2.

UPS 2004/2005

FIGURE 1

(a) FIGURE 1 shows a structure of a cell. Identify each of the structure labelled A to F.

A : _____________________________________

B : _____________________________________

C : _____________________________________

D : _____________________________________

E : _____________________________________

F : _____________________________________
[6 marks]

(b) Give examples of a substances found in the secretion vesicle.

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
(c) State TWO functions of organelle F.

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]

49 | CHAPTER 2 | CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTIONS

4. Question 4(a) to 4(c) are based on the situation below.

Compartment A and compartment B are separated by a membrane that is selectively permeable

to sugars. Compartment A contains 50 mM glucose solution and compartment B contains
75 mM glucose solution. The temperature of the system in 37 0C.

(a) In which direction will glucose diffuse?

_______________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(b) What will happen to the rate of glucose flux if:

(i) the area of the membrane separating the two components is reduced by 25%?
_________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

(ii) the temperature of the system is decreased to 250C?

_________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

(iii) the glucose solution is replaced by sucrose solution of the same concentration?
_________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

(iv) the concentration of glucose in compartment B is 100 mM?

_________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

(c) Which direction will the glucose diffuse if the concentration of glucose in compartment
B is 25 mM?
_______________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(d) How do facilitated diffusion (passive transport) differs from active transport?

Facilitated diffusion Active transport

[4 marks]

50 | CHAPTER 2 | CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTIONS

1.
UPS 2005/2006
FIGURE 1 shows a model of plasma membrane structure introduced by S. Singer and Nicholson.

FIGURE 1

(a) Give the name of the model in FIGURE 1.

_______________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(b) Suggest why this model is known as in 1(a).

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
(c) Name the structures labelled A to D.

A:________________________________________________________

B:________________________________________________________

C:________________________________________________________

D:________________________________________________________
[4 marks]

(d) Between X and Y, which is the cytoplasm of the cell?

_______________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

(e) Give TWO functions of protein molecules in the cell membrane.

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
51 | CHAPTER 2 | CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTIONS
4. FIGURE 3 shows a plant cell immersed in a sucrose solution. The pressure potential (Ψ p) and
the solute potential (Ψ s) of the cell and the sucrose solution are shown in FIGURE 3.

FIGURE 3

(a) Define osmosis in terms of water potential.

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
(b) (i) Calculate the water potentials of this cell. Show your calculation.

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]

(ii) State whether water will move in or out of the cell.

_______________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

(c) What happen to the volume of the cell? Give your explanation.
_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]

(d) State THREE differences between passive transport and active transport.

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________
[3 marks]
52 | CHAPTER 2 | CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTIONS
1. FIGURE 1 shows cell A and cell B.
UPS 2006/2007

FIGURE 1

(a) Name each type of cell and give your reason.

Cell A: ________________________________________________________________
Reason: ________________________________________________________________

Cell B: _________________________________________________________________
Reason: ________________________________________________________________
[4 marks]
(b) State TWO locations where cell A can be found.

(i) _________________________________________________
(ii) ________________________________________________ [2 marks]

(c) Give TWO differences between these cells and prokaryotic cell.

Features Cell A and Cell B Prokaryotic cell

[2 marks]
(d) Name the types of cell that made up these tissues/organs

(i) Lining in the alveoli of lungs : _________________________________

(ii) Supporting tissue in herbaceous plant : _________________________________

[2 marks]

53 | CHAPTER 2 | CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTIONS

2. FIGURE 2 shows the Fluid Mosaic Model of cell membrane.

FIGURE 2

(a) Name E, F, G and H.

E: ________________________________________________

F: ________________________________________________

G: ________________________________________________

H: ________________________________________________
[4 marks]

(b) Using arrow show the hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts for E in FIGURE 2.
[2 marks]
(c) Give functions of F and H.

F: _____________________________________________________________________

H: ____________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
(d) Why the model is known as Fluid Mosaic?

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]

54 | CHAPTER 2 | CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTIONS

 UPS 2007/2008
1. (a) FIGURE 1.1 shows the structure of some epithelial cells lining the mammalian small intestine.

FIGURE 1.1

(i) What is the type of epithelial tissue shown above?

_______________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

(ii) Name the cell labelled Q.

_______________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

(iii) Name the substance (R) secreted by cell Q.

_______________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

(iv) State TWO functions of R in the small intestine.

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]

(v) Name the structure labelled S.

_______________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

55 | CHAPTER 2 | CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTIONS

(b) FIGURE 1.2 shows a type of neuron.

FIGURE 1.2

(i) Identify the type of the above neuron.

_______________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

(ii) State the main function of this neuron.

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

(iii) Name structure X and its function.

Structure X: ____________________________________________________________

Function: ____________________________________________________________
[2 marks]

56 | CHAPTER 2 | CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTIONS

2. FIGURE 2 shows the movement of molecules across the membrane.

FIGURE 2

(a) Name the process M and N.

M:__________________________________________________
N:__________________________________________________ [2 marks]

(b) Give TWO differences between M and N.

Process M Process N

[2 marks]
(c) State the function of organelles A, B and C.
A:_____________________________________________________________________
B:_____________________________________________________________________
C:_____________________________________________________________________
[3 marks]

(d) Can a plant cell undergo endocytosis? State your reason.

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]

(e) What will happen to D after it enters into the cell?

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

57 | CHAPTER 2 | CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTIONS

 UPS 2008/2009
1. (a) FIGURE 1.1 shows three supporting tissues A, B and C which are present in flowering
plants.

FIGURE 1.1
(i) Name tissues A, B and C.

A:____________________________________________________

B:____________________________________________________

C:____________________________________________________
[3 marks]
(ii) State TWO differences between tissue A and tissue B.

Tissue A Tissue B

[2 marks]

58 | CHAPTER 2 | CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTIONS

(b) FIGURE 1.2 shows a type of connective tissue.

FIGURE 1.2

(i) Identify the type of connective tissue shown above.

_________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

(ii) Name cell X and structure Y. State their functions.

Cell X: _____________________________________________________

Function: _____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

Cell Y: _____________________________________________________

Function: _____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________
[4 marks]

59 | CHAPTER 2 | CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTIONS

2. (a) FIGURE 2.1 shows a U-tube containing sucrose solution with different molarities at
atmospheric pressure. Solution P is 2M sucrose while solution Q is 5M sucrose. Both
the solutions are separated by a selectively permeable membrane.

FIGURE 2.1
(i) Which solution is hypertonic?
________________________________________________________ [1 mark]

(ii) Which solution has higher water potential? Give a reason for your answer.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
(iii) What happens to the level of solution P after a few minutes? Why?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
(b) FIGURE 2.2 shows two adjacent plant cells A and B.

FIGURE 2.2

(i) Calculate the water potential of cell B.

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
(ii) Draw an arrow on FIGURE 2.2 to show the direction of water flow.
[1 mark]
(iii) Give TWO differences between facilitated diffusion and active transport.

Facilitated diffusion Active transport.

[2 marks]

60 | CHAPTER 2 | CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTIONS

1. (a) FIGURE 1 shows two types of muscle tissues.
UPS 2009/2010

FIGURE 1

(i) Name tissue A and B.

Tissue A:___________________________________________
Tissue B:___________________________________________ [2 marks]

(ii) State ONE location for tissue A and B.

Tissue A:___________________________________________
Tissue B:___________________________________________ [2 marks]

(iii)State TWO differences between tissue A and tissue B.

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
(b) FIGURE 2 shows two types of specialized animal cells.

FIGURE 2

(i) Name cell A and cell B.

Cell A:_________________________________________
Cell B:_________________________________________ [2 marks]

(ii) State TWO differences between cell A and cell B.

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
61 | CHAPTER 2 | CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTIONS
 [2 marks]
2. (a) FIGURE 3 shows transport mechanism of molecules across plasma membrane.

FIGURE 3

(i) Name the mechanism I, II and II.

Mechanism I :____________________________________________________

Mechanism II :____________________________________________________

Mechanism III:____________________________________________________
[3 marks]

(ii) Mechanism II involves a protein molecule. Give ONE function of this protein
molecule.

_________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

(iii) Give ONE characteristics of solute molecules that can be transported through
mechanism I.

_________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

62 | CHAPTER 2 | CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTIONS

(b) FIGURE 4 shows the water potential (Ψ) of three plant cells. All cells were immersed
into a sucrose solution with a water potential of -540 kPa.

FIGURE 4

(i) Which cell takes in water at the fastest rate?

_________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

(ii) Explain your answer in (b)(i).

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]

(iii) Explain why the water potential of a cell is normally a negative value.

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]

63 | CHAPTER 2 | CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTIONS

1. (a)
UPS
FIGURE 1 shows a type of human connective tissue under a microscope.
2010/2011

FIGURE 1

(i) Identify the tissue.

_________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

(ii) What is cell Q? Give ONE adaptation and state its function.

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
[3 marks]

(iii) One of the main role of this tissue is transportation.

Name ONE plant tissue that performs the same function.

_________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

(b) Animal cells do not have cell walls. Why?

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]

(c) State the differences between parenchyma and sclerenchyma tissues in terms of the cell
wall, cell arrangement and function.

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
[3 marks]
64 | CHAPTER 2 | CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTIONS
2. (a) FIGURE 2 shows an eukaryotic cell as seen under the electron microscope.

FIGURE 2

(i) Identify structure A and B.

Structure A:___________________________________________
Structure B:___________________________________________
[2 marks]
(ii) State the function of structure A, B and C.
Structure A:___________________________________________
Structure B:___________________________________________
Structure C:___________________________________________
[2 marks]

(b) FIGURE 3 shows the plasma membrane model proposed by S.J. Singer and G.
Nicholson.

FIGURE 3

(i) Name the model.

_________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(ii) Explain why the model is describe as in (b)(i).
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
(iii) Explain the important of the hydrophobic areas in the membrane.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
65 | CHAPTER 2 | CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTIONS
2. (a)
UPS 2011/2012
FIGURE 2 shows the structures of a leaf palisade cell and a bacterial cell.

FIGURE 2

(i) Name the structures labelled A, B and C.

A: _________________________________________________
B: _________________________________________________
C: _________________________________________________
[3 marks]
(ii) What are the differences between A and C?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
(b) FIGURE 3 shows a cross section of a mammalian lung.

FIGURE 3

(i) Name cells D and E.

D: ______________________________________________________________
E: ______________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
(ii) Explain how cells D and E keep the respiratory tract clear of dust and other
particle
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
(iii) State another location where cell E can be found.
_________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

66 | CHAPTER 2 | CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTIONS

3. FIGURE 4 shows a diagram of a plasma membrane based on Fluid Mosaic Model.

FIGURE 4

(a) (i) State the structure labelled F and G.

F: _______________________________________________________________
G: ______________________________________________________________
[2 marks]

(ii) Explain why this model is known as Fluid Mosaic Model?

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]

(iii) State ONE function of carbohydrate in plasma membrane.

_________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

(b) (i) Explain why Na+ and K+ cannot cross the phospholipid bilayer?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]

(ii) How do large and insoluble particles enter a cell?

_________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

(iii) State TWO differences between process H and osmosis.

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]

67 | CHAPTER 2 | CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTIONS

2. (a)
UPS 2012/2013
FIGURE 2 shows eukaryotic cells, Cell X and Cell Y under a light microscope.

FIGURE 2

(i) Name the organelle labeled A, B and C.

[3 marks]
A: ______________________________________________________________

B ; ______________________________________________________________

C: ______________________________________________________________

(ii) Identify Cell X and Cell Y. State a reason to support the answer given.
[4 marks]
Cell X: __________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

Cell Y: __________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

(b) (i) State TWO main features of meristem cells.

[2 marks]
_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

(ii) Meristem cells possess high mitotic rate. What is its significance to plant?
[1 mark]

_________________________________________________________________

68 | CHAPTER 2 | CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTIONS

3. (a) FIGURE 3 shows a section of a cell membrane within a Na+ and K+ pump.

FIGURE 3

(i) Name the structure labeled D and the type of transport involved.
[2 marks]
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

(ii) Describe the type of transport shown in FIGURE 3.

[2 marks]
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

(iii) Explain why the movement of Na+ and K+ across a cell membrane
requires the structure labeled D.
[2 marks]
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

(b) State ONE similarity and ONE different between simple diffusion and facilitated
diffusion.
[2 marks]
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

(c) A 0.9% solution of the salt, NaCl is isotonic to red blood cell. What happens to the red
blood cells if they are placed into:
[2 marks]
(i) 1.5% solution of NaCl?

_________________________________________________________________

(ii) 0.4% solution of NaCl?

_________________________________________________________________

69 | CHAPTER 2 | CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTIONS

3 (a)
UPS 2013/2014
FIGURE 6 shows the structure of a plasma membrane for a eukaryotic cell.

FIGURE 6

(i) Name the structure labelled F and H.

[2 marks]
F : __________________________________________________________
H : __________________________________________________________

(ii) Give ONE function for structure labelled F and G.

[2 marks]
F : __________________________________________________________
G : __________________________________________________________

(iii) Name the model of the plasma membrane as shown in FIGURE 6. Explain your
answer.
[3 marks]
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

(b) FIGURE 7 shows the structure of a plasma membrane for a eukaryotic cell.

FIGURE 7

(i) Identify tissues W and X.

[2 marks]
W : __________________________________________________________
X : __________________________________________________________

(ii) Give ONE function for X.

[1 mark]

70 | CHAPTER 2 | CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTIONS

 UPS 2014/2015
3 (a) FIGURE 3A shows a type of plant tissue.

FIGURE 3A

(i) Name the tissue shown in FIGURE 3A?

[1 mark]
_________________________________________________________________

(ii) What is mainly transported via this tissue?

[1 mark]
_________________________________________________________________

(iii) State the TWO components of this tissue?

[1 mark]
_________________________________________________________________

(iv) How could K function efficiently when most of the organelles degenerate upon
maturity?
[2 marks]
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

71 | CHAPTER 2 | CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTIONS

 (b) FIGURE 3B shows a type of plant tissue.

M N

FIGURE 3B

(i) State M and N tissue.

[2 marks]
M : _________________________________________________________
N : _________________________________________________________

(ii) How does M differ from smooth muscle tissue?

[1 mark]
_________________________________________________________________

(iii) Suggest ONE example of food you should consume to strengthen your N tissue.
Why?
[2 marks]
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

72 | CHAPTER 2 | CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTIONS

 UPS 2015/2016
3 (a) FIGURE 3 shows cell A immersed in two different solutions, Y and Z.

FIGURE 3
(i) Define osmosis in term of water potential.
[2 marks]
_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

(ii) Calculate water potential of cell A.

[2 marks]
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

(iii) State what happens to cell A when it is immersed into solution Y and Z. Give
ONE reason for your answers.
[2 marks]
Solution Y : ___________________________________________________

Reason : ___________________________________________________
[2 marks]
Solution Z : ___________________________________________________

Reason : ___________________________________________________

(b) Based on the criteria given below, give TWO differences between osmosis and active
transport.
[2 marks]
Criteria Osmosis Active transport
Energy
requirement

Concentration
gradient

73 | CHAPTER 2 | CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTIONS

5 (a)
PSPM
Explain briefly on lysosome and its roles.
2003/2004
[8 marks]

(b) With reference to a labelled diagram, describe the structure of cell membrane
using Mosaic Fluid Model. [12 marks]

5
PSPM 2004/2005
Describe the structure s and functions of THREE types of animal connective tissues. [20 marks]

5 (a)
PSPM 2005/2006
Briefly describe the structure and functions of the cell components below:
(i) Plant vacuoles
(ii) Nucleolus
(iii) Ribosomes [12 marks]

(b) Compare and contrast the cardiac muscle tissue and skeletal muscle tissue. [8 marks]

5 (a)
PSPM
Describe the structure of an animal's cell nucleus.
2006/2007
[8 marks]

(b) Explain how substances move in and out of the plasma membrane. [12 marks]

74 | CHAPTER 2 | CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTIONS

1. FIGURE 1 shows part of a cell.
PSPM 2007/2008

FIGURE 1

(a) Name the structure A and C.

(i) A : ________________________________________________
(ii) C : ________________________________________________
[2 marks]
(b) State ONE function of B.
___________________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
(c) What are the processes that take place at X, Y and Z?

(i) X : __________________________________________________________________
(ii) Y : __________________________________________________________________
(iii) Z : __________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(d) Identify the cell in FIGURE 1 and state the reason for your answer.

Cell : ___________________________________________________________________
Reason : ___________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
(e) Why do the cells become specialized during development?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]

75 | CHAPTER 2 | CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTIONS

5 (a)
PSPM 2007/2008
Compare and contrast the structures of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
[8 marks]
(b) Describe the structure and function of the following cells.
(i) parenchyma
(ii) collenchyma
(iii) sclerenchyma
[12 marks]

5 (a)
PSPM
Describe the structure and functions of the following organelles:
2008/2009
(i) Golgi body [10 marks]
(ii) Chloroplast [10 marks]

76 | CHAPTER 2 | CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTIONS

1. FIGURE 1 shows human cardiac tissue.
PSPM 2009/2010

FIGURE 1

(a) i. Name the structure P and Q.

Structure P : __________________________________________
Structure Q: __________________________________________
[2 marks]

ii. What is the function of structure P?

_________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(b) Name the muscle tissue that can be found in the walls of the digestive tract and arteries
wall.
_______________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(c) State TWO structural differences between cardiac tissues and epithelium tissues.
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
(d) State the function of cells below and give ONE structural adaptation of the cell to enable
it ti carry its function.

Function of red blood cell : ______________________________________________

______________________________________________

Adaptation : ______________________________________________
______________________________________________

Function of nerve cell : ______________________________________________

______________________________________________

Adaptation : ______________________________________________
______________________________________________
[4 marks]
77 | CHAPTER 2 | CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTIONS
1. FIGURE 1 shows three types of organelles.
PSPM 2010/2011

FIGURE 1

(a) Where organelles in FIGURE 1 can be found?

_______________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(b) (i) Name the structures A, B and C.

A: ______________________________________________________________

B: ______________________________________________________________

C: ______________________________________________________________
[3 marks]

(iii) Name one function of A, B and C.

A: ______________________________________________________________

B: ______________________________________________________________

C: ______________________________________________________________
[3 marks]

(c) State TWO end products for chemical process which occurs in organelle X

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]

(d) Which organelles are enclosed by two membranes?

_______________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
78 | CHAPTER 2 | CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTIONS
5 (a)
PSPM
Differentiate between animal and plant cells.
2010/2011
[10 marks]

(b) Describe the structure of cell membrane based on Fluid Mosaic Model. [10 marks]

6 (a)
PSPM 2011/2012
Describe the membrane proteins and how they function in passive transport mechanism.
[10 marks]

(b) Explain endocytosis and exocytosis. [10 marks]

5 (a)
PSPM
Explain passive transport and active transport.
2012/2013
[8 marks]
(b) Discuss the structure and function of Golgi body.
[12 marks]

6 (a)
PSPM
Differentiate plant and animal cells based on their cellular content.
2013/2014
[8 marks]

(b) Simple epithelial cells differ in their structure, function and distribution. Name the types
of cells and describe their differences in term of structure, function and distribution.

[12 marks]

79 | CHAPTER 2 | CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTIONS

1.
PSPM 2015/2016
FIGURE 1 shows the organelle involved in the synthesis and secretion of protein in animals.

FIGURE 1
(a) Name organelles X, Y and Z.
[3 marks]
X: _______________________________________________________________________
Y: _______________________________________________________________________
Z: _______________________________________________________________________

(b) State the function of organelles X and Y.

[2 marks]
X: _______________________________________________________________________
Y: _______________________________________________________________________

(c) P is produced from the process shown in FIGURE 1.

(i) What is the structure level P?

[1 mark]
____________________________________________________________________

(ii) Give ONE example of a protein with the structure mentioned in 1(c)(i).
[1 mark]
____________________________________________________________________

(d) Enzymes belong to which class of protein?

[1 mark]
__________________________________________________________________________

(e) Name TWO chemical bonding involved in the formation of tertiary structure of protein.
[2 marks]
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

80 | CHAPTER 2 | CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTIONS

5 (a)
PSPM 2016/2017
A human liver cells produces many types of proteins to be used outside of the cell. Using
your knowledge on the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi body, explain the path of
proteins production to excretion in cell.
[10 marks]

(b) Plasma membrane is semi-permeable. State the importance of this characteristics and
identify the main components of the membrane that contribute to this characteristic.
[10 marks]

6 (a)
PSPM
Give the differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
2017/2018
[6 marks]
(b) Describe the transport mechanisms across membrane of eukaryotic cells.
[6 marks]
(c) Describe the differences between structure of plant and animal cells and
draw a relevant labelled diagram to show the differences.
[8 marks]

81 | CHAPTER 2 | CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTIONS

2 (a)
PSPM
FIGURE 2 shows the structure of a cell membrane.
2018/2019

(i) Name component A.

[1 mark]
_________________________________________________________________

(ii) Explain how component A is able to assemble itself into structure shown in
FIGURE 2.
[3 marks]
_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

(iii) How does component B stabilize the fluidity of the membrane at different tem-
perature?
[3 marks]
_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

(b) Describe how glucose is passively transported across membrane.

[3 marks]
_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

82 | CHAPTER 2 | CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTIONS

2 (a)
PSPM
FIGURE 2.1 shows the structure of an organelles.
2019/2020

FIGURE 2.1
(i) Name component Q and R.
[2 marks]
Q: ______________________________________________________________
R: ______________________________________________________________

(ii) A poison inhibits the enzyme at Q. Name the process that is affected by the
poison.
[1 mark]
_________________________________________________________________

(iii) List the structural similarities between the organelle in FIGURE 2.1 and
prokaryotes.
[2 marks]
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

(b) FIGURE 2.2 shows the transport of substances across the membrane by using transport
protein X and Y.

FIGURE 2.2
(i) Name the type of transport which involves protein X.
[1 mark]
_________________________________________________________________

(ii) Differentiate the transport mechanism between proteins X and Y.

[3 marks]
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

(iii) What will happen to the movement and concentration of the ions across
membrane if protein X fails to function?
[2 marks]
_________________________________________________________________
83 | CHAPTER 2 | CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTIONS