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Their Sources and Types of Assimilation. Don't Forget To Use and Explain Examples.)

The document discusses the etymological survey of the English vocabulary from a synchronic perspective. It covers the native English vocabulary, the process of borrowing words from other languages and their assimilation into English, and provides examples of borrowings from Celtic, Latin, Scandinavian, Greek, and French. It then lists tasks that involve identifying the origins of specific English words, grouping words by origin, providing Latinate adjectives for nouns, and analyzing borrowed words based on their degree of assimilation into English.

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Анастасия Сиванич
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170 views

Their Sources and Types of Assimilation. Don't Forget To Use and Explain Examples.)

The document discusses the etymological survey of the English vocabulary from a synchronic perspective. It covers the native English vocabulary, the process of borrowing words from other languages and their assimilation into English, and provides examples of borrowings from Celtic, Latin, Scandinavian, Greek, and French. It then lists tasks that involve identifying the origins of specific English words, grouping words by origin, providing Latinate adjectives for nouns, and analyzing borrowed words based on their degree of assimilation into English.

Uploaded by

Анастасия Сиванич
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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SEMINAR 1.

ETYMOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE ENGLISH


VOCABULARY. SYNCHRONIC PERSPECTIVE

Н 1. Native English vocabulary


Ю 2. The process of borrowing. Assimilation. Types of assimilation
3. Borrowings in Modern English (When talking about borrowings speak about
their sources and types of assimilation. Don’t forget to use and explain examples.)
i. Celtic Borrowings in English Н
ii. Latin Borrowings in English Ю
iii. Scandinavian Borrowings in English Н
iv. Greek Borrowings in English Ю
v. French Borrowings in English Н

Task I. Ю
Find and explain the origin of the following words.

I, English, entertain, wish, house, apple, two, wolf, fast, quick, drink, fly, kiss, live,
eye, desire, from, to, too, root, at.

Task II.
Group the following words according to their origin.
Н
Machine, mule, chocolate, telephone, wigwam, kangaroo, chauffeur, beauty,
umbrella, school, grotto, lottery, opera, sonata, sonnet, mikado, hara-kiri, karate,
soprano, opal, orange, punch, sapphire, manifest, violin, banana, bravado, canibal,
aga, bey, caftan, coffee, canoe, hammock, hurricane, sombrero, samurai, shogun,
bonsai, tobacco, tank, guitar, hacienda, sputnik, auto-da-fe, port (wine), verandah,
cobra, bismuth, jungle, pyjamas, cobalt, quartz, zinc, stanza, incognito, macaroni,
influenza, fiasco, nickel, waltz, kindergarten, leitmotif, borsch, rucksack, poodle,
homeopathy, maize, mosquito, mulatto, potato, hamburger, lager, reef, deck, hoy,
Ю
commandeer, springbok, baobab, landscape, roster, coach, tokay, goulash, hussar,
mazurka, polka, sugar, jute, candy, shampoo, loot, guru, curry, geisha, kimono,
kamikaze, zaitech, emir, harem, khalif, sofa, sheikh, assassin, azimuth, sherbert,
zero, cruise, easel, horde, uhlan, kiosk, yoghurt, shish kebab, bazaar, caravan,
turban, bamboo, ketchup, sago, tea, tycoon, kung fu, glasnost, intelligentsia,
madeira, perestroika, samovar, troika, piazza, portico, solo, cocoa, corral,
desperado, embargo, schnaps, sauerkraut, kapellmeister, yacht, rupee, khaki.
Task II. Н
Give adjectives of Latin origin corresponding to the following nouns.

Tooth, sun, youth, death, eye, star, sea, nose, town, sight.

Task II. Ю
Analyse the following words from the point of view of the type and degree of
assimilation. State which words are:
a) completely assimilated; b) partially assimilated; c) non-assimilated.

Cheese, street, wall, wine, formulae, husband, fellow, gate, root, addio, ciao, wing,
call, take, die, want, coup d’état, happy, ill, low, old, wrong, bourgeois, prestige,
memoir, table, face, chair, figure, finish, matter, ad libitum, animal, article,
incognito, macaroni, soprano, tobacco, kapellmeister, ballet, buffet, corps, bouquet,
brioche, Auto-da-fe, nucleus, chauffeur, nota bene, shaman, souvenir, spaghetti, à
la carte, boulevard, torero, ad hoc, à la mode, têt-à-têt, déjà vu.

Task III. Н
Study the origin and the difference in formation and in meaning of these doublets.

shirt-skirt, chief-chef, secure-sure, carton-cartoon, ward-guard, disaster-asterisk,


cow-beef, canary-canine, adult-adolescent, alimony-alimentary, suit-suite, legal-
loyal, major-mayor, pauper-poor, of-off, shade-shadow, mister-master.

Task IV.
The following are loan translations (calques). Find their origin. What do they
mean in English? How and when are they used?
Ю
Adam’s apple, masterpiece, brainwashing, that goes without saying, pineapple,
foreword, superego,
Н
devil’s advocate, moment of truth, underground movement, lose face, flea market,
forget-me-not.

Resources:
1. Антрушина Г.Б., Афанасьева О.В., Морозова Н.Н. Лексикология английского языка.
Chapter 3 and Chapter 4, pp.44 – 77.
2. M. A. K. Halliday and Colin Yallop. Lexicology. A Short Introduction. Chapter 2.3. pp. 33 –
42.
3. Зыкова И.В. A Practical Course in English Lexicology. Part V. pp.103 – 109.
4. Сунцова Н.Л., Такумбстова Л.М. Лексикология английского языка. Chapter 6. pp.118 –
132.
5. ‘Words about Words’. Part II. Sources of the English vocabulary. pp.17 – 39.
6. Anatoly Liberman. An Analytic Dictionary of English Etymology
7. Online Etymology Dictionary: http://www.etymonline.com/
8. Online dictionaries to help you find etymologically related words: http://wordinfo.info/ and
http://www.lexvo.com/

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