World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology

International Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering

Vol:6, No:11, 2012

Comparative Study of the Static and Dynamic

Analysis of Multi-Storey Irregular Building
Bahador Bagheri, Ehsan Salimi Firoozabad, and Mohammadreza Yahyaei

percentage decrease in bending moments and shear force of

Abstract—As the world move to the accomplishment of beams, bending moments of columns, top story deflection and
Performance Based Engineering philosophies in seismic design of support reaction are discussed [3]. Romy Mohan [2011] paper
Civil Engineering structures, new seismic design provisions require highlights the accuracy and exactness of Time History
Structural Engineers to perform both static and dynamic analysis for
analysis in comparison with the most commonly adopted
the design of structures. While Linear Equivalent Static Analysis is
performed for regular buildings up to 90m height in zone I and II, response spectrum analysis and equivalent static analysis
Dynamic Analysis should be performed for regular and irregular considering different shape of shear walls [4].
buildings in zone IV and V. Dynamic Analysis can take the form of a The main objective of this paper is to study the seismic
dynamic Time History Analysis or a linear Response Spectrum behavior of concrete reinforced building. Also, analysis of
Analysis. structure by using equivalent static method, time history
In present study, Multi-storey irregular buildings with 20 stories
Open Science Index, Civil and Environmental Engineering Vol:6, No:11, 2012 waset.org/Publication/2699

method and response spectrum method has been surveyed.

have been modeled using software packages ETABS and SAP 2000
The storey displacements and displacement of center of mass
v.15 for seismic zone V in India. This paper also deals with the effect
of the variation of the building height on the structural response of result have been obtained by using both static and dynamic
the shear wall building. Dynamic responses of building under actual analysis.
earthquakes, EL-CENTRO 1949 and CHI-CHI Taiwan 1999 have The pertaining structure of 20 stories residential building
been investigated. This paper highlights the accuracy and exactness has been modeled. The storey plan is changing in the different
of Time History analysis in comparison with the most commonly floors. The building has been analyzed by using the equivalent
adopted Response Spectrum Analysis and Equivalent Static Analysis.
static, response spectrum and time history analysis, based on
IS codes; the results obtained are compared eventually to
Keywords—Equivalent Static Analysis, Time history method,
Response spectrum method, Reinforce concrete building, determine the structural performance.
displacement.
II. METHOD OF ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURE
I. INTRODUCTION A. Equivalent Static Analysis

S TRUCTURAL design of buildings for seismic loads is

primarily concerned with structural safety during major
ground motions, but serviceability and the potential for
All design against seismic loads must consider the dynamic
nature of the load. However, for simple regular structures,
analysis by equivalent linear static methods is often sufficient.
economic loss are also of concern. Seismic loading requires an This is permitted in most codes of practice for regular, low- to
understanding of the structural performance under large medium-rise buildings. It begins with an estimation of base
inelastic deformations. shear load and its distribution on each story calculated by
In PayamTehrani [2006] study, he compared the nonlinear using formulas given in the code. Equivalent static analysis
static (pushover) and nonlinear dynamic procedures in the can therefore work well for low to medium-rise buildings
determination of maximum displacements of an existing steel without significant coupled lateral-torsional modes, in which
structure retrofitted with different methods [1]. In A.R.Touqan only the first mode in each direction is considered. Tall
[2008] a comparison of the Response spectrum analysis and buildings (over, say, 75 m), where second and higher modes
Equivalent Static Lateral Load with the more elaborate can be important, or buildings with torsional effects, are much
Response Spectrum Method of analysis as they apply to a less suitable for the method, and require more complex
repertoire of different structural models [2].In ProfDr. methods to be used in these circumstances.
QaiseruzZaman Khan’s [2010] paperResponse spectrum
analysis of 20 story building has been discussed in detail and B. Time History Method
comparison of static and dynamic analysis and design results It is an analysis of the dynamic response of the structure at
of buildings up to 400 feet height (40story) in terms of each increment of time, when its base is subjected to a specific
ground motion time history. Alternatively, recorded ground
motions database from past natural events can be a reliable
Bahador Bagheri is post graduate student of Jawaharlal Nehru source for time histories but they are not recorded in any given
Technological University Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India (phone: 0091- site to include all seismological characteristics suitable for that
8790100986; e-mail: [email protected]). site. Recorded ground motions are randomly selected from
Ehsan Salimi Firoozabad is post graduate student of JNTUH, AP, India, (e-
mail: [email protected]). analogous magnitude, distance and soil condition category
MohammadrezaYahyaei is post graduate student of Islamic Azad (bin); three main parameters in time history generation.
University of Zanjan, Iran (e-mail: [email protected]).

International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 6(11) 2012 1045 ISNI:0000000091950263
 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Vol:6, No:11, 2012

Adding more coonstraints to characteristics

A c s of each bin makes
m it
too be more definite
d and similar to site characteeristics.
H
However, it maay put seriouss availability limit
l for real records
inn the bin. Selected grounnd motions’ response sppectrum
arround fundam mental period of the structuure can be different
d
thhan target respponse spectrumm determined from seismicc hazard
annalysis. Thereefore, records are scaled byy single-factorr scales
too have their mean
m spectral accelerations
a complied with h target
sppectrum. Nevertheless, nott much close agreement between b
thhe response spectrum of the record and target will w be
acchieved with simply
s a single-factor scalinng of the recorrd.
C. Response Spectrum
S Metthod
The represenntation of thee maximum reesponse of iddealized
sinngle degree freedom sysstem having certain periood and Fig. 2 Elcentro and Taiwan Responsse Spectrum
daamping, durinng earthquakee ground motions. The maaximum
IV. DETAILSS OF THE MOD
DELS
reesponse plotteed against of un-damped
u naatural period and for
vaarious dampinng values annd can be exppressed in teerms of The pertaininng structure oof 20 stories residential buuilding
m
maximum absoolute accelerattion, maximum
m relative veloocity or wiith the generral form of plan p shown in figure hass been
Open Science Index, Civil and Environmental Engineering Vol:6, No:11, 2012 waset.org/Publication/2699

m
maximum relattive displacemment. For thiis purpose Reesponse moodeled. The sttorey plan is cchanging in th he different flooors as
sppectrum case of analysis hhave been performed accorrding to shoown in figurees [3–7]. The height
h of the first floor is 3 meter
ISS 1893. annd the other flooors are 3.2 m
meter. The plan n of first five stories
off the problem isi given in figgure 1, other stories
s plan is shown
III. ANALY
YSIS OF STRUCT
TURE in figure 2 to 5. Base plan diimension in X and Y direcction is
23.4 and 18.6 meter
m respectiively. The loaading which applied
a
Two considdered recordded acceleroograms havee been
in this structuree including deead, live and earthquake
e loaads are
coompared with standard respponse spectrum
m based on IS
S 1893,
acccording to IS I 875 part 1, and parrt 2 and IS 1893
shhown in Fig [1,2]. It is observed thaat, the peak ground
resspectively. Thhe sections inncluding all beams
b and coolumns
accceleration of
o both earthhquakes is less than standard
whhich are used in model havve been arranged at storey 1 to 5
sppectrum. Hennce those earrthquakes cann be used foor time
Coolumn70*70-660Q26mm, sttorey 5 to 10 1 Column 65*65- 6
hiistory analysiss of building.
566Q25mm, storrey 10 to 20 C Column 50*50-32Q25mm, storey
1 to
t 10 Beam655*65, storey 10 to 20 Beaam 45*45. The floor
slaab taken as 170mm
1 thick.. The modulu us of elasticiity and
sheear moduluss of concrette have beeen taken as E =
244855578.28 kN N/m2 and G = 10356490.95 kN/m2.

Fig. 1 Response specctrum standard of

o the model

Figg. 3 First to fifthh Floor Plan (ST

T 1 to 5)

International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 6(11) 2012 1046 ISNI:0000000091950263
 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Vol:6, No:11, 2012

Fig. 4 Sixth to tenth Floor Plan (ST 6 to 10)

Fig. 7 Seventeenth to twentieth Floor Plan (ST 17 to 20)
Open Science Index, Civil and Environmental Engineering Vol:6, No:11, 2012 waset.org/Publication/2699

V. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

The maximum displacements of building in different stories
in both X and Y direction for all methods of analysis have
been compared and shown in figures [8, 9]. Also, the
maximum displacement of center of mass is considered to
indicate the difference between all methods; the results
obtained have been shown in figures [10, 11].
From the diagrams below, it is observed that, in first five
stories, the difference between the results obtained with
different methods is insignificant. With increasing the height
of building, the difference between the displacements
(calculated by those methods) is gradually increased, by
considering the maximum displacement of each storey and
displacement of center of mass.
It is observed that, the maximum displacement is increasing
Fig. 5 Eleventh to fifteenth Floor Plan (ST 11 to 15) from first storey to last one. However, the maximum
displacement of center of mass, obtained by time history
analysis for both earthquakes at 16th floor is less than 15th
floor which is against the general trend line. It is as a result of
plan properties in those stories where the location of center of
mass is changed in X and Y directions.
As a matter of fact response spectrum analyses represent
maximum response of structure during earthquake ground
motion. It is seen from the diagrams below, the storey
displacements obtained by response spectrum analysis and
static analyses are close to each other.
It’s clear that the static analysis gives higher values for
maximum displacement of the stories in both X and Y
directions rather than other methods of analysis, especially in
higher stories. Although in Y direction these difference is
much less than X direction appears (Because of less
differences which exist between center of mass and center of
stiffness).
Fig. 6 Sixteenth floor plan (ST 16)

International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 6(11) 2012 1047 ISNI:0000000091950263
 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Vol:6, No:11, 2012

Fig. 8 Maaximum Displaccement of Storiees in all method

d in X directionn
Open Science Index, Civil and Environmental Engineering Vol:6, No:11, 2012 waset.org/Publication/2699

Fig. 9 Maaximum Displaccement of Storiees in all method

d in Y directionn

Fig. 10 Maxim
mum Displacem
ment of Center of Mass in all method
m in X direection

International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 6(11) 2012 1048 ISNI:0000000091950263
 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Vol:6, No:11, 2012

Fig. 11 Maxim
mum Displacem
ment of Center of Mass in all method
m in Y direection

VI. CONCLUSION Sustainable Built Environmentt (ICSBE-2010) Kandy, 13-14 December

D
Open Science Index, Civil and Environmental Engineering Vol:6, No:11, 2012 waset.org/Publication/2699

2010
From the ab bove work thhe following conclusions can be [4] Romy Mohann, C Prabha, Dyynamic Analysis of RCC Buildinngs with
drrawn out. Shear Wall, Innternational Jourrnal of Earth Sciiences and Enginneering ,
ISSN 0974-59904, Volume 04, N No 06 SPL, October 2011, pp 659 9-662 [2]
[1
1] As a resu ult of compaarison betweeen three men ntioned [5] Edward L. Wiilson, Three-Dim mensional Static and
a Dynamic Analysis of
analysis it is observed th hat the displaacements obtaiined by Structures, A Physical Appproach With Em mphasis on Earrthquake
ysis are higheer than dynam
static analy mic analysis including Engineering (chapter
( 12) Dyynamic Analysis, Third Edition,, reprint
January 2002
response sppectrum and time history an nalysis [6] Edward L. Wiilson, Three-Dim a Dynamic Analysis of
mensional Static and
[2
2] Time histo ory Analysis is i an elegant tool to visuallize the Structures, A Physical Appproach With Em mphasis on Earrthquake
performancce level of a building
b underr a given earth
hquake. Engineering (cchapter 17) Seism
mic Analysis Mod deling to Satisfy Building
B
Seismic performance of o structure can c be obtain ned by Codes, Third Edition,
E Reprint JJanuary 2002
[7] IS: 1893 (Parrt 1), 2002, “Critteria for Earthqu uake Resistant Design
D of
selecting an
a adequate rrecorded grou und motion forfo time Structures – general provisioons and buildinngs”, Bureau off Indian
history anaalysis. Standards, Neww Delhi.
[3
3] Static analy ysis is not suffficient for hig
gh-rise buildin
ngs and [8] IS: 875 (Part 1),
1 1987, “Code oof Practice for Design Loads (Othher Than
Earthquake) for
f Buildings annd Structures, Dead
D Loads”, Buureau of
it’s necesssary to provid de dynamic analysis
a (becaause of Indian Standarrds, New Delhi.
specific an
nd nonlinear diistribution of force). [9] IS: 875 (Part 2),
2 1987, “Code oof Practice for Design Loads (Othher Than
[4
4] For importtant structuress time history y analysis shoould be Earthquake) for
f Buildings annd Structures, Dead
D Loads”, Buureau of
Indian Standarrds, New Delhi.
performed as it prediccts the structtural responsee more [100] Pacific Earthhquake Engineerring Research Center (PEER)): NGA
accurately in comparison n with other twwo methods. Database, http
p://peer.berkeley.eedu/.
[5
5] The differeence of displaacement valuees between staatic and
dynamic analysis
a loweer stories are insignificantt but it
increased in
i higher storiies reached at its peak in to op story
or roof.
[6
6] The displaccement of eacch storey at ceenter of mass is i lower
compare to o those at the joint
j of maximmum displacem ment.
[7
7] The resultss of equivalennt static analyssis are approximately
uneconomiical because values
v of dispplacement aree higher
than dynammic analysis.

REFFERENCES
[1]] Payam Tehraani and Shahrokhh Maalek, Comp parison of nonlinnear static
and nonlineaar dynamic analyyses in the estim mation of the maximum
m
displacement for structures eqquipped with variious damping devvices, 4th
International Conference on Earthquake Engiineering, Taipei, Taiwan,
October 12-13, 2006 ,Paper No. 129
[2]] A.R. Touqan,, A Scrutiny of thhe Equivalent Sttatic Lateral Loadd Method
of Design foor Multistory Masonry Structurees, American Insstitute of
Physics, AIP P Conference P Proceedings vo ol. 1020, pp 11151-1158,
7/8/2008
[3]] Prof. Dr. Qaaiseruz Zaman Khan,
K Evaluation Of Effects Of Response
R
Spectrum Analysis On Heighht Of Building, Innternational Confeerence on

International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 6(11) 2012 1049 ISNI:0000000091950263