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Lecture 1 Introduction To Earthquake Engineering

Earthquake engineering is the application of knowledge from various fields including geophysics, geology, seismology, and structural engineering to minimize the harmful effects of earthquakes. It aims to reduce seismic risks to socioeconomically acceptable levels by estimating earthquake consequences and mitigating those consequences. On average, earthquakes cause 10,000 deaths per year from 1900 to 1980 and have resulted in over $10 billion in economic damages from 1926 to 1950. The scientific study of earthquakes was motivated by Irish engineer Robert Mallett's fieldwork to explain how structures are damaged in mechanical terms.

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117 views

Lecture 1 Introduction To Earthquake Engineering

Earthquake engineering is the application of knowledge from various fields including geophysics, geology, seismology, and structural engineering to minimize the harmful effects of earthquakes. It aims to reduce seismic risks to socioeconomically acceptable levels by estimating earthquake consequences and mitigating those consequences. On average, earthquakes cause 10,000 deaths per year from 1900 to 1980 and have resulted in over $10 billion in economic damages from 1926 to 1950. The scientific study of earthquakes was motivated by Irish engineer Robert Mallett's fieldwork to explain how structures are damaged in mechanical terms.

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Jomar Lampitok
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTRODUCTION TO

EARTHQUAKE
ENGINEERING
ENGR. HEBER JOHN DE VERA
WHAT IS EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING

Earthquake Engineering definitions ranged from the perspective in


socioeconomic effects to development as a branch of engineering with the
estimation of earthquake consequences and the mitigation of these
consequences (Elnashai and Sarno, 2015).
Bozorgnia and Bertero (2006) define earthquake engineering (EE) as an
integration of multidisciplinary knowledge in several areas of basic sciences and
science-based engineering with the ultimate goal of reducing the seismic risks to
socioeconomically acceptable levels.
WHAT IS EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING

Earthquake engineering deals with the effects of earthquakes on people


and their environment and with methods of reducing those effects. (Kramer,
1996.)
In earthquake engineering a wide range of knowledge that includes
geophysics, geology, seismology, vibration theory, structural dynamics, materials
dynamics, structural engineering, and construction techniques are necessary.
More specifically, earthquake engineering is the application of this knowledge to
the single objective of building structures that are safe against earthquakes
(Okamoto, 1973). Earthquake engineering broadly encompasses all non-
technical, as well as technical efforts directed toward minimizing the harmful
effects of earthquakes (Housner, 1984).
CASUALTIES OF EARTHQUAKES
Figure 1-1 depicts the loss of lives caused by earthquakes averaging 10,000 people each year from
1900 to 1980. Effects on socioeconomic impacts in a UNESCO study that reported damage losses
amounting to $10,000,000,000 from 1926 to 1950 from earthquakes.
THE MOTIVATION FOR THE
SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF EARTHQUAKES

The motivation for the scientific study of earthquakes came from the
extensive fieldwork of the Irish engineer, Robert Mallett. He set out to explain
how the mass of stone and mortar was dislocated in terms of mechanical
principles and establishes basic vocabulary such as seismology, hypocenter,
and isoseismal. From then on seismology and engineering close links have
continued ever since. Seismology is the scientific study of earthquakes.
EARTHQUAKE PREDICTION

Prediction of the strong motion earthquake is expected for the large


amplitude-long duration shaking observed in damaging earthquakes. The great
seismological advances occurred in studying waves from distant earthquakes
using very sensitive seismographs, but not much fundamental work was done by
seismologists on the rarer large earthquakes of engineering importance because
of the deficiency of the usual seismograph before.
EARTHQUAKE PREDICTION

After the 1971 San Fernando earthquake several factors emerged such
as topographic amplification and the construction of realistic models of fault-
rupture and travel-path that could explain the strong motion patterns, variation in
ground motions, a harvest of strong-motion recordings were obtained in the
latter earthquake and availability of digital recorders and fast computers that
both seismologists and engineers can tackle more fundamental and realistic
problems of earthquake generation and ground shaking.
ADVANCEMENT IN EARTHQUAKE
ENGINEERING

Strategic location for sited strong-motion accelerographs in seismic areas of


the world enabled knowledge of strong ground shaking. Seismic records had
been digitized and were available for use in research or practice, use of
appropriate analysis such as quantitative dynamic analysis for the structural
design of structures in earthquake-prone regions, the requirement for seismic
intensity and input motions, or spectra of defining parameters. Predicted
seismograms (time-histories) for dynamic modeling in structural design or
vulnerability assessments are often needed.
Engr. Heber John de Vera
09178370439
[email protected]

Contact hours: 11:00AM –


05:00PM (T-Th-S)

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