer inclusion as a High Potential
Learning event. This can be agreed on submission of the monthly data.

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Measuring Safety with Leading Indicators

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 CRH Europe Safety Sharepoint

Dedicated Safety Sharepoint

A Dedicated Safety Sharepoint was developed in 2014 to provide a support to all operang companies. Key elements of the
Safety Sharepoint include:

• A database of all CRH Safety alerts in all languages

• A search funcon to allow you locate relevant alerts
• A full database of all CRH Health & Safety Guidance notes
• Presentaons from the various Safety Best Pracce working groups
• Presentaons from various Safety events e.g Annual Transport Safety seminar

Please contact your company safety professional to gain access details for this safety site.

Europe Safety SharePoint homepage Safety Guidance

16 LSR booklets and all Safety

Guidance is available for consulting
and download

Handout pg Page 1 Handout pg Page 2

xx xx

Safety Alerts Safety Campaign material

All Safety Alerts from HS, LS and

Distribution sorted by year and
month

All Safety Campaign video’s and

booklets are available, video’s can
be streamed or downloaded

Handout pg Page 3 Handout pg Page 4

xx xx

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 Minimum Mandatory Health & Safety Framework

1. HEALTH & SAFETY POLICY STATEMENT

1.1. A Health and Safety policy statement must be in place at each company. It should be signed by the Company
Managing Director and displayed at every location.
1.2. Each company Managing Director is responsible for the development and implementation of an SLI program in their
company.
1.3. All companies are required to define and document the safety roles / safety responsibilities / expected safety
behaviours of management and supervisors by January 2019 (a template will be provided in Q1 2018).

2. SAFETY ADVICE / SAFETY RESOURCES

2.1. Every company shall appoint a Health & Safety Officer (full or part-time) who shall provide advice and assistance on
implementation of safety policy.
2.2. Safety professionals will be invited to participate in a Continuous Professional Development (CPD) initiative for safety
professionals (to be launched in Q2 2018).

3. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT: MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS

3.1. Each operation must have a clearly defined policy for PPE requirements.
3.2. While each site can define their own PPE requirements, the following are considered minimum requirements (unless
their non use is permitted through a risk assessment completed by a competent internal safety person):
• Safety Helmet (not bump cap).
• High Visibility Clothing (see requirement 4 of LSR No.5 on page 41).
• Safety Glasses (the use of goggles or other ght fing safety eyewear may be required for specific acvies - this
should be addressed and idenfied as part of the site risk assessment. As a general rule safety glasses should be a
requirement for all those working in or vising an operaonal site.)
• Safety footwear : Integrated metatarsal boots are required by all contractors and employees working at an
operaonal site- see LSR No.12 on page 80. An exempon to this rule only applies where a site specific risk
assessment, completed by a competent internal safety person allows for their non use in specific circumstances).

4. RISK ASSESSMENT / SAFE SYSTEMS OF WORK / PERMITS

4.1. Each company must have an appropriate documented system to complete Risk Assessments for all machines/
installations, workstations, processes and manual tasks that identifies and evaluates the present hazards, the
associated risks and the necessary control measures that must be taken to prevent accidents/injuries.
• Idenfying control measures must be based on the general principle of prevenon taking into account the
following order 1) prevenng risks, 2) prevenng damage/injury, 3) liming the damage/injury.
• Risk assessments must be reviewed on a regular basis or in cases where task/job changes occur that increase or
change the risks.
4.2. Standard Operating Procedures (SOP’s) must be developed, implemented and maintained for repetitive tasks. Tasks
without SOP’s shall have a task risk assessment conducted prior to the work starting.
4.3. A permit system to support risk assessment should also be in place for certain tasks (as identified in the site level risk
assessments) some examples - LOTOTO, Confined Space, non routine lifting operations.
4.4. Construction / Project work such as installation or removal of plant should be accompanied by a detailed Project Risk
Assessment.

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 Minimum Mandatory Health & Safety Framework

5. SAFETY TRAINING
5.1. In conjunction with the HR function within each company , there must be a training database/matrix in place for
Health & Safety Training and Safety Inductions.
5.2. Each Company must have in place an annual safety employee training program. Such training must include an
assessment and be recorded.
5.3. Each operational full time operational employee must receive 12 hours training per year.Again such training must
involve an assessment.
5.4. Each company must have programs in place to ensure all managers and supervisors receive dedicated safety
management training relevant to their position.
5.5. Such training , as required by point 5.4 should include as a minimum:
• Contractor Management: Ref LSR rules 1 and 10
• Communicaon Skills: using material such as the 2017/18 campaign Frontline Leader DVD
• Safety Roles / Safety Responsibilies/ Expected Safety Behaviours
5.6. A specific Health & Safety induction process must be in place for all new employees, contractors and visitors. Safety
Inductions for new employees and contractors must involve an assessment.
5.7. Where safety training , including safety stand downs and toolbox talks are taking place at a site - all contractors
working at the site should be included, where appropriate, in such safety events.

6. EMPLOYEE SAFETY MEETINGS / SAFETY COMMITTEE

Regular safety meetings (formal and informal) should be held with employees on relevant safety topics and where possible
should include contractors.

7. SITE LEVEL SAFETY COMMITTEE

Each location should have a committee of employees from across the location who will review Health & Safety on a regular basis
(formal minutes shall be produced from such meetings).

8. INTERACTIONS WITH TRADE UNIONS ON SAFETY

Subject to local custom and law safety discussions should be held with Trade Unions (if present at a location).

9. ACCIDENTS / INCIDENT INVESTIGATION

9.1. All lost time accidents and High Potential Learning Events (HPLE’s) shall be thoroughly investigated with a focus on
root cause analysis. It is the role of the safety professional to ensure the completion of root cause analysis in such
cases.The Apollo Root Cause Analysis model is the preferred approach, and training has been provided to internal
safety professionals on same.
9.2. All lost time accidents and firesmust be notified to the relevant SVP (Senior Vice President) or Platform MD (Managing
Director) within 48 hours of the LTI occurring. That notification can be by email and include a short description and
photograph of the relevant accident.
9.3. All serious and fatal accidents must be reported to the relevant senior manager and the central Safety team in
Amsterdam as soon as possible after the accident.

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 Minimum Mandatory Health & Safety Framework

10. MONLTHY SAFETY ALERTS / ANNUAL SAFETY CAMPAIGNS

10.1. 8 safety alerts are issued each month (4 Heavyside, 2 Distribution, 2 Lightside) in all relevant languages. The Safety
alerts are a key element in maintaining awareness of key risks and facilitating effective safety discussions.
10.2. Alerts should be used to facilitate discussion at all levels of meetings with operating companies.
10.3. The relevant company safety professional is responsible for the distribution of alerts (in the local language) to all key
persons within the operating company.

11. CONTRACTOR SAFETY

11.1. Only contractors who have successfully completed a prequalification process are permitted to work at a CRH location.
11.2. Transport Contractors must satisfy all elements of the CRH LSR No. 10.
11.3. Transport Contractors are subject to random safety checks (known as Transport Safety Checks – see page 9)
11.4. All contractors must undergo a site induction which must include an assessment, to verify that they have understood
the key site risks.
11.5. Site Safety Inductions for new employees and contractors must cover the disciplinary procedures for breaches of
health and safety, including where relevant “Site Cardinal Rules” – see next point.

12. DISCIPLINARY MEASURES / CONSEQUENCE MANAGEMENT / CARDINAL RULES

12.1. Each company must have a documented disciplinary procedure related to breaches of safety and health requirements
in conformity to local law and Trade Union agreements.
12.2. All elements of this procedures must be clearly communicated to all employees and contractors are part of the safety
induction.
12.3. Operating companies should consider the use of a series of site specific rules which if not followed or breached, will
result in serious disciplinary action. These site level rules , which could use the term “ Site Cardinal Rules “ would be
linked to the most serious safety risk/relevant 16 LSR’s at that operational site. Examples of this approach already
in use, will be circulated during 2018 as part of the some of the monthly Best Practice examples . Companies are
required to move towards this approach at site level, with all operational sites to have such a set of “Cardinal Rules“
by April 2019.

13. EMPLOYEE INCENTIVES

Whilst this is not an absolute mandatory requirement, safety incenves schemes (e.g. most improved locaon etc) are strongly
recommended to give an ongoing focus to H+S.

14. SITE AUDITS / REVIEWS

Each operating company must conduct 16 LSR self assessment, using the CRH 16LSR Auditor guidelines each year at each site.
This annual audit can be carried out by internal or external assessors. These internal audits must focus in detail on all of the
management of all contract transport companies working at the location at the time of the audit.

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 Minimum Mandatory Health & Safety Framework

15. DUE DILIGENCE / ACQUISITIONS

• A CRH Safety Due Diligence checklist must be completed as part of any due diligence process. Where applicable the newco
integration plan should set out a programme and timetable to ensure conformity to CRH policy and requirements as soon
as practical.

16. CAPITAL EXPENDITURE: SAFETY

All capex proposals shall have a Health & Safety assessment completed. Preparation of purchasing specifications should include a
reference to the guidance document on safety specification for new plant and equipment (The Red Book - see the CRH Safety
guidance section on page 6).

17. TARGET SETTING / PERFORMANCE REVIEWS

17.1. Health & Safety performance should be an internal part of the company reporng system and should be reviewed at
management meengs.
17.2. The safety performance metrics / safety informaon to be reviewed include:
• SLI’s
• Safety Observaons / High Potenal Learning Events / Employee Engagement
• Recent Safety Audit findings
• Recent CRH Safety Alerts
• Non compliance issues within the CRH Transport Safety Checks

18. SAFETY COLLABORATION / SHARING BEST PRACTICE

18.1. CRH Europe has a significant safety best pracce / collaboraon structure. This includes specific working groups on
cement/lime, RMC/Aggs, Precast / Paving, Distribuon and Lightside and Distribuon.
18.2. All Companies must ensure that a representave aends the Naonal and European level Safety best pracce
meengs.
18.3. Each company must have access to the CRH Safety Sharepoint (see page 12)

19. EMPLOYEE OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH CHECKS / WORKPLACE HEALTH MONITORING

19.1. Health checks should be carried out where applicable for job funcon, and include pre employment and exit medicals
where required under company policy.
19.2. CRH has signed up to the CSI (Cement Sustainability Iniave) iniave on Occupaonal Health which was launched
in late 2015. The guidance document entled “ The Health Management Handbook” contains specific requirements
which must, where applicable, be met - see LSR No.16 on Occupaonal Health. (Requirement 8 on page 110).
19.3. All companies must have programs in place to meet the requirements of this iniave which focus on noise and dust
exposure.
19.4. All operang companies must have a risk based annual industrial occupaonal hygiene plan which covers issues of
monitoring of exposure related to noise, workplace dust, hand-arm vibraon as appropriate.

20. ANNUAL SAFETY PLANNING / OBJECTIVES AND TARGETS

Every company shall have annual set Health & Safety Targets & Objectives, which are approved and signed by the Managing
Director. As a minimum the annual plan must cover the following:
• Programs to ensure full compliance with the 16 Life Saving Rules
• Program of SLI’s which covers all senior managers
• Programs to monitor contractor performance
• Program of internal/external audits
• Programs to ensure high levels of housekeeping – including training, audits
• Program to ensure compliance with the CRH Safety training requirements
• Targets for Transport Checks
• Targets for % employee engagement ( a KPI to be launched in 2017)
• Review of company compliance with the CSI “ Health Management Handbook” (where applicable).

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 Minimum Mandatory Health & Safety Framework

21. SAFETY CLIMATE SURVEYS

21.1. These surveys are based around management and supervisor interviews and anonymous employee questionnaires
( see results table below). The process is facilitated by external personnel. A number of operating companies have
commenced this process in 2017.
21.2. The process involves an initial safety climate survey, a program to address the issues raised, and a follow up survey to
assess program progress.
21.3. Each operating company will have at least one safety climate survey completed at one of their sites in 2018. This initial
survey will be arranged, facilitated and resources by the central safety function. The operating companies would then

Safety Climate Survey AVG% AVG% Gap

Safety Values

Safety Communicaons

Management Credibility

Hazard Correcon

Aligning Condions

Behavioural
Reinforcement

Accountability

develop their own Safety Climate Survey program for 2019/2020.

22. ISO 45001

2018 will see the launch of the new international safety management standard, 45001. Each company will be required to have a
representative present for the dedicated CRH briefing sessions which will be provided when the standard is launched.

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 LSR 1 • Contractor Safety Management 1

Please note: Contract Haulier / Transport Contractor issues are covered in LSR No.8

Introduction
Contractors and their employees continue to represent a significant proportion of the serious
accidents within the Group. Based on this level of risk, it is policy that a robust pre qualification
system is in place in each company for the use of contractors.

To ensure that the contractor prequalification system is consistent across the divisions and
fulfils a minimum standard, a contractor prequalification system based on the requirements of
a prequalification template the CRH Heavy/Light side “Contractor Safety Checklist“ or agreed
equivalent.

CONTRACTOR MANAGEMENT
You are only as strong as your weakest link.
A Contractor is four mes more likely to be involved in a fatal accident than an Employee.

The sample “Contractor Safety Checklist” (or agreed equivalent) must fulfil the objective of ensuring that, prior to any
contractor commencing work at a CRH location, that the operation is aware of the following:

• The details of the people the contractor will be using.

• Information about the previous safety performance of the contractor company.
• Confirmation that the contractor company have systems for ensuring that their plant and equipment is safe.
• Confirmation that the contractor is aware of the safety requirements of CRH.
• The level of supervision in place.

Please note the following key points in relation to the contractor prequalification system:

• The “Contractor Safety Checklist ” (or agreed equivalent) is completed by the contractor.
• The operational manager who engages the contractor is responsible for ensuring that the prequalification process with
the contractor is completed prior to the contractor commencing work at the location.
• Where contractors are used throughout the year for one operation, the form can be completed once per year.
Example:
where a contract company carry out maintenance throughout the year at different times, that contractor company
can complete one Contractor Safety Checklist in January of each year. They are required to list all the procedures and
personnel that they will use throughout the year. If the personnel used by the contractor company are different to the
personnel listed in the January Contractor Safety Checklist, then the CRH company / location would have to be informed
of the change. The same applies where the contractor company carries out a different job or different work than that
listed in the January Contractor Safety Checklist, then the CRH company / location would have to be informed of the
change. (can be updated if personnel details change).
• Where contractors sub-contract an element of this work, the sub-contractors involved must also complete the relevant
prequalification questionnaire.
• The contractor prequalification system detailed above is not required for low risk contractors such as:
◦ Security Contractors
◦ Office Cleaners
◦ Inspection Bodies
◦ Personnel repairing office equipment only

One pre-qualification approach will ensure a system which is:

• Consistent
• Auditable

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1 LSR 1 • Contractor Safety Management

The contractor prequalification system is intended as a formal

system of ensuring that contractors:

• Provide safe systems of work and risk assessment

information relating to the work that they are going to carry
out.
• That they are issued with the relevant CRH safety
requirements and expectations.
• That the past safety performance of the contractor in terms
of previous fatalities and serious accidents is identified.
• That the machinery and equipment to be used by the
contractor companies is identified and where appropriate
certification is made available.
• That the contractor and his personnel are suitably qualified
and experienced to carry out the required work. This also
covers the need that the contractor and those working on
his behalf are medically fit to carry out the required work.
• That adequate insurance arrangements are in place.
• That the CRH requirements relating to Personal Protective
Equipment are outlined.
• That the contractor is mandated to notify CRH of any
changing work procedures, changing personnel or
equipment.

National legislative requirements can be added by each company as

appropriate.

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 LSR 1 • Contractor Safety Management 1

Requirements for Rule No.1

1. All companies must have in place a contractor prequalificaon system based on “The Contractor Safety Checklist” or
similar prequalificaon quesonnaire. Where contractors sub-contract an element of this work, the sub-contractors
involved must also complete the relevant prequalificaon quesonnaire. The contractor must provide safe systems of
work and risk assessment informaon relang to the work that they are going to carry out. If the original plan changes
then all risk assessments must be reviewed again.

2. The issuing of the “Contractor Safety Checklist” to the contractor firm is the responsibility of the manager or
supervisor who engaged the contractor firm in the first instance.

The purpose is to ensure that the “Contractor Safety Checklist” is completed well in advance of commencing work on
site. This is to allow a comprehensive prequalification assessment.

Each operation will be required to demonstrate that such a system is in place.

3. All contractors must receive a site specific safety inducon prior to commencing work. That inducon must outline the
site specific requirements around risk assessments and work permits. This inducon must include an assessment.

4. Where appropriate, on site contractors must be included in any safety activities such as toolbox talks, safety campaign
events etc.

5. From May 2018, all contractors (excluding contract transport contractors) commencing work at an operation must
be assigned a CRH person, who has overall responsibility for monitoring the work of the contractor while on site.
This responsibility also includes a requirement to conduct regular safety reviews with the contractor. For short term
contractors, this would involve a safety review at the end of the contract. For medium and long term contractors, this
could take the form of a monthly review. Any review should cover the following:
• Accidents/incidents during the contract work.
• Quality of the site induction and any issues with site safety procedures.
The CRH person will also act as a site contact person for the contractor if they require addional informaon or if the
scope of the contractors work is to change.

These addional requirements will involve some changes to the “Contractor Safety Checklist”. See an updated version
of the Contractor Safety Checklist on the safety sharepoint.

To be developed in 2018

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1 LSR 1 • Contractor Safety Management

Serious Accident 2014:

Accident involving major contractor firm: lifting gear failure during a lifting operation. Lifting gear
certification out of date, task safe system of work incorrect.

21
 LSR 1 • Contractor Safety Management 1

Group Fatality Data: 2003 - 2017

9 120k

6 80k

3 40k

0 0k
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Employee Contractor Total Number Employed

Best Practice Example:

Contractor Management. For operations at Opterra each contractor coming on site comes under
the responsibility of a Opterra employee. That employee has responsibility for the ongoing
monitoring of the contractor once on site.

22
 2 LSR 2 • Machinery Safety

Introduction
There have been a very significant number of fatal and serious accidents
involving persons

• becoming trapped in machinery due to inadequate guarding

• becoming trapped in machinery having accessed protected areas
• becoming trapped in machinery and emergency stop cords failed
to operate

Fatalities involving machine interlocks integrity are outlined on the

following page. Fatalities within the group relating to inadequate
guarding can be summarised as follows.

Year Fatality Details: Machinery Safety

1999 Contractor trapped in unguarded return roller
2001 Contractor trapped in conveyor roller
2005 Contractor trapped in conveyor belt
2007 Contractor trapped in conveyor tail drum
2016 Contractor trapped in Conveyor NIP Point
2017 Contractor trapped in Conveyor Tail Drum
2017 Contractor engulfed after Pneumatic slide was started when he was in a chute underneath.

This Life Saving Rule focusing on the following aspects:

• Machinery Guarding standards.

• Where interlocks are in place, to ensure the integrity of such systems.
• Technical requirements for emergency stop buttons and trip cords.
• The need to review the need for start-up warning alarms as a last line of
defence.

The specific requirements for Life Saving Rule No.2 are outlined on page 26.

Machinery Guarding Standards

The following technical guidance documentation has been prepared to assist
operations in complying with the requirements on machinery guarding. This guidance
can used when carrying out machinery safety inspections, risk assessments and when
formulating safety training courses.

• 16 Life Saving Rules guidance document on Machinery Safety which

incorporates the U.K Quarry Products Association “Code of Practice for the
Safeguarding of machinery used in the aggregates industry”- this guidance
contains pictorial guidance on guarding and isolation requirements.

• Machinery Safety in Lightside activities: this is an internal guidance document

which contains pictorial guidance on guarding and isolation requirements.

The Integrity of Interlock Systems

There have been a number of serious accidents within the group, where interlocks
have been bypassed by maintenance staff.

23
 LSR 2 • Machinery Safety 2

Year Fatality Details: Energy Isolation

2000 Maintenance person crushed by pallet clamp during maintenance
2001 Contractor crushed during commissioning of machinery
2001 Employee crushed by brick setting machinery
2004 Employee struck by automated machinery while carrying out maintenance
2005 Employee trapped inside cuber machine
2005 Employee trapped in polystyrene block feeder
2007 Employee accessed an EPS cutting line to clear a blockage, was trapped and killed
2009 Employee entered an interlocked area and was trapped and killed between a slider and column
2011 Employee accessed a brick gripper area and was trapped and killed

Each company must introduce a system of formal checks on all interlocks to ensure integrity i.e that they have not been
bypassed. Interlock systems should be connected to a failsafe circuit. Experience indicates that attempts to bypass interlocks
are indicative of a production or maintenance issue that can be easily addressed placing the guard close to the machine to allow
easier visual inspection and installing features such as remote greasing points.

Where inspections reveal that machine interlocks were being by passed,a management assessment must be carried out to
identify the cause(s) leading to such a by-pass (the bypassing of an interlock is a serious breach of safety procedures and will
result in significant disciplinary action).

Emergency Stop Systems

A Conveyor trip switch, when activated, should open a pair of contacts that are electrically connected to a failsafe circuit.
This electrical failsafe circuit has to be risk assessed and engineered, so that the necessary measures are taken to ensure the
reliability of this failsafe circuit. At the same time the trip switch has to operate a latching mechanism which keeps the contacts
open. The setup should be such that having reset the emergency stop button or trip wire the machine does not restart.

For all Conveyor Trip wires, the following applies:

1. Technical Specification
a) Either a switch is provided at each end OR
b) A single switch is used at one end and a tension spring anchors the other end so that a pull on the wire in any direction
will stop the conveyor.

2. Testing (conveyor trip wires and emergency stop buttons)

It is important that all trip wires are tested regularly i.e physically checked to ensure latching performance, and also to ensure
that the switches have not seized up - the following are the requirements:
• Trip cords and emergency stop buttons must be tested at least once per year.

24
2 LSR 2 • Machinery Safety

MACHINERY SAFETY:
SAFETY RULES TO LIVE BY

Conveyors SHALL
only be operated with approved guarding in place

Workers SHALL
LOTOC/LTT all energy sources before doing maintenance

Workers SHALL
LOTOC/LTT all energy sources before cleaning & clearing
jams
Workers SHALL NOT
modify, misuse or remove controls, interlocks or warning
devices
Workers SHALL
keep clothing, tools, body parts and loose hair away from
conveyors
Workers SHALL NOT
climb, sit, ride, stand, touch, or walk on or walk under
exposed conveyors
Workers SHALL
be trained and competent to operate & maintain conveyors

Workers SHALL
know the location and function of all stop & start controls

Workers SHALL
ensure everyone is away from conveyors before starting

Workers SHALL
report all unsafe conditions and behaviours

Fig. A Fig. B
Required Electrical Isolaon Switch type Required Pre-Start Warning Alarm with
combined Siren and Flashing Light

25
 LSR 2 • Machinery Safety 2

Requirements for Rule No. 2

1. All machinery must be guarded in accordance with the CRH guidance which applies to your operation, namely:

• The CRH Machinery Guidance document on Machinery Safety (incorporating the QPA Technical Guidance
Document).
• The Lightside Machinery Safety Document.

2. From the requirements / guidance mentioned above in 1, attention is drawn in particular to the following
requirements:

• All machinery guards must be fixed. This means that an engineering tool is required to open the guard.
• Screw Conveyors must be secured in such a way that an engineering tool is required to remove them.

3. All interlock systems must be tested and inspected monthly by a competent person. The Site Manager is responsible
for ensuring such a system is in place.

Where interlock systems have been found to be bypassed, the reasons for such modification should be investigated
and identified.

4. Each machine which relies on interlocked gates or interlocked guards must:

• Have a specific risk assessment, which clearly identifies:

◦ Which circuits and relays are deployed when an interlocked gate or guard is opened/removed.
This is to clearly identify what is controlled (and not controlled) by interlocks.
◦ Pneumatic / Hydraulic power sources.
◦ Pneumatic / Hydraulic isolation sources.

Technical requirements around interlocks are included in the CRH guidance note on Machinery Safety / Energy
Isolation.

5. All conveyor emergency trip cords must be configured in such a way that there is a switch at each end or a single
switch at one end and a tension spring anchors the other end.

6. As a minimum, all emergency trip cords and emergency stop buons must be tested at least once per year. Each
operaon will be required to have evidence of such inspecons and tesng.

7. Machinery Safety: Safety Rules to live by (see page 25) must be integrated into machinery safety training programs.

8. Emergency stop buons fied to electrically driven and mechanically driven machines such as motors, presses and
rollers have to be clearly marked – see examples on page 27.

9. All electrical isolaon switches should be such that it is only possible to lock the isolator in the off posion. (Fig. A on
page 25)

10. All conveyor belts must be fied with pre-start warning alarms with an appropriate delay me and a combined
acousc/light warning system. (Fig. B on page 25)

26
 2 LSR 2 • Machinery Safety

Group Fatal Accident - Case Study

Fatal Accident April 2011 - CRH Brick Factory:

A gripper (outlined in yellow) was protected on one side by an interlocked system. The assumption had been that staff would
access the gripper using the route outlined by green arrows and would activate the interlock system. However a short cut through
the route highlighted by the red arrows had developed, this access point was not protected.

Serious Accident 2005:

Operator sustained serious injuries when he
became trapped in a tail drum.

Emergency Stop

27
 LSR 2 • Machinery Safety 2

Serious Accident - Case Study 2013:

Employee lost both hands after they became trapped in a machine producing plastic dimpled sheets.

Serious Accident - Case Study 2014: Serious Accident - Case Study 2014 :
Employee sustained serious hand and arm injuries when he Employee removed cement screw cover and became trapped in
was trapped between the discharge doors of a bucket and the the screw which was still running and had not been isolated.
bucket frame.

Remote greasing to prevent the need to remove

the machine guard.

28
 2 LSR 2 • Machinery Safety

Inspection hatch (with secured grid) on a screw conveyor.

Contractors working on Feeder

(which was off, but not isolated).

This belt (which was not isolated)

was started – deceased was
standing on this belt.

June 21st 2017:

26 years old employee of a maintenance contractor fatally injured.

29
 LSR 3 • Energy Isolation / LOTOTO or LOTOC 3

Introduction
There have been a very significant number of fatal and serious accidents involving persons becoming
trapped in machinery due a failure to follow the correct isolation procedure, a number of these
accidents have been outlined on the following pages. The concepts Lock Out Tag Out Confirm
(LOTOC) or Lock Out Tag Out Try (LTT) are both used and are based on the same principle. It is
important that there is a consistency in the understanding of the term “ Energy Isolation”.

“Energy Isolation“ relates to the following sources of energy:

• Electrical
• Pneumac
• Hydraulic
• Mechanical/Gravitaonal
• Thermal
• Residual energy in machine component parts
• Material flow

Year Fatality Details

2000 Maintenance person crushed by pallet clamp during maintenance
2001 Contractor crushed during commissioning of machinery
2001 Employee crushed by brick seng machinery
2004 Employee struck by automated machinery while carrying out maintenance
2005 Employee trapped inside cuber machine
2005 Employee trapped in polystyrene block feeder
2007 Employee accessed and EPS cung line to clear a blockage , was trapped and killed
2008 2 contractors fatally injured when a mill was restarted while sll working within it
2009 Employee entered and interlocked area and was trapped and killed between a slider and column
2011 Employee accessed a brick gripper area and was trapped and killed
2016 Employee trapped in conveyor belt
2017 Contractor trapped in conveyor belt
2017 Contractor engulfed after Pneumatic Slide was opened over an area where he was working.

Requirements of Rule No.3

1. Each locaon must have a documented LOTOC/LOTOTO policy incorporang machine specific LOTOC/LOTOTO rules.

2. That policy must cover the 7 energy sources outlined above. Operaons will be required to have evidence that the
various energy sources have been considered in machinery risk assessments.

3. Employees, who are involved in any element of LOTOC/LOTOTO procedures, must be trained in the policy and
associated procedures. Such training must be carried out on an ongoing basis and the interval of such training should
not be less than one year.

4. All Isolators must be clearly labelled to idenfy the item of equipment that they isolate. In addion to padlocks, hasp
locks (see photograph on page 34) must also be in place as part of all Isolaon safe systems of work.

5. All employees and contractors involved in LOTOC/LOTOTO must be issued with their own personal padlock and
idenficaon system to be aached to the isolator as part of the LOTOC/LOTOTO procedure.

6. Isolaon owner: When mulple persons are involved in a LOTOC/LOTOTO procedure, a mul hasp or lock out box must
be used and a CRH person must be nominated whose padlock is the first aached and the last lock to be removed.
LOTOC/LOTOTO procedures and site specific informaon relang to LOTOC/LOTOTO must be included in the site safety
inducons (for employees and contractors) which must include an assessment.

30
3 LSR 3 • Energy Isolation / LOTOTO or LOTOC

Requirements of Rule No.3 (cont.)

7. Each item of equipment which relies on interlocked gates or interlocked guards must:

• Have a specific risk assessment, which clearly identifies

◦ Which circuits and relays are deployed when an interlocked gate or guard is opened/removed. This is to clearly
identify what is controlled (and not controlled) by interlocks.
◦ Pneumatic / Hydraulic power sources.
◦ Pneumatic / Hydraulic isolation sources.

8. Standards for Mould change on machines with face feeder secons:

• Mould changing must be carried out according to site level risk assessment and safe operating procedures including
machine specific LOTOTO/LOTOC.

• This procedure must include photographs of the various steps to be taken in the mould changing process. A sample
is available on Sharepoint.

• This procedure must be a 2 man operation unless there is an automatic mould loading feature.
◦ Drive back face feeder section to the isolation position and remove the
mould from machine following the documented procedure.
◦ After cleaning place the new mould in the machine as per the procedure.

• Where the power system of driving the face feeder secon into posion is a hydraulic system, there is an addional
risk in the lack of a slow speed mode, so the following procedures must apply.

1. All adjustments to the back feeder secon and the mould posioning must be completed.
2. All operators involved in the mould change must have vacated the machine area.
3. The moving of the face feeder secon to its operaon posion must be performed from the main
operang panel.
4. If local condions only allow for the moving of the face feeder secon from a local panel, then the panel
must be located at safe distance (+ 2.0 meters) from the locking posion.
5. When the face feeder is in the locking posion, isolaon (LOTOTO/LOTOC) must be in place where manual
bolng of the face feeder secon to the main frame is required.
6. Only aer the locking and ensuring that all secons are
connected and may the operator remove LOTOTO/LOTOC.
7. At this stage the machine is ready to be put into operaon mode.

• In addion to the procedures where the power system of driving the

face feeder secon is electrical there must be a slow mode and an
enabling buon/dead man switch (wired to a safety-controller/relay)
in use for moving the unit.

• For machines that require any movements to be controlled inside the

enclosure best pracce would be to use an enabling/dead man switch
for all such movements. See the picture.

Use of an audible alarm or bell that goes off prior to any movement

would also alert other operators in the vicinity of the work zone.

9. All electrical isolaon switches should be such that it is only possible to lock the isolator in the off posion. (Fig. A on
page 32).

31
 LSR 3 • Energy Isolation / LOTOTO or LOTOC 3

Required Electrical Isolaon Switch type. Required Pre-Start Warning Alarm with
combined Siren and Flashing Light.

2016 Fatal Accident - Lime Works:

2 employees were replacing rubber skirting around a discharge point . The belt had been shut down for
maintenance (by another team of maintenance personnel) with full isolation (LTT/LOTOC). The isolation
was removed at the far end of the line to run a belt for a few moments (to clear material from a build-up
at another discharge point) - the team that had restarted the belt believed the other team had completed
their work. Neither of the two employees had applied their personal locks. One of the employees was
killed when the belt restarted.

32
3 LSR 3 • Energy Isolation / LOTOTO or LOTOC

2015 Accident:
An employee placed this bar through a conveyor guard to remove a material build up. The bar was
trapped in the moving nip point resulting in the bar and the worker’s hand being pulled inwards. The
worker lost the top section of his middle finger on his right hand and sustained soft tissue damage to the
thumb of his left hand.

Training boards for LOTOTO/LOTOC . These boards which are designed individually contain a number
of scenarios which are used to train and assess trainees (on a one to one basis) on the issue of Energy
Isolation and lockout.

33
 LSR 3 • Energy Isolation / LOTOTO or LOTOC 3

Pneumatic Isolation Clearly identified pneumatic isolation point.

Mechanical Isolation: protecting a sliding door Mechanical Isolation: protecting a sliding door
(Mechanical + Padlock). (Mechanical + Padlock).

LTT or LOTOC

A confirmation check that all residual air has

been vented from the system.

34
3 LSR 3 • Energy Isolation / LOTOTO or LOTOC

2015 Accident:
Operator reattached an air joint connector which had
become loose on the pneumatic supply line to a clamp.
The injured party opened the electronically barred
door and entered the security area and climbed onto
the pallet conveyor. On reconnecting the air supply the
clamp by reaching through the gap shown below, the
clamps reactivated, moved up (to the position indicated
by the red arrow) and squeezed him – he received
serious injuries. Entry into the area was not protected
by interlocked gates and the failure to vent the air
system of residual air was a contributory factor (the air
dump/vent valve had been located close to the control
position).

2016 High Potential Learning Event:

An employee was carrying out a maintenance task,
having attached his isolator, he tried to start the
machine (The Try Out (TO) or Confirm (C) step ). The
machine started and on investigation it was found that
the isolator was faulty.

35
 LSR 3 • Energy Isolation / LOTOTO or LOTOC 3

Contractors working on Feeder

(which was off, but not isolated).

This belt (which was not isolated) was

started – deceased was standing on
this belt.

June 21st 2017:

26 years old employee of a maintenance contractor fatally injured.

Visible Cut-off Switch (VCS) a recent

design where an operator gets a
visual confirmation of the isolation.

36
4 LSR 4 • Electrical Safety

Introduction
There have been a very significant number of fatal and serious accidents involving persons being
electrocuted or burned (a number of these accidents are summarised on page 38).
A guidance document: CRH Electrical Safety Guidance has been developed to assist operations to
comply with this rule.

Requirements of Rule No.4

1. Each operational site must have a list of electrical equipment or an electrical survey completed. As a minimum this
information must cover the following:
• A list of all electrical installations at the site.
• Confirmation that the electrical line/circuit drawings are up to date.
• A summary of maintenance requirements for the electrical equipment.
• Emergency shut off devices are in place at each installation.
• LOTOC/LTT facilities are in place.
• There is a scheme in place to restrict access to electrical panels and enclosures, transformers and substations.
• All installations have the correct IP rating for the location and activity.
• Confirmation that the electrical distribution systems likely to be affected by lightning are fitted with over voltage
protection.

2. The CRH Europe electrical guidance includes a checklist which must be completed at each operation once per year
(or shorter intervals if required by local/national legislation) by a competent qualified electrician (internal or external)
and this checklist must be available for inspection. The completion of this checklist for each operation each year is a
mandatory requirement.

3. Each operational site will be required to show evidence that electrical supply cables subject to physical damage have
been identified and replaced by reinforced / strengthened cables.

4. Each operational site must comply with the requirements from the CRH Electrical Safety Guidance document.

5. All electrical contractors must be externally accredited (accreditation to be defined at country level) and all internal
electrical people formally authorised by plant management.

6. A portable electrical equipment colour code system must be put in place by January 1st 2019. Each minimum 12
month period will have a specific colour e.g yellow. Portable Electrical Equipment which has an inspection tag which
is that colour i.e a yellow tag is an indication that the equipment has been checked and tested within that period
(minimum 12 months). All users of portable electrical equipment would then be instructed to only use equipment with
correct colour code tag for that period. See example photo on page 39.

37
 LSR 4 • Electrical Safety 4

A B

June 22nd 2017:

Contract Electrician received serious burns to hand and face when a non-insulated screw driver made contact with live elements
of a panel causing a “flashover”. Procedures were not followed and the electrician used the incorrect type of tool (photo A) and
not the correct insulated type (photo B).

2015 Accident:
A contract electrician received superficial burns to
both his hands whilst removing a fuse compartment in
the control room sub station at Croxden Quarry. The
incident was the result of an electrical arc in the panel.
Fatal Accident 2011:
Employee picked up cable which was damaged. He received
a fatal electric shock.

Fatal Accident 2012:

Electrician was changing light bulbs when he suffered an electric shock- the electrical isolation of the circuit had not been
confirmed.

38
4 LSR 4 • Electrical Safety

All live touch points shrouded and covered.

A Digital Multi-Meter.

Instrucons for all users of portable electrical equipment

to only use equipment with correct colour code tag for that
period.

Insulated Tools

39
 LSR 5 • Site Transport (Including Rail Operations) 5

Introduction
Accidents involving mobile plant account for over 60% of fatal accidents within the aggregates industry. This rule is designed to
focus on the key accident causes within this sector.

Year Fatality Details

1997 Contractor struck by a reversing RMC truck on site
2001 Dump truck driver killed when vehicle overturned
2004 Contractor struck by reversing excavator
2004 Employee struck by reversing truck on site
2006 Truck struck an overhead power line on a road surfacing project – driver was killed when he touched
the truck
2007 Contract HGV driver killed when truck went off a public road
2007 Contract HGV driver crushed between his vehicle and gate after he left the truck and did not engage the
handbrake
2013 Excavator struck a control cabin where a workers was situated, the building collapsed killing the worker
2014 A truck driver stopped on a public road to check the security of a load of pipes he was transporting when
the load fell onto him
2014 Contractor struck and killed by rail wagon during repair
2016 Employee struck and killed by forward moving truck

Note: Issues relating to Forklift Safety are specifically referred to in Life Saving Rule No. 6

2016 Fatal Accident - RMC Plant:

A worker was using a water hose to clean a yard .
At the same time a RMC mixer was being cleaned
out (engine running). Following the cleaning
operation, the RMC mixer started to move forward.
The driver was looking to his left, where his view
was blocked by another RMC truck (see photo).

While moving forward the driver did not see the

worker (cleaning the yard) and he ran over him.

40
5 LSR 5 • Site Transport (Including Rail Operations)

Requirements for Rule 5

1. Each location must have documented site transport rules in place, based on a site transport assessment which, at a
minimum, address:

a) Vehicle / Pedestrian separation: This must include a site transport risk assessment. In effect this is an overview
of truck , car, site mobile plant and people flow / movement. See a worked example in the CRH Guidance note “
Internal Transport: Safety Guidance” (pictured here).
b) Edge protection for slopes/benches.
c) Mobile plant driver competency and training requirements.
d) Vehicle rules –
a. Speed limits / restrictions.
b. Use of mobile phones.
c. Mandatory wearing of seat belts by all drivers for all vehicles.
d. Carrying of passengers in vehicles. Passengers must only be carried in
vehicles where there is a separate seat.
e. Vehicle towing: Prior to towing, it is necessary to ensure that:
• A risk assessment must be completed, which consider aspects such as
suitability of towing vehicle, competence of personnel, proximity of
vehicles, slope & gradient, aachment points, exclusion zone etc.
• Only cerfied towing ropes or slings(non steel) or fixed draw-bars may
be used for towing. They should be regularly examined.
• Chains/Slings used for towing must never be used for lifting and
should be clearly labelled “ Towing Only”.

A guidance document outlining specific guidance and a significant number of examples is available to assist in full
implementaon of this rule.

2. All loading shovels, dozers and dump trucks must be fied with CCTV systems and external flashing beacons. The need
for CCTV’s on excavators should be based on a site risk assessment.

All site vehicles/mobile plant must be fied with reverse warning alarms and concave and convex mirrors.
• All site heavy vehicles working in areas where there is a risk of material falling onto the cab of that vehicle must be
fied with a FOPS (Falling Object Protecon System) Structure.
• All site heavy vehicles working in areas where roll over could occur must be fied with a ROPS (Roll Over Protecon
System) Structure. See accidents photos on page 47.

3. A system must be in place to ensure that a documented pre start check is carried out on each work vehicle at the start
of the working shi.

4. Each site must have a policy which requires all employee, contractors and visitors to wear high visibility clothing where
appropriate. High Visibility bibs/vests must not be used by producon/maintenance staff as they may become open/
loose and present a hazard. In such cases, high visibility overalls or polo shirts should be used. High Visibility clothing
must be of yellow or orange colour with reflecve banding (such high visibility clothing should comply with
EN ISO 20471).

5. A system must be in place to ensure that the brake systems on dump trucks and loading shovels are tested at least
twice per year.

41
 LSR 5 • Site Transport (Including Rail Operations) 5

Requirements for Rule 5 (cont.)

6. All employees operang site vehicles (this does not include company cars for use on public roads) must be trained, and
must carry out documented daily pre-use company vehicle inspecons for both on-site and off-site use. Employees
operang site mobile plant must receive regular refresher training. This refresher training for employees must be
carried out at a minimum of every 3 years and must include an assessment by a competent instructor of the plant
operator actually operang the item of mobile plant. This requirement does not apply to construcon projects where
contract mobile plant operators hold evidence of competence from accredited external bodies.

The 3 year interval for employees is to recognise the high level of risk involved with site vehicles. The refresher
training does not need to be a me consuming process, it can simply involve a competent instructor observing a driver
operang the vehicle for 45/60 minutes to ensure that no bad habits or poor pracces have evolved since the driver’s
inial training.

7. Edge protecon must be in place on haul and access roads within the operaon to prevent a vehicle going over
an unprotected edge. The height of this edge protecon must be equal to a minimum of 1.5 metres or half of the
diameter of the wheel of the largest site vehicle using that road. Haul road widths and gradients must comply with the
diagram outlined on page 48, unless a risk assessment of exisng condions has been completed and it is deemed not
necessary.

8. All employees who drive on a public road on company business should be assessed as to a need to have refresher
training. Each company can define the criteria for the selecon of personnel for such training, but is it is envisaged that
personnel driving in excess of 10,000km (6000 miles) per annum on company business should have a form of refresher
training (to be defined at country level) at least every 3 years. The new and reduced threshold (10000km) for which
training will now be a requirement will apply from January 2019.

Personal Protective Equipment: see point 3 of the Minimum Mandatory Framework on Page 13.

42
5 LSR 5 • Site Transport (Including Rail Operations)

Requirements for Rule 5 (cont.)

9. Railway Safety
• All personnel with responsibilities relating to any aspect of planning , operation or maintenance around railway
operations must hold evidence of competence in their area of responsibility from an accredited external body or
from an accredited internal training program.
• An overall risk assessment for railway activity must be completed covering, as a minimum, the following:
◦ Contacts between trains, head to head and head to tail.
◦ Contacts between trains and other things (e.g. vehicles, workgroups, plant, machinery and equipment, people
and animals).
◦ De-railing and re-railing.
◦ Decoupling during the journey or shunting.
◦ Shunting.
◦ Yard shunting (other than by locomotives) .
◦ Locomotive/load characteristics.
◦ Unexpected operator/s incapacity and impairment of operators (including traffic controllers).
◦ Procedures and rules around chocking.
• The indicator which denotes the safe parking point must be clearly visible - see examples on page 44.

10. The CRH guidance note “ Work near water” must be used when devising risk assessment for work or vehicle
movement close to water – see LSR No. 12, requirement 13.

11. A minimum “2 metre rule“ applies to the operaon of workplace vehicles and it is the responsibility of each driver
to observe this rule. The 2 metre rule states that there must be no person within 2 metres of the vehicle, before the
driver will operate the machine.

12. Any tasks related to maintenance of vehicles (inflang or topping up tyres, jumpstarng baeries, cleaning of vehicles
etc.) can only be undertaken by authorised employees, contractors and third pares – this authorisaon must be from
site management and include an assessment of risk for the parcular task.
• Any tyre inflation (for heavy mobile plant), once authorised must only take place using tyre restraining devices and
airlines of sufficient length to allow the user to stand safely to the side (see photos on page 47 and 48).
• All locations where tyre inflation for heavy mobile plant is carried out should consider the example shown on the
top of page 40, which allows for access controlled and pressure controlled tyre inflation.
• All locaons where baery charging or jump starng of baeries is carried out must have site specific procedures
to cover these tasks.

13. A warning noficaon (similar to the example at the top of page 45) should be in place outside site workshops/vehicle
maintenance areas . A similar warning noficaon must be also in place making it clear that any vehicle maintenance
(tyre inflaon, baery charging , window cleaning) can be carried out in this area only with specific authorisaon from
the site manager. The purpose of this requirement is to ensure transport contractors using the site do not carry out
unauthorised ad hoc vehicle maintenance on site.

43
 LSR 5 • Site Transport (Including Rail Operations) 5

Markers to clearly identify the required holding position

for parked wagons.

2014 Accident:
An employee was standing on the access steps of the locomotive (using
a remote control. The locomotive struck a wagon was had rolled onto
the main track from a siding. The wagon brake was not engaged and the
wagon was not chocked.

44
 5 LSR 5 • Site Transport (Including Rail Operations)

PPE requirements specified at site entrance.

A sign such as this, in compliance with local legislation,

must be in place outside site workshops/vehicle
maintenance areas.

Accident at Bauking:
Collision between a Forklift and a truck being loaded.

45
 LSR 5 • Site Transport (Including Rail Operations) 5

Group Fatal Accident -

Case Study 2004:
Foreman fatally injured when he was
run over by a vehicle reversing off the
weighbridge.

Group Fatal Accident -

Case Study 1998:
Foreman run over by a reversing dump
truck.

There are 3 persons in this photo - can you spot all 3?

46
5 LSR 5 • Site Transport (Including Rail Operations)

Brake tester for large site vehicles. 2 Metre Rule displayed clearly on vehicle.

10% < slope < 15% 15% < slope < 20% Slope > 20%
Put in place the Modify the ground to bring
following sign the slope to 15% - if this is not
“Dangerous Descent“ possible put a sign in place
stating “ Dangerous Descent “
and also limit access to the road
to authorised vehicles only.
Not allowed for use

USE 3RD GEAR AND USE THE

RETARDER
NO ACCESS FOR HEAVY GOODS
VEHICLES

47
 LSR 5 • Site Transport (Including Rail Operations) 5

SUITABLE EDGE PROTECTION BERM PROFILE

UNSUITABLE EDGE PROTECTION BERM PROFILE

Safety Banks in practice. Edge Protection using precast structures.

A = Width of widest truck using road

B = Half width of widest truck
eg. For two lane traffic - road width should be three and a half times widest truck width.

48
5 LSR 5 • Site Transport (Including Rail Operations)

While inflating the front offside tyre of a front end

loader (which was being collected from a site by a third
party), the tyre mechanism ruptured and the sealing
ring was ejected and struck the operator. He died of
his injuries. The airline used was connected to the
compressor of the truck (of the deceased) and did not
have a gauge or regulator fitted.

Examples of tyre restraint systems.

49
 LSR 5 • Site Transport (Including Rail Operations) 5

Best Practice example: To eliminate the risk of over inflation of tyres, tyre pressure is inputted remotely into a control unit. The 15
metre airline is then fitted to the vehicle (away from the control unit ) and a preset air pressure is used to inflate the tyre. Access
to the control is restricted as users require access codes.

3 metre
Inflation Hose

50
 6 LSR 6 • Forklift Safety

Introduction
There have been a number of fatal and serious accidents involving forklift trucks within the group in recent years.

Year Fatality Details

2007 Employee struck by a reversing forklift truck
2009 Employee struck by a reversing forklift truck
2009 Employee struck by a forward moving forklift truck carrying a load
2013 Employee struck by a forward moving forklift truck

Requirements for Rule No.6

1. The operational speed of the forklift must be restricted through the vehicle management system (where available) to

• Forward speed: 16km/h

• Reverse speed: 5 km/h

For forward and reverse movement a warning light system such as the Blue light system shown on page 53 must be
considered as a possible control measure while risk assessing forklift activity within each operation (evidence of such
an assessment will be required).

2. A risk assessment must be carried out for each forklift to ensure that the visibility of the driver is not restricted when
carrying typical/standard loads as part of the normal working shift.

3. As a minimum, all forklifts must be fitted with:

• A seat belt
• A cabtop flashing beacon
• A reverse warning alarm
• A convex mirror

4. All forklift drivers must carry out a documented pre start check before the commencement of their shift.

5. All persons operating forklifts (including maintenance personnel who may only operate the units periodically) must
receive formal training.

6. Employees operating forklift trucks must receive regular refresher training. This refresher training for employees must
be carried out at a minimum of every 3 years and must include an assessment by a competent instructor of the plant
operator actually operating the item of mobile plant.

The 3 year interval for employees is to recognise the high level of risk involved with site vehicles. The refresher
training does not need to be a time consuming process, it can simply involve a competent instructor observing a driver
operating the vehicle for 45/60 minutes to ensure that no bad habits or poor practice have evolved since the driver’s
initial training.

7. A “2 metre rule“ applies to the operation of workplace vehicles and it is the responsibility of each driver to observe
this rule. The 2 metre rule states that there must be no person within 2 metres of the vehicle, before the driver will
operate the machine. A sign similar to the photo on page 53, in the relevant language, should be placed on each
workplace and reach truck as a means of reminding pedestrians of the 2 metre rule.

51
 LSR 6 • Forklift Safety 6

CCTV stills of footage from a location where a van driver reversed and struck a forklift driver.

Group Fatal Accident - Case Study 2009: Reconstruction of a Serious accident – March 2015:
Employee struck and killed by a reversing forklift truck. Worker was struck by a forward moving forklift. Driver’s view
was restricted by load.

May 2009: The victim was walking towards

the door when he was struck by the
reversing forklift truck.

Group Fatal Accident - Case Study:

Contract fitter struck and killed by a Forklift unit.

52
6 LSR 6 • Forklift Safety

Blue Spot System in operation.

2 Metre Rule displayed clearly on vehicle.

53
 LSR 7 • Mobile Phones 7

This rule sets out the minimum requirements relating to the use of mobile phones in companies.
Some companies have introduced additional measures in relation to mobile phone use.

Introduction
Accidents involving mobile plant account for a significant section of serious accidents in our Industry. An issue that has arisen
over recent years has been the use of mobile phones by both mobile plant operators and pedestrian / workers walking in areas of
traffic movement.

Year Fatality Details

2004 Employee on a mobile phone was struck by a reversing truck
2012 Employee on a mobile phone struck by a truck moving forward

To deal with this risk, each company must implement a policy in relation to mobile phones, which as a minimum complies with
the policy outline on pages 56 to 59 (a sample to assist in this process is shown on page 46).

As a minimum, each company’s mobile phone policy must include:

• A requirement that the use of mobile phones in the workplace must be restricted to a minimum.
• A commitment that all company public road vehicles must be fitted with a hands free system.
• A commitment that all phone calls using the handsfree will be kept to a minimum and that the company vehicle driver will
immediately inform the caller than he/she is driving.
• A clear requirement not to use mobile phones near moving machinery or near to areas where moving mobile plant is
operating.
• The policy must also cover the use of a mobile phone for texting and the accessing of information through a mobile
phone.

Requirements for Rule No.7

1. A Mobile Phone policy to be formulated and implemented, and as a minimum, refer to the issues highlighted in the
sample policy and guides on pages 56 to 59.

2. This policy must to be circulated to all employees and contractors. The policy must be incorporated into the safety
induction process for employees and contractors (including all contract transport operators).

3. Site rules on the use of mobile phones must be specified in the site transport rules as required under Life Saving rule
No.5.

54
 7 LSR 7 • Mobile Phones

Group Fatal Accident - Case Study 2012:

A Foreman was run over by a concrete truck which was
moving forward. He became distracted after taking a
mobile phone call.

Group Fatal Accident - Case Study 2004:

Foreman run over by a vehicle reversing off the
weighbridge.

Mobile Phone Producers are adapting their technology to reduce the risks from the use of mobile phones. In the latest iOS 11
update from Apple, it is possible to restrict texts and emails and other notifications when the “do not disturb while driving’ is
activated (Automatically when connect to hands-free accessory). When the ‘”do not disturb” is activated manually, it’s only
allowing incoming calls from those on a“Favourites List“.

An example of mobile phone control technology for android phones is the Traffic
Response app created by Samsung (for use in the Samsung Galaxy Range)
the app temporarily suspends all notifications (texts, emails, social network
notifications, but not calls).

Traffic Response automatically responds to incoming text and email notifications

when you activate the feature on your phone. The app can also be activated
to measure through the activity sensor or GPS and from 10 km/h, the app will
automatically activate.

55
 LSR 7 • Mobile Phones 7

SAFE USE OF MOBILE PHONES IN THE WORKPLACE - SAMPLE POLICY

WORKSITES
TO SITE MANAGERS / SUPERVISORS / ALL STAFF SUBCONTRACTORS:

The Use of Personal Phones for personal calls or personal messages should be restricted
to break times. Any employee who needs to make/receive an urgent personal telephone
call will be accommodated – please ask your Supervisor.

Where Possible, machine operators and those working near fixed plant/machinery
should avoid the use of mobile phones.

DO NOT
• DO NOT Answer a call when operating Plant and/or Machinery.

• DO NOT Answer a call if communicating with others on site radios. e.g. slinger/banksman / crane drivers.

• DO NOT Use or operate a phone when climbing a ladder or other similar structures.

• DO NOT Operate mobile phones or other electrical equipment near petrol containers or other flammable substances.

• DO NOT Permit the use of mobile phones when excavating near gas pipelines.

• DO NOT Use mobile phones in areas where the site rules strictly forbid them.

• DO NOT Operate mobile phones when crossing traffic routes.

• DO NOT Operate mobile phones near any shot-firing operations.

DO
• Carry a mobile phone if working alone in a remote area e.g. driller.

• Carry a mobile phone if you are concerned about your safety going to or from work.

• Ensure you have quick and effective communications available for emergency situations.

• Ensure you are standing in a safe area before answering a call.

56
 7 LSR 7 • Mobile Phones

Mobile Phone Safety Guidance

Why are we introducing this guidance on mobile phones?

The objecve of this policy is to provide a structure on the use of mobile phones to those using phones in vehicles
within our business during the course of their work. The core objecve of this new guidance is to bring about the
following changes:

• To eliminate the behaviour of people using phone handsets to read emails, read or send texts or to access
web sites.
• To help us all to assess our driving environment before using the hands free phone system.
• To move us all towards the use of the voice acvaon features on our phone systems.
• To help us to consider the fact that some people who we may be calling in the course of our work may be
driving.

If we achieve these objecves with this new guidance, then this will represent a significant improvement in the risk
management in this area.

Introduction

1. Mobile phones are a significant element of everyday communicaon and once used safely they present a very efficient
communicaon tool for employees. The challenge with developing a safety policy in relaon to mobile phone use is the need
to try and allow employees to get the benefit of such a tool, but in such a way that the phone is used in a safe and controlled
manner. The monitoring of compliance with this requirement will be very difficult, hence the focus on educaon and training
as part of this overall program. The amended LSR No.7 of the 16LSR covers the issue of mobile phone use by all employees
when on company business, in the company, owned (by the employee on company business) or rented vehicles.

Other points to note:

• This recommendaon represents minimum standards. Companies can go beyond the recommendaon if required,
i.e have addional controls.
• The use of a mobile phone to review, read or send emails or texts while operang a vehicle is strictly prohibited.

57
 LSR 7 • Mobile Phones 7
Mobile Phone Safety Guidance

2. Company, owned, leased or rented cars.

Key elements for mobile phone use in company, owned (on company business), leased or rented cars. (vehicles over 3.5t or
over are covered in secon 3).

To allow me for policy communicaon and awareness training through the CRH campaign - the car mobile phone policy
should be fully rolled out by January 1st 2019

2.1. To support the proposed changes, a significant internal campaign entitled “Mobile Phone - Responsible use“ will be
developed and launched across CRH Europe in Q2 2018. This will be a campaign incorporating explanation around the
new policy, practical guidance on the safe use of mobile phones and personal testimonies from car accident victims
where mobile phone use was a factor.

The campaign will also highlight the features which are now being added to phones to control and restrict mobile
phone use while driving (see the example of the latest iPhone and Android approaches on page 55).

2.2. Key elements of the amended rule on mobile phone use and the “Mobile Phone- Responsible Use“ program:

2.2.1. On completion of the program, each participant will sign a pledge undertaking to follow the key aspects of
the requirements as outlined below. It should be noted that failure to comply with this program will result in
disciplinary action.

2.2.2. The Handset cannot be used for any purpose* related to texting, emails, or any form of web use. All handsets
should, where possible, be out of reach before a car journey starts. Where the technology is available on your
phone (iPhone or Android) it must be activated immediately.

*An exception is permitted if the phone is used for satellite navigation purposes. In such a case the phone must
be mounted in a fixed device where it can be easily seen while keeping a good view of the road, it must not
obstruct the driver’s view and cannot be held in the hand. The driver is not allowed to manipulate the device
while driving.

58
7 LSR 7 • Mobile Phones

Mobile Phone Safety Guidance

2.3. Drivers can receive hands free phone calls once they undertake to:

2.3.1. Immediately inform the caller that they are driving.

2.3.2. Keep the call duration to an absolute minimum. If a conversation is unlikely to be short, the caller must be told
they will be contacted as soon as the driver has found a safe place to park.

2.3.3. Not to take a call when driving in an unfamiliar environment. Even in familiar areas, the awareness program
(Mobile Phone-Responsible Use) will feature practical examples to focus on the need for drivers to continue
to assess the overall situation, which includes other traffic, pedestrians, visibility and the weather/elements at
the time.

Please note, a driver is under no obligation to answer or make a call (using the hands free system) while
operating the vehicle.

2.4. Drivers can make hands free mobile phone calls once they undertake to:

2.4.1. Only use voice activation to activate the call (or an integrated steering wheel system which allows the driver to
keep their hands on the steering wheel and their eyes on the road).

- Voice acvaon is a safety feature on most phones, yet is not used by the vast majority of phone users. This
program would require all employees using vehicles for company business to introduce and manage this
feature.

2.4.2. To only initiate a call when driving in a familiar environment. Practical examples or how to assess the
environment will be featured in the “Mobile Phone-Responsible Use” campaign.

2.4.3. To keep such calls to a minimum - the “Responsible Use“ program would allow an element of professional
discretion in terms of making calls, but would envisage that only calls related to schedule issues (running late),
business critical issues (a short update on plant breakdown or urgent short commercial update). It is envisaged
that such calls should last no longer than a few minutes.

2.5. As a general principle under the “Mobile Phone-Responsible Use” program and related training:

2.5.1. All CRH personnel who make a work related call to a mobile phone, would be required to first ask the person
they are calling if they are driving and if it is safe to take the call. If the person being called is driving and where
the call is not urgent, the CRH caller has a responsibility to end the call as soon as possible.

2.5.2. Where a CRH employee makes a call to the mobile phone of a colleague, and that colleague is driving, the
conversation should be brief. If the call relates to anything that may be contentious or require significant
discussion/debate then the responsibility is on the caller to avoid and defer such a conversation.

59
 LSR 7 • Mobile Phones 7
Mobile Phone Safety Guidance

3. Vehicles over 3.5t

The challenges posed to the drivers of such vehicles is significantly ahead of those faced by other vehicle drivers. As a result
the mobile phone policy applying to this category of drivers needs to allow much less discreon than for smaller vehicles.

While the requirements listed here are new and may inially be received negavely, it is important to remember that any
addional unnecessary burden on the concentraon and focus of a Heavy Goods Vehicle driver, is not acceptable. These
changes will bring about a gradual change of culture in relaon to the use of mobile phones.

For drivers of vehicles over 3.5t.

3.1. The Handset cannot be used for any purpose* related to texting or emails. All handsets should where possible, be out
of reach before a journey starts.

*An exception is permitted if the phone is used for satellite navigation purposes. In such a case the phone must be
mounted in a fixed device where it can be easily seen while keeping a good view of the road, it must not obstruct the
driver’s view and cannot be held in the hand. The driver is not allowed to manipulate the device while driving.

3.2. Drivers are not permitted to make hands free phone calls while driving. The only exceptions are in the event of an
emergency or to request assistance in the event of a breakdown. One exception is permitted, where a driver needs to
contact a customer to provide an accurate arrival time. This is permitted under two conditions:
1. The customer number is programmed into the phone in advance of the journey.
2. The call is kept to an absolute minimum.

Note. A number of companies now have integrated EPS Monitoring of delivery vehicle locaons. These systems should
be used as much as possible to reduce the need for drivers to contact anyone.

60
7 LSR 7 • Mobile Phones

Mobile Phone Safety Guidance

3.3. Drivers are permitted to take hands free phone calls while driving only under the following conditions.

3.3.1. The call relates to an urgent issue relating the delivery and it is safe to do so*. There is an onus on each driver
to ensure key phone numbers (which are related to the delivery e.g the CRH weighbridge) are identifiable so
the driver can recognise all calls that come through to the driver’s phone.

*Not to take a call when driving in an unfamiliar environment. Even in familiar areas, the awareness program
(Mobile Phone-Responsible Use) will feature practical examples to focus on the need for drivers to continue to
assess the overall situation, which includes other traffic, pedestrians, visibility and the weather/elements at the
time.

3.3.2. The call is taken without using the handset, for example by using the steering wheel mounted controls.

3.3.3. The call must be kept to an absolute minimum (to receive an additional instruction or to report on current
location). A driver is under no obligation to answer a call (using the hands free system) while operating the
vehicle.

3.4. There is an additional professional and personal responsibility on all CRH personnel who as part of their roles may be
required to call Heavy Goods Vehicle drivers. This applies in particular to weighbridge personnel and sales staff. Such
staff have a responsibility to ask before each call:
• Is this call necessary?
• Should I allow some addional me before I make that call (if a customer is waing on delivery).
Once the call is made, such staff have a very significant responsibility to keep the call to an absolute minimum (a
maer of seconds). Praccal examples will be featured in the “ Mobile Phone-Responsible Use” campaign.

To allow me for training and communicaon - the policy should be fully rolled out by April 2019 (due to the significant
number of contractors involved, addional me is being allowed for this communicaon program).

Make the glove compartment the phone compartment.

61
 LSR 8 • The Management of Contract Transport (Heavy Goods Vehicles on the Public Road) 8

Introduction
A significant section of the working population within our operations
are employee and contract drivers of public road HGV’s ( Heavy Goods
Vehicles ) transporting material on our behalf. While we cannot monitor
and check every aspect of contract haulier safety and behaviour, we
must have in place a system that ensures that each contractor transport
company is aware of our safety requirements and that we have a
system that monitors the implementation of these requirements by the
transport contractor.

Drivers who are involved in the delivery and erection of precast elements
are also covered by Life Saving Rule No.11.

The key elements of any such system relating to the management of contract public road transport contractors must cover the
following:

• Screening drivers - in practice undertaking background screening checks on drivers to verify their driving records.
• Driver training programs.
• Monitoring driver fitness for work.
• Vehicle standards.
• Providing facilities to enable drivers to comply with company rules - rest areas etc.
• Journey management planning ( in certain countries).

It is important to note that these requirements do not apply to:

• Vehicles coming on site to collect on behalf of a customer.

• Vehicles delivering goods or products from an outside source e.g fly-ash, welding equipment etc.
• Courier companies.

It is essential that:

a) A formal system is in place to ensure that all such contract drivers have received formal inducon safety training for the
type of work they will be conducng. This training should include a detailed secon on the hazards of:

• Overhead electrical power lines.

• The precautions required while tipping a load. This particular aspect of contract transport activity represents a significant
number of high potential learning events.
• Requirement for Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).
• Site safety requirements relating to the CRH site that they are collecting material from.
• The issues to be covered in a vehicle pre start check (prestart checks must be documented).
• Where partial or mixed loads are a feature of the work carried out for CRH, the contract transport company must have
training programs that cover details considerations for securing / strapping loads.
• The CRH policy on mobile phone use and the requirement for a hands free system only.

The key requirement here is that contract transport companies working on our behalf must maintain records confirming
that their drivers have received this training. From me to me the CRH company must carry out random checks on the
implementaon of the CRH safety requirements within that company.

In summary we are requiring contract transport companies working on our behalf to train their drivers on the issues
highlighted above. In many cases the CRH company may assist the contract transport company in this process by providing
training material such as DVD’s etc. In some cases, where regular contract transport companies are used on a long term
basis the CRH company may decide to carry out some of the training requirements.

b) Each transport company working on our behalf has a system in place to ensure all of their drivers have a valid driving
licence to drive/operate the particular class of vehicle. The CRH company must have a system to periodically check the
implementation of such a system among it’s contract transport companies.

The requirements of a) and b) above need to be included as part of a prequalification process.

62
8 LSR 8 • The Management of Contract Transport (Heavy Goods Vehicles on the Public Road)

Requirements for Rule No.8

1. All transport companies (operating public road vehicles) operating on behalf of a CRH company must have a formal
safety awareness training program which as a minimum covers the issues in a) above. Each CRH company must have a
system to periodically check the implementation of such a program among their contract transport companies.

2. Each transport company operating on our behalf must have an internal database (a basic record system will suffice
for smaller contractors) which records the licence details for each of their drivers and the insurance details for each of
their vehicles (which could operate on behalf of CRH).

Each CRH company must have a system to periodically check the implementation of such a database among their
contract transport companies and

3. All drivers operating for a contract transport company must carry out documented daily pre-use vehicle check.

As a minimum this prestart check must include:

• A visual inspection of each vehicle tyre.

• The condition and position of vehicle mirrors (including the pedestrian safety mirror).
• That all vehicle lights are operational.
• That the reversing warning system is operational.

The requirement is for the CRH company to check that a documented prestart check has been carried out, the CRH
company does not have to carry out that check.

4. Where partial or mixed loads are a feature of the work carried out for CRH, the contract transport company must have
training programs that cover details considerations for securing / strapping loads.

5. From March 1st 2018, all Heavy Goods Vehicles working for CRH will be required to have the following safety devices
fitted:

• An audible alarm which warns the driver that the handbrake is not applied when the cab door is opened.
• To have side under run protecon guards with combined pedestrian/cyclist warning sign (see photo on Page 66).
• All rigid heavy goods vehicles (aggregate pper trucks and RMC mixers ), either contract or owned must be fied
with a CCTV or radar system to assist with reversing.
• All owned arculated vehicles must be fied with a CCTV or radar system to assist with reversing.

6. From June 1st 2017, all new contracts signed with Contract Transport Companies must include a safety secon as
outlined on page 67.

7. The Site Truck Driver Inducon must include an assessment. An online safety inducon prior to the driver coming to
the site is permied.

63
 LSR 8 • The Management of Contract Transport (Heavy Goods Vehicles on the Public Road) 8

Pedestrian Safety Mirror Danger from overhead power lines Pre start check book for truck
a CRH requirement. must be covered in the Haulier Induction. operator.

Safe loading and unloading rules

must be covered in the Haulier Induction.

64
8 LSR 8 • The Management of Contract Transport (Heavy Goods Vehicles on the Public Road)

65
LSR 8 • The Management of Contract Transport (Heavy Goods Vehicles on the Public Road) 8

Side protection warnings

66
 8 LSR 8 • The Management of Contract Transport (Heavy Goods Vehicles on the Public Road)

Safety Element/Addition to Contracts

A transport contractor for CRH shall on signing the contract agree to the following requirements:

1.1. Must pass an initial safety prequalification process in accordance with the relevant operating company procedures.

1.2. Must comply with CRH driver and vehicle safety requirements and the key aspects covered in the “ CRH Transport
Safety Checks “ which cover verification of the following:

1. That the driver of the contract vehicle has conducted a daily prestart check of the vehicle before the commencement
of his shi.
2. That the driver has the required personal protecve equipment in the vehicle.
3. That the reverse warning system (a reverse alarm and a CCTV * (or similar detecon system)) is in working order.
4. That a pedestrian mirror is fied to the front windscreen of the vehicle.
5. That a handbrake warning alarm is in place where if the driver door is opened an alarm will sound if the handbrake is
not engaged.*
6. To have side under run protecon guards with combined pedestrian/cyclist warning signs.*
7. Load security (where applicable).

* required by March 2018

1.3. All vehicles purchased by the Transport Contractor after the date of this contract are expected to comply with the
safety specifications outlined in relevant heavy goods vehicle section the CRH Red Book (guidance on procurement).

1.4. If the Transport contractor fails to pass any element of the CRH Transport Safety Check – they shall be liable to a
sanction. The system of sanction will be decided by the opco.

Example
• Failure of a CRH Transport Safety Check: €100 ( and dismissal from site if non-compliance is deemed by local
management to be serious).

1.5. Additional sanctions, as defined by the opco may also be put in place.

1.6. The Transport Contractor will be required to be attend and participate in ongoing Driver health initiatives.

67
 LSR 9 • Construction Project Safety 9

There are a wide range of project activities across the CRH group which come under the category of
construction project. Such projects can range from the large undertakings such as the construction of
cement plants (which can cost in the region of €250m), lime works, captive power plants and waste
heat recovery plants to the installation/dismantling of a concrete plant.

Due to the scale of the activity on a construction project including the quantity and diverse nature of
contractors/contractor work present, such projects carry a very significant risk of serious injury.

Such projects require considerable levels of planning and risk management in addition to significant
levels of co-ordination of both processes and contractors.

To counter this risk, all construction projects within this division must comply with:

1. The CRH Construction Project Protocol

This document covers the key aspects of:

• Project Management structures: Safety.
• Project Planning: Design (Safety).
• Contractor Management.
• Project safety plan development and implementation.

2. The CRH Construction Project Safety Manual

• This document covers the technical safety requirements that all designers and construction contractors must comply with:

Construction Project Definition

Projects for the purposes of this protocol are defined as:

• A greenfield development of a:
◦ Greenfield development of an aggregate location
◦ Cement manufacturing process
◦ Cement grinding process
◦ Installation/ preassembly of a Concrete Plant
◦ Addition/extension to a concrete products facility
◦ Concrete Products plant e.g precast plant
◦ Lime
◦ A lightside fabrication/assembly facility
◦ Asphalt plant
◦ Any other development deemed by the management team as a significant project

• Brownfield (refurbishment) development (or dismantling) of:

◦ New cement manufacturing line
◦ Captive Power Plant
◦ Waste heat recovery plant

As with previous projects, CRH personnel can be integrated into the project management structure as deemed appropriate by
CRH.

It is the responsibility of the manager responsible for the project to ensure that the protocol and safety manual requirements
are assessed at the project planning stage.

68
 9 LSR 9 • Construction Project Safety

Requirements for Rule No.9

All construction projects (major and non major) within this division must comply with:
• The CRH Construction Project Protocol.
• The CRH Construction Project Safety Manual.

Safety Netting in place.

Fatal Accident 2011:

Contractor fell while crossing a wall during the
construction of an extension.

Transport systems at a construction site.

Raw Meal Silo Project. Trench Boxes in use.

69
 LSR 10 • Road Surfacing / Repair Operations 10

Introduction
Road surfacing / maintenance / repair is a significant activity within a number of our businesses. In addition to the hazards within
the work site of moving vehicles, machinery and the handling of hot material, the additional very significant hazard of working
close to live/moving public road traffic requires specific risk control measures.

70
10 LSR 10 • Road Surfacing / Repair Operations

Requirements for Rule No.10

Each work project/job must have a specific risk assessment, which as a minimum must cover the following:

1. Control Reversing Vehicles

• HGV delivery or collection vehicles must be instructed not to reverse unless they are under the direct control of a
banksman/approved traffic controller.
• The banksman/approved traffic controller must be identified by wearing the designated orange jacket or vest with
the word ‘Banksman/Approved Traffic Controller”on the back.
• All vehicles delivering aggregates, asphalt or concrete must be fitted with:
i. A working CCTV rear view camera
ii. Audible reverse warning alarm
iii. White reversing lights
iv. Amber rotating beacon(s)

2. Mobile Plant Safety Zones

• All mobile plant/vehicle drivers must maintain a safety zone (in the path of travel) between the item of mobile
plant/vehicle that they are driving and any pedestrian.
• The safety zones are:
◦ 5 metres in the direct line of travel of any vehicle or item of plant.
◦ 20 metres for mechanical road sweepers in the direct line of travel.You are allowed access to the paver augers
only for the purpose of hand shovelling, testing or back casting of material.

3. Overhead Services
• Work adjacent to overhead service must only be carried out following the completion of a specific risk assessment
and the development of a job specific safe system of work.

4. Buried Services (Underground Cables)

• Excavation work must only be carried out following the completion of a survey for buried services and the
development of a job specific safe system of work.
• Procedures must be in place to ensure protection of workers against the risk of engulfment while working in the
excavation and the risk of falling while working around the excavation.

5. Traffic Management
• Each project/job must have a specifically designed traffic management system based on a risk assessment.
In addition to the issues around live traffic control, each traffic management system must include pedestrian
management controls.

71
LSR 10 • Road Surfacing / Repair Operations 10

Road-surfacing at night close to live traffic.

Checking for the presence of underground services prior to

the erection of fencing.

72
11 LSR 11 • Lifting Operations

Introduction
There have been a number of serious accidents within the division which have occurred during lifting
operations. Such operations have often involved the use of mobile cranes and the use of gantry
cranes within operations.

A summary of these accidents is as follows:

Year Fatality Details

1997 Contractor crushed when load fell from crane
1997 Contractor struck when a frame being lifted fell on him
2005 Contractor fell from a walkway while supervising a lifting operation being carried out by a crane when the
walkway he was standing was undermined and collapsed
2008 Employee, a crane operator was killed when a precast wall panel she was moving fell and she was crushed
2009 Contractor struck by a glass element which was being lifted when the special vacuum lifting system
malfunctioned
2009 Contractor struck by a beam which had fallen after being struck accidently being a crane
2010 Employee lifting a concrete panel from a mould onto a transport car using a bridge crane when the lifting
attachment on the mould failed and fell
2017 Employee killed after standing moulds fell when the concrete bucket he was moving with a Gantry Crane
struck the moulds

Requirements for Rule 11

1. Each company must have a system in place to ensure that in the prequalification of contractors who will be involved in
lifting operations includes the verification of lifting equipment certification (See also LSR No.1).

2. Each company must have a system in place to ensure all operators of lifting equipment - static or mobile - must be
trained in the operation of the equipment. A training program must also be in place for those responsible for securing
loads for lifting.

• Training for operators of gantry cranes must include an assessment of work on the work (CRH) site, this is to ensure
that the assessment covers the liing work that the trainee will actually be carrying out rather than off site training
only with other liing scenarios.
• Supervisors whose area of responsibility covers areas where liing is carried out must also receive training in the
Liing operaon safety. Specifically from September 2018, all supervisors in precast and paving operaons, whose
area of responsibility covers work areas where gantry cranes are used, must also receive cerficaon as a gantry
crane operator.
• Refresher training must be carried out every 3 years.

3. Each company must have a system in place to ensure that the risk assessment for lifting operations covers checks on
personnel competency, equipment certification and loading rates in accordance with a defined location specific policy.

4. All slings and chains in use must have a rated capacity tag (with id number) and evidence of last inspection on the
sling or chain.

5. All gantry crane controls must be labelled. A system of inspections to ensure the controls are labelled must also be
in place.

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 LSR 11 • Lifting Operations 11

Requirements for Rule 11 (cont.)

6. All gantry crane controls must be risk assessed for the possibility of inadvertent contact by the operator with the
controls. As a minimum this will involve a barrier around the control to prevent inadvertent contact with the crane
joystick - see photograph on page 76.

7. All lifting hooks must be fitted with safety latches.

8. Each company must have a system in place to ensure the regular inspection of:

• Hoisting ropes • Straps

• Load hooks • Chains
• Limit switches • Lifting Accessories
• Brakes • Alarms
◦ Hoisting • All other safety features
◦ Bridge
◦ Trolley

9. In operaons where cranes are operang, exclusion zones (for personnel not involved in liing operaons) must be
clearly idenfied and established.

10. Inserts embedded in the concrete product shall be designed for an ultimate load that is 4 times the working load
(Factor Safety of 4) or as per national standards/requirements.

11. Material being moved into storage should be stored in a securing mechanism similar to the photographs at the bottom
of page 77.

12. Site Erection:

• Every company involved in site erection activities must have a construction site guidance manual, covering erection
issues. A sample is provided.
• Every construction site must have a specific plan for curing/stiffening during construction time, including clear rules
for curing times and the withdrawal of structural supports.
• There must be a start-up meeting with all involved staff, to ensure correct handling, stiffening, dismantling, use of
fall protection, use of scaffolds, PPE safe areas for crane use, site transport roads and other relevant items.
• There must be clear guidelines for any adjustments to the proposed construction methods or processes.

13. At sites where lifting equipment is used, a colour coding system should be put in place, which allows a person to see if
that item of lifting equipment has been inspected as per the requirements for that piece of equipment. See examples
on page 75.

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11 LSR 11 • Lifting Operations

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 LSR 11 • Lifting Operations 11

Group Fatal Accident - Case Study 2005:

Contractor fell from walkway as it was being lifted.

Group Fatal Accident - Case Study 2006:

During a lifting operation, a supervisor was trapped
between the load being lifted and a steel beam.

Dead Mans Joystick. You must push down to activate the joystick.

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11 LSR 11 • Lifting Operations

October 19th 2017:

A crane operator using a remote control system was fatally injured when a concrete
bucket (top of photo) he was moving struck wall panel moulds. The moulds fell on him
causing fatal injuries.

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 LSR 11 • Lifting Operations 11

Typical lifting scenarios.

78
12 LSR 12 • Work at Height / Work near Water / Falling Objects

Introduction
Falls from height and falling objects have accounted for a number of fatal accidents across the group in recent years. Fatalities
within the group relating to work at height and falling objects can be summarised as follows:

Year Fatality Details

1997 Employee crushed when load fell from crane
2000 Contractor fell through opening in roof
2000 Contract driller fell from quarry face
2002 Contractor fell through opening in roof
2002 Employee fell through chute opening
2002 Contractor fell through roof sheeting while repairing smoke vents
2003 Contractor fell from silo while painting it
2004 Employee fell from first floor in storage area
2005 Contractor fell 10 metres while involved dismantling a walkway
2006 Employee fell 5 metres through an unprotected opening in the floor
2007 Manager fell through a steel section of walkway which gave way when he stood on it
2008 Employee fell from a walkway while trying to re-align a conveyor belt
2008 Contractor was descending from a work platform when he unclipped his safety harness, he fell while
descending an access ladder
2009 Contractor entered a restricted area and fell through a section of walkway flooring which had been
removed
2013 Contractor fell from height during mill repair
2014 Employee drowned while he fell from boat during maintenance work
2017 Contractor killed when load fell from truck onto him
2017 Employee fell 3 metres from a pallet loading area in distribution location

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 LSR 12 • Work at Height / Work near Water / Falling Objects 12

This rule focuses on five risk control strategies for this particular hazard:

a) The full me presence of a leased/hired/purchased MEWP (Mobile elevang work plaorm) or “Cherry Picker“ on site,
where the scale of operaon warrants the presence of such a vehicle (Company Safety personnel can determine the need
based on a risk assessment).

b) The installaon of man grids on all hopper/bin openings, where there is a risk that a person may fall into that structure.

c) As a last line of defence, safety nets should be used during the construcon/demolion / modificaon of plant or
buildings (in addion to having a MEWP available). The installaon of the nets should only be carried out by a competent
contractor.

d) The risk to those working on the quarry top (Drilling and Blasng operaons) from falling over the edge is eliminated
through the use of a barrier system or bund (see photo on page 86). It is important that a safety harness / lanyard is also
provided to deal with a situaon where a person may have to go in front of the barrier.

e) The use of ladders at any operaons:

• Should be kept to a minimum.
• Should be restricted i.e not accessible. This will involve controlling access to ladders.
• Their use should be subject to a visual inspecon before use.

Risk assessments relating to work at height must now address the 5 key risk control measures outlined above.

Requirements for Rule No.12

1. The risk assessments for each location within each company should include an assessment for the presence on a full
time basis of a MEWP (purchased or leased).

2. An inspection system for all safety harnesses and associated accessories must be in place at each operation. Where
a person working at height needs to move such that he needs to attach and re-attach from an anchor point, then a
double leg lanyard shall be used - see photos on page 82.

3. Man grids should be fitted to all hopper and bin openings where there is a risk of a person falling into such an opening.
Maintaining “full bins“ is not adequate.

4. A policy relating to the use of ladders should be in place covering the issues outlined on the previous page.

5. Where deemed appropriate, safety nets should be used as a means of reducing the risk of injuries involving falls from
height during construction /modification/maintenance work.

6. Systems for work on the quarry top, such as barrier systems or bunds (see photographs on next page), must operate
to a site specific safe system of work. A safe system of work for the installation / removal of any barrier / protective
system. See photo on page 86.

7. All locations must carry out a Risk Assessment related to working at heights and document location-specific risks and
control measures. This risk assessment must cover the issue of emergencies and the need to rescue a person working
at height, e.g a person who has fallen while attached to a lanyard or who has fallen into a safety net. (Please note in
many cases, the use of the local emergency services, once assessed as being likely to react in a timely fashion, may be
a sufficient control).

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12 LSR 12 • Work at Height / Work near Water / Falling Objects

Requirements for Rule 12 (cont.)

8. Where material is being lifted overhead or where machinery is moving overhead and/or where there is a risk of:
• Material falling downwards from a manufacturing process onto an area where people may be present.
• Storage material falling sideways onto a person’s head.
• Products being loaded falling from the loading vehicle such as a forklift.

Then the use of safety helmets must be a requirement at that operation.

9. Specific training must be given to all relevant employees relating to working at heights.

10. In some of our operations where the risk of a fall from height may be high, one possible element of the risk control
strategy is the use of straps on helmets (see photograph on page 86). In situations where a person falls a short
distance backwards or forwards, the level of injury from striking against a structure may be reduced if the helmet stays
in position on the person. The need for straps to be used with helmets, for work at height or while working in certain
areas, should be assessed annually.

11. Storage and Racks:

• Racks must be installed and maintained according to ISO 15635. When racks are adjusted or modifications are
made, there must be a new inspection by a competent person.
• Procedures for securing and preventing storage material from falling must be in place at each location.
• A system must be in place to ensure all damage must be reported immediately to the location manager /
nominated person.
• All racks must be annually inspected by a competent and certified person person (internal or external).
• When racks are adjusted or modified, then there must be a new inspecon by a competent person (internal or
external).
• Procedures for securing and prevenng storage material from falling must be in place at each locaon. These
procedures must include a requirement that material stored at a height of over 2 metres, over the storage area
floor level must be secured (plasc wrapped or strapped). The following are minimum requirements:
◦ Corner protecon (Does not include canlever racks).
- Corner protecon is mandatory on corners where motorized site transport / mobile plant are in use.
◦ Securing pins
- All beams must be secured with the official securing pin from supplier.
◦ Floor Fixing
- Floor Fixing is mandatory for every new-build or replaced racking and is advised for current racks.
• A system of procedures and signs must be in place to ensure all damage to racking must be reported immediately
to the locaon manager / responsible person.
• Key technical requirements are outlined on pages 90 and 91.
• All staff involved in the placing of pallets on racking must receive formal instrucon on the key elements of EN 15620 in
relaon to clearance distances between pallets.
• Storage racks should be labelled with maximum storage capacity.

12. From 2017, a barrier system, in the adjustable form (see photograph on page 87) must be in place to protect persons
having to access the top of cement tanker vehicles for loading purposes.

13. All areas on elevated floors, used for loading and unloading of products should have a revolving cage system or similar
in place to prevent the risk of falling. See photo on page 85.

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 LSR 12 • Work at Height / Work near Water / Falling Objects 12

Requirements for Rule 12 (cont.)

14. Working near water.

Work near water is defined as work where pedestrians may have to work within 2 metres of water or vehicles may
have to work within 4 metres of water where the water depth is in excess of 1 metre.

In the case of work near water – each operaon where this may apply must have system to cover risk assessment,
work pracces, PPE and training. A guidance document on work near water is available to offer specific guidance on
each of these key points.

15. Grids and flooring on walkways must be fixed by clamps and inspected at least annually by a competent internal
person. See accident details on page 83.

16. As a non primary control measure to prevent foot injury from falling objects, locations must introduce a type of safety
boot which provides metatarsal protection. This is a form of safety shoe which provides full protection to the front
of the foot, not just the area of the foot covered by the traditional toe cap protection safety shoe. This type of safety
footwear must be in place from January 1st 2018 (see page 87). An exception to this rule only applies where a risk
assessment prepared by an internal safety professional allows the non use of this type of safety shoe. The metatarsal
shoe/boot to be used must be the integrated type where the metatarsal protection is part of the boot/shoe. The type
of metatarsal shoe/boot with an attached flap which is over the shoe/boot is not acceptable as it may present a hazard
where people are accessing stairs or using access ladders.

17. At sites where drivers are required to gain access to the body of the truck body, systems must be in place to reduce
the need for such access (onto the truck of the body) or to assist in tasks which require such access. Suitable access
platforms are highlighted on pages 92 and 93.

18. There have been a number of incidents in previous years of young persons gaining access, without authorisation, to
sites where there are water areas (see page 94). The purpose of such unauthorised access, which usually occurs during
summer/school holiday periods, is to use this water areas for swimming purposes. Each site is required to conduct
a risk assessment which assesses the risk of trespass onto the site, a guidance note “Tackling Teenage Trespass“ is
available to assist in the preparation of such assessments. See page 5.

Additional securing hooks for harness

Harness Lanyard use - installed where required.

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12 LSR 12 • Work at Height / Work near Water / Falling Objects

Group Fatal Accident - Case Study 2008:

Contractor fell from upper level while descending. Risk assessment
Fatal Accident 2011: identified the need for a MEWP (Mobile Elevating Work Platform),
Construction Project: contractor fell while crossing a but none was used.
wall during the construction of an extension.

Fatal accident (non CRH site):

Worker fell 14 metres when a section of walkway grid gave way. The grid securing bolts had
become loose, over a period of time, due to the nearby vibrating screen.

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LSR 12 • Work at Height / Work near Water / Falling Objects 12

Safe access system for securing and detaching lifting slings

84
12 LSR 12 • Work at Height / Work near Water / Falling Objects

Safe access for attaching lifting hooks. MEWP’s in operation in brick manufacturing and cement production.

March 25th 2017:

Employee loaded a pallet into the unloading area on the 1st floor. When trying to
secure some of the material on the pallet, he suffered a medical event and fell over the
unguarded edge.

A revolving cage system which offers protection against falls.

85
 LSR 12 • Work at Height / Work near Water / Falling Objects 12

Barrier system at quarry face.

Use of material bunds at the quarry face.

Man grids in place. Safety Nets in use.

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 12 LSR 12 • Work at Height / Work near Water / Falling Objects

System at Finnsementti to protect the tanker driver during loading.

This system has to be adjusted in terms of length and height to cover
all vehicle sizes.

A Meta Tarsal Boot.

August 2017 accident: contractor suffered serious foot injury after blocks
landed on area behind the steel toe cap shoe and struck the area that
would have been covered by a metatarsal shoe or boot.

A Meta Tarsal Shoe and boot.

87
LSR 12 • Work at Height / Work near Water / Falling Objects 12

3 supporng beams for storage pallets.

88
12 LSR 12 • Work at Height / Work near Water / Falling Objects

Securing Pins - missing. Corner Protecon - mandatory.

Securing Pins - wrong kind.

Floor Fixings - broken or missing.

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 LSR 12 • Work at Height / Work near Water / Falling Objects 12

Racking Safety
Maximum Deflecon on Racks

Limits uprights - diagonals EN 15635 Green level = Requiring surveillance only

Limits EN 15635 upright - diag. Amber level = Requiring acon as soon as possible

90
12 LSR 12 • Work at Height / Work near Water / Falling Objects

Racking Safety

Limits uprights - diagonals EN 15635 Red Warning = Immediate acon required

Deflecon limit EN15635 - Crossbeams


   

 




Maximum Deflecon = Length/200

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LSR 12 • Work at Height / Work near Water / Falling Objects 12

June 2017.
A truck driver received fatal injuries when he attempted
to gain access to the flat body of the truck (to secure
the load).

It appears that from the ground, he placed his left foot

on one of the tyres and took hold of a handle which
was designed into one of the precast products. As he
tried to pull himself up , the pulling force caused the
precast element to be pulled down on top of the driver,
who despite wearing a helmet suffered face and head
injuries as he fell backwards.

92
12 LSR 12 • Work at Height / Work near Water / Falling Objects

93
 LSR 12 • Work at Height / Work near Water / Falling Objects 12

Requirement 18 on page 82 refers to the issue of preventing trespass into sites

in order to use our water areas for recreational purposes.

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12 LSR 12 • Work at Height / Work near Water / Falling Objects

Fatal accident (not a CRH site): A 27-year old deck hand with
4 years and 8 months of experience drowned at a dredge
operation. He was working on a dredge that had a barge
attached to it. The victim stepped on to the barge , slipped on
ice and fell into the water.

95
 LSR 13 • Work in Confined Space 13

Introduction
In terms of the risk management of work in confined spaces, it was agreed that 2 key risk
management approaches would be taken:

1. The definion of confined space, will be taken in the context of eliminaon of hazards, that is:
• Hazard of engulfment - work in silos, work in excavations.
• Hazard of fire/explosion - contact with underground services or overhead power lines.
• Hazard of oxygen depletion.
• Hazard of exposure to toxic gases.
• Hazards of falling objects.

Some confined spaces are fairly easy to idenfy, eg enclosures with limited openings such as:
• Storage tanks
• Silos
• Reacon vessels
• enclosed drains
• Sewers

Others may be less obvious, but can be equally dangerous, for example:
• Open-topped chambers
• Combuson chambers in furnaces etc.
• Ductwork;
• Unvenlated or poorly venlated rooms

2. All risk assessments must be reviewed to ensure the following issues have been included:
• The need to eliminate work in confined spaces, through design and procedure.
• Risk assessment and safe systems of work for such tasks to cover:
◦ Risk of engulfment.
◦ Risk of fire / explosion.
◦ Risk of oxygen depletion.
◦ Risk of exposure to toxic gases.
◦ Risk of falling objects.
• Formal planning and resourcing of such work.
• NO lone working.

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13 LSR 13 • Work in Confined Space

Requirements for Rule No.13

1. All locations must have a documented confined space entry policy and supporting rules for each confined space
identified on site. All confined space entry points shall be identified and properly labelled as such.

2. Employees must seek prior authorisation to enter a confined space and documented authorisation procedures must
form part of each location’s confined space entry policy.

3. All confined space permits/authorisations must include a rescue plan (see incident on page 99). The rescue procedure
outlined should be tested with emergency drills at least twice per year.

4. Shoring or appropriately designed sloping must be provided for all excavations over 1.5m (5 feet) in depth (where
national legislation requires shoring at depths less than 1.5 metres, then that national requirement must be met).

5. All employees, who may be involved in confined space work, must be trained in the confined space entry rules
including rescue / emergency procedures. Annual emergency drills should be carried out where specified in the site
risk assessment.

6. All confined spaces identified by the site level risk assessment must be identified by means of signs (see photos on
pages 96 and 97). If as part of the confined space risk assessment, areas which are identified as confined spaces, but
are not intended to be entered should be sealed off or have entry (into that space) restricted.

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 LSR 13 • Work in Confined Space 13

October 31st 2017:

Contractor involving in cleaning entered a duct, when the air slide between the duct and
the hopper overhead was opened in error - he was engulfed and fatally injured.

Fatal Accident 2007:

The deceased was attempting to clear a raw meal silo blockage, by using a makeshift
“bridge” to enter the silo. While working from the bridge, material from overhead came
loose, struck the bridge causing the victim to fall. He suffocated within the material.

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13 LSR 13 • Work in Confined Space

Fatal Accident 2009:

Trench (2.1m) collapsed no shoring/support.

Incident 2011:
A specialist contractor was engaged to carry out a general inspection of a rail wagon
used for storing waste solvent. During this process the worker showed signs of being
overcome by fumes - the person observing the work from outside entered the tank to
assist and also experienced difficulties - a second observer activated the rescue plan
and both men were safely removed and treated.

99
 LSR 14 • Lone / Remote Working 14

Introduction

Notes:
• Lone working refers to a situation where a person is the only person on site
at an operation i.e there is no one else on site.

• Remote working relates to a situation where a person is not the only

person on site but he is working remote from others e.g drilling personnel.

Lone working is not permitted at company operational sites unless a risk

assessment has been carried out by the company safety personnel or other
qualified person.

A risk assessment must be carried out for all those working remotely and that risk
assessment must assess:

1. The health of the person involved - has the person any medical
condition which warrants additional monitoring measures when they
are working remotely.
Man Down Unit.
2. Communication - that this person has a means of communication
e.g a mobile phone available to him so he can contact other persons
on site.

3. Has the person working alone or remotely received detailed work

instructions which tell him/her what they can and cannot do.

Example: A worker is required to open an operational site at 6 am and to start

certain machinery. A procedure must be put in place to make sure that points
1 to 3 above are covered and in this case the worker must be issued with and
trained on a procedure which clearly states what he can and cannot do. For
example in this case, the procedure could state that if a fault develops in the
machinery (which he has started) then he cannot attempt to rectify that fault
unless there is a second person in attendance.

On site Receptor (top box).

Requirements for Rule 14

1. All lone and remote working must be identified and a formal risk assessment completed for such work.

2. The need for additional training for those working in lone or remote work must be considered in the risk assessment
for that work.

3. All 2 way analogue radios should be considered for replacement with digital radio systems (with integrated man-down
features).

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14 LSR 14 • Lone / Remote Working

Man Down System.

On site monitoring of lone/remote worker.

101
 LSR 15 • Explosive Safety 15

Introduction
There have been a number of flyrock incidents in group companies, any of which could have resulted
in fatal injuries to employees, contractors and indeed members of the public.

In order to eliminate such dangerous occurances, the following systems are required for each drilling
and blasting operation.

Drilling
• Each driller must have completed a training course, which focuses on basic shotfiring
procedures i.e burden and spacing considerations, causes of flyrock, dangers of clay in quarry
faces, dangers of falling from the face, dangers from angled holes.
• Each drill rig and associated compressor must undergo a full detailed inspection at least once
per year.
• Each compressor system must be fitted with a device to restrain the compressed air line in the
event of it coming loose from the compressor.

Blasting
• All those involved in blasting operations must receive specialised training in the use of
explosives.
• Key parameters such as burden, spacing, amount of explosive, hole depth and angle must be
recorded for each blast.
• A risk assessment must be completed for each blast and a “ Danger Zone “ must be
determined and recorded in writing for each blast.

A guidance document entitled “ A practical guide to shotfiring operations” has been designed to
assist operations in implementing these requirements.

Requirements for Rule No.15

1. Companies should now arrange to have in place system

for the formal training of all those involved in drilling and
blasting. Systems to record key data for both drilling and
blasting should now be introduced.

2. Each operation, where blasting takes place, must have

a documented site specific “safe blast policy” and
implementing rules.

3. Operating records of all blasts must be maintained.

See also Rule No.12

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15 LSR 15 • Explosive Safety

Group Incident - Case Study 2001:

Fly-rock from the blast travelled some 300 metres causing extensive damage to quarry
equipment and a nearby factory (fortunately no injuries).

Incident - Case Study 2007:

Fly-rock from the blast travelled some 100 metres onto a nearby public road and struck
a school bus and another vehicle injuring 4 people (3 of whom were schoolchildren).

103
 LSR 16 • Process Safety / Occupational Health / Housekeeping 16

Introduction
This is a broad based rule covering the required safety management principles around process safety. Rule 16 deals with the
following:

1. Prevention of contact with hot material, gases and surfaces.

2. Prevention of Fire & Explosions.
a. Including the prevention of overpressurisation in vessels.
3. Process: Change management.
4. Storage, handling and process use of hazardous substances.

1. Prevention of contact with hot material

A risk assessment of the overall process must identify and record
each potential discharge point and the define the:

• Operational controls
• Fail safes
• Work practices

to be applied to prevent discharges and protect personnel from

exposure to hot material, gases and surfaces.

As a minimum the risk assessment must consider, where relevant,

thefollowing facilities and processes including all subcomponents
within that process:

Cement Manufacturing:

• Raw mill systems

• Pre-heaters and pre-calciners
• AFR feeding systems (kiln feeding)
• Rotary kiln – kiln lines
• Clinker cooler and clinker handling systems
• Cement mills.
• All activities involving the removal of:
◦ cyclone blockages
◦ coatings
◦ dust settlings
◦ cooler blockages
• Removal and handling of samples of hot meal and
bypass dust
• Planned kiln start up and shut down
• Any maintenance or inspection activity which involves
removing equipment that may expose people to hot
material or gases, such as kiln inlet probes, cooler cameras,
air blasters etc.

104
16 LSR 16 • Process Safety / Occupational Health / Housekeeping

Heat Resistant Suits.

105
LSR 16 • Process Safety / Occupational Health / Housekeeping 16

106
16 LSR 16 • Process Safety / Occupational Health / Housekeeping

The VDZ Guidance Document (see page 104) must be used as a reference document when conducting and reviewing risk
assessments relating to work in preheater towers and other areas where contact with hot material or dust is a risk. This guidance
document covers the issue:

• Blockage detection / clearing blockages.

• PPE selection.
• Emergency procedures / design of escape routes etc.
• Sampling.

Ancillary Services:

• Gas bypass and dust handling systems.

• Hot gas generating, extraction and
exhaust systems.
• Boiler and/or heat exchangers of heat
recovery systems.
• Coal mills and other fuel preparations systems.

Bitumen: Handling & Use

• Transfer pipes and valves.

• Discharge pipes and valves.

Lime Manufacture:

• Heating
• Cooling
• Hydration
To be issued in 2018

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 LSR 16 • Process Safety / Occupational Health / Housekeeping 16

2. Prevention of Fires & Explosions

• Each operation will be required to develop a dedicated risk assessment which identifies potential areas of fire and
explosive risk within their operations.
• The risk assessment will have to cover:
◦ Identification of situations where the development of an explosive atmosphere is possible and the risk control
measures required.
◦ Control measures in place to prevent fire arising out of maintenance activities:
- Oxy-Fuel and Electric arc welding.
◦ An assessment of current fire detection and fire suppression systems.
◦ An assessment of current extraction and ventilation system to prevent the build-up of an explosive atmosphere.
◦ Assessment of current measures in terms of fighting a fire including personal protective clothing and equipment.

Silo pressurisation: There have been a number of incidents where overpressurisation in silos has resulted in parts such as
filters been blown some distance from the plant . Blocked filters and damaged or under–rated relief valves have been some of
the causes of such accidents. The MPA ( Mineral Producers Association ) guidance note in relation to the prevention of over-
pressurisation. “Guidance to prevent overpressurisation of storage silos during the delivery of (non explosive) powder in the
cement, concrete and quarrying industries“ provides specific information to assist in the development of these risk assessments.
As a minimum each silo, which is capable of being pressurised, must be fitted with:

• High Level Alarm.

• Pressure Relief Valve.
• A means to ensure the level of available capacity within the silo can be determined.
• Pinch valve on filling pipe to prevent back flow of material.
• The use of chains to secure the filter (as a final backup in the event of failure of primary measures) should also be
considered.

3. Process: Change Management

A system must be in place at each operation to ensure that changes or modifications to the manufacturing process and ancillary
services which contain, process or transfer materials at high temperature must be subjected to a risk assessment and risk
controls defined and communicated prior to the change or modification being performed.

Silo Filter. Pressure Relief Valve.

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16 LSR 16 • Process Safety / Occupational Health / Housekeeping

Tanker making delivery

Incident - Near Miss 2012:

Filter blown onto nearby area

Last line of defence: Whipcheck Safety Cable.

Filter chained to silo structure.

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 LSR 16 • Process Safety / Occupational Health / Housekeeping 16

4. Storage, handling and process use of hazardous sustances

The requirements here focus on hazardous substances in use at our operations,
ranging from various types of alternative fuels, some admixtures, bitumen and
process gases.

For each type of hazardous material, a dedicated risk assessment must

be developed covering the following:

• Storage safety requirements:

◦ Location.
◦ Storage area infrastructure/design.
◦ Condition of tanks, drums etc / Required inspection regimes.
◦ Stock control.
◦ Site security.
◦ Ventilation and extraction requirements.
◦ Earthing.

• Handling
◦ Material handling requirement.s
◦ Occupational Health risks.
◦ PPE requirements.
◦ Training and competency.

• Use
◦ Risk of Fire:
- Risk of incorrect fire fighting medium being used.
◦ Risk of explosion.
◦ Required process parameters and risk when those paramaters change.

A CRH safety guidance note relating to the safe handling, storage and use of
alternatives fuels is available.

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Spot where build-up

fell from
Fallen build-up material.
Dimensions of debris:
750mm long x 250mm thick
x 250mm wide

Green paint from the group of

Tonijon Workers

Blod traces

September 2016:
2 contract workers were taking shelter during a storm when a portion of the roof’s center gutter, about 6 meters above their
location, partially collapsed and released hardened cement material deposits to fall. A large piece of debris, approximately
750mm long x 250mm thick x 250mm wide struck the deceased on the back of the head under his helmet, knocking him down
unconscious. He later died of his injuries.

Requirements for Rule No.16

1. A risk assessment of the overall process must identify and record each potential discharge point and the define the
• Operational controls
• Fail safe mechanisms
• Work practices
to be applied to prevent discharges and protect personnel from exposure to hot material, gases and surfaces.

2. The VDZ guidance document (see page 110) must be used as a reference document when conducting and reviewing
risk assessments relating to work in preheater towers and other areas where contact with hot material or dust is a risk.
This guidance document covers the issue.

3. Each operation will be required to develop a dedicated risk assessment which identifies potential areas of fire and
explosive risk within their operations.

4. A system must be in place at each operation to ensure that changes or modifications to the manufacturing process
and ancillary services which contain, process or transfer materials at high temperature must be subjected to a risk
assessment and risk controls defined and communicated prior to the change or modification being performed.

5. For each type of hazardous material, a dedicated risk assessment must be developed covering the issues of storage,
handling and use.

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Requirements for Rule 12 (cont.)

6. The MPA (Mineral Producers Association) guidance note in relation to the prevention of over-pressurisation.
“Guidance to prevent over-pressurisation of storage silos during the delivery of powder in the Cement, Concrete
and Quarrying Industries” must be used in the development of relevant risk assessments.

7. All operations where prestressing of cables is an element of manufacture must:

• Fulfil the requirements of the MPA (UK Minerals Producers Associaon) guidance note “ The safe stressing of
prestressed concrete products “. In parcular, the use of pre-start check procedures (before pre-stressing occurs)
must be in place.
• Complete on an annual basis, the BPA (Brish Precast Associaon) “ Audit checklist for pre stressing operaons”.

8. Cement tanker discharge pipes have the potential to disconnect from the plant if the retaining clasp fails. With no
secondary catchment device to hold the pipe, it can whip due to the pressure in the pipe, with the potential to cause
serious injury to anyone in the vicinity. To protect any this risk, a whipcheck safety cable (see photo on page 109) must
be in place at the discharge point(s).

9. Occupaonal Health:

• From January 2018, all operaons must report on the following 2 Occupaonal Health KPI’S:
◦ Occupaonal illness frequency rate.
◦ % of employees working on sites where the recommendaons from the CSI Health Management Handbook,
relang to Noise and Dust, have been implemented.
• Where dust masks are issued to personnel, as a control measure to reduce exposure to dust, then each such
employee should have an individual face fing for that dust mask, to ensure a correctly fing and suitable dust
mask is made available.

10. Structural Safety: Each operang company must have in place an overall risk assessment which covers the issue of
structural safety at it’s operaons. This opco level risk assessment should cover:

• Reference to (and the presence of) an internal database which includes all structural safety issues raised previously
from internal inspecons and external inspecons e.g insurance company surveys.
◦ This internal database must detail remedial measures in place for each structural safety issue raised.
• An overall approach to an ongoing program and schedule of inspecons of structures within the opco.
◦ CRH Group Technical Services have produced a guidance note on Structural Safety.

11. Housekeeping: all sites must have procedures in place to demonstrate a systemac approach to housekeeping.
This overall program should cover:
• Standard required/expected in terms of housekeeping at the site.
• A fugive dust control assessment and correcve acon program.
• Clear area (of the operaon) line management responsibility for housekeeping.

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with Me

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