COMPARING QUANTITIES 8

CHAPTER

CONTENTS percent, i.e., value of a given percent = Given

quantity × given percent converted into
 Percentage fraction.
 Profit and Loss EXAMPLES 

 Discount Ex.1 If 8.5% of a number is 51, then find the

number.
 Sales Tax Sol. Let the required number be x.
 8.5% of x = 51
 Compound Interest or
85
10
% of x = 51

 Time & Work or

85
×
1
× x = 51
10 100
3 2

or x = 51 100  10 = 3 × 100 × 2 = 600

 PERCENTAGE 85
5

A fraction with its denominator as 100 is called Thus, 8.5% of 600 is 51.
percent, the symbol ‘%’ is used for percent and
1 Ex.2 The difference between increasing a number by
it indicates multiplication with . 8% and decreasing it by 7% is 75. What is the
100
number ?
For example,
Sol. Let the required number be x.
18
= 18 hundredths 8x
100  8% of x =
100
= 18 per hundred
8x 108x
1 Therefore, Increased number = x + =
= 18 × 100 100
100
Similarly, the number decreased by
= 18 percent
7x 93x
= 18% 7% = x – =
18 100 100
can also be expressed as 18 : 100. 108x 93x 15x
100 Now, = – =
30% is equivalent to the ratio 30 : 100. 100 100 100
Or But, actual difference = 75
30 3 15x
30% is equivalent to the fraction or . So, = 75
100 10 100
75  100
  Working Rules Thus, x=
15
To Find the Percentage of a Number = 5 × 100 = 500
To find the value of a given percent of a given Hence, the required number is 500.
quantity, we multiply the given quantity by the
fraction or decimal fraction of the given
Ex.3 Rani’s weight is 25% that of Meena’s weight Now, difference between Rohan’s
and 40% that of Tara’s weight. What and Rakesh’s income= Rs (100 – 80)
percentage of Tara’s weight is Meena’s weight ? = Rs 20
Sol.: Let Meena’s weight be x kg and Tara’s weight Hence, Rohan’s income is 20% less than that of
be y kg. Rakesh.

Then, Rani’s weight = 25% of Meena’s weight

Ex.5 The price of sugar goes up by 20%. By how
25
= ×x ... (i) much percent must a house wife reduce her
100
consumption so that the expenditure does not
Also, Rani’s weight = 40% of Tara’s weight
increase ?
40 Sol. Let the consumption of sugar originally be 100
= ×y ... (ii)
100 kg and its price be Rs 100. Then,
From (i) and (ii), we get New price of 100 kg sugar = Rs 120
25 40 [ Price increases by 20%]
×x= ×y
100 100 Now, Rs 120 can fetch 100 kg sugar.
 25x = 40 y [Multiplying both sides by 100]  100 
 Rs 100 can fetch =  100  kg sugar
 5x = 8y [Dividing both sides by 5]  120 
8 250
 x= y ... (iii) = kg sugar
5 3
We have to find Meena’s weight as the  250 
Reduction in consumption = 100  %
percentage of Tara’s weight, i.e.,  3 
8 50 2
y = % = 16 %
x
× 100 = 5 × 100 [Using (iii)] 3 3
y y
8 Ex.6 A number is increased by 10% and then it is
= × 100 = 160
5 decreased by 10%. Find the net increase or
Hence, Meena’s weight is 160% of Tara’s decrease percent.
weight. Sol: Let the number be 100.
Increase in the number = 10% of 100
Ex.4 Rakesh’s income is 25% more than that of 10
= × 100 = 10
100
Rohan’s income. What percent is Rohan’s
 Increased number = 100 + 10 = 110.
income less than Rakesh’s income ?
This number is then decreased by 10%.
Sol. Let Rohan’s income be Rs 100. Then,
Therefore, decrease in the number = 10% of 110
Rakesh’s income = Rs 125.
 10 
If Rakesh’s income is = 110  = 11.
 100 
Rs 125, Rohan’s income = Rs 100
 New number = 110 – 11 = 99
If Rakesh’s income is
Thus, net decrease = 100 – 99 = 1
100
Rs 1, Rohan’s income = Rs  1 
125 Hence, net percentage decrease =  100  %
If Rakesh’s income is Rs 100,  100 
 100  = 1%.
Rohan’s income = Rs  100 
 125 
= Rs 80.
Ex.7 The salary of an officer has been increased by Loss :
50%. By what percent the new salary must be If selling price is less than cost price, then the
reduced to restore the original salary ? difference between the selling price and cost price
Sol. Let original salary be Rs 100. is called loss.
Then, Increase in the salary = 50% of Rs 100 Loss = Cost Price – Selling Price

= Rs 50. Overheads :
Salary after increment = Rs 150. Usually, a merchant has to spend some money on
Now, in order to restore the original salary, a freight or transport, labour or maintenance of the
reduction of Rs 50 should be made on Rs 150. purchased articles. These extra expenditures are
Thus, Reduction on Rs 150 = Rs 50 called overheads. The overheads are an essential
50 part of cost price.
 Reduction on Rs 1 = Rs  Cost Price = (Payment made while
150
purchasing the articles)
 50 
 Reduction on Rs 100 = Rs  100  + overhead charges
 150 
1 Some useful Formulae to Find the above
= 33
3 defined Terms :
1 A. Profit or Gain (S.P. > C.P.)
 Reduction on new salary = 33 %.
3 1. Profit = S.P. – C.P.
2. S.P. = Profit + C.P.
 PROFIT AND LOSS 3. C.P. = S.P. – Profit
Profit
Profit and Loss : 4. Profit % = × 100
C.P.
In our daily routine, we have to buy some articles C.P.  Profit %
from various shops. The shopkeepers purchase 5. Profit =
100
these articles either from wholesalers or directly
 100  Profit % 
from the manufacturers by paying a certain price. 6. S.P. = C.P.  
 100 
Generally, the shopkeeper sells his articles at a
different price. These prices and difference in these  100  S.P. 
7. C.P. =  
prices are given special names such as cost price,  100  Pr ofit % 
selling price, profit, loss etc. B. Loss (S.P. > C.P.)
Cost Price : 1. Loss = C.P. – S.P.
The price for which an article is purchased is called 2. S.P. = C.P. – Loss
the cost price and abbreviated as C.P. 3. C.P. = Loss + S.P.
Loss
Selling Price : 4. Loss % = × 100
C.P.
The price for which an article is sold is called the C.P.  Loss%
selling price and abbreviated as S.P. 5. Loss =
100
Profit :  100  Loss% 
6. S.P. = C.P.  
If selling price is more than cost price, then the  100 
difference between selling price and the cost price 100  S.P.
7. C.P. =
is called the profit. (100  Loss%)
 Profit = Selling Price – Cost Price
 EXAMPLES  115
= Rs 20000 ×
Ex.8 Anshul purchased 100 oranges at the rate of 100
Rs 2 per orange. He sold 60% of the oranges at = Rs 200 × 115
the rate of Rs 2.50 per orange and the = Rs 23000 ... (ii)
remaining oranges at the rate of Rs 2 per  S.P. of the second cow = Rs 38200 – Rs 23000
orange. Find his profit percent. [From (i) and (ii)]
Sol. S.P. of 100 oranges = Rs 2 × 100 = Rs 200 = Rs 15200
Thus, the selling price of the second cow is
60
60% of 100 oranges = × 100 oranges Rs 15,200.
100
= 60 oranges Ex.11 A man buys 60 pens at Rs 10 per pen and sells
Now S.P. of 60 oranges = Rs 2.50 × 60 = Rs 150 40 pens at Rs 12 per pen and remaining 20 pens
and S.P. of the remaining (100 – 60), i.e., at Rs 9 per pen. Find his gain or loss percent.
40 oranges = Rs 2 × 40 = Rs 80 Sol. Cost of 60 pens = Rs 10 × 60 = Rs 600
 S.P. of all the 100 oranges S.P. of 40 pens = Rs 12 × 40 = Rs 480
= Rs 150 + Rs 80 = Rs 230 S.P. of 20 pens = Rs 9 × 20 = Rs 180
Therefore, profit = S.P. – C.P.  Total S.P. = Rs 480 + Rs 180 = Rs 660
= Rs (230 – 200) = Rs 30 Since, S.P. > C.P.
30  Profit = Rs 660 – Rs 600 = Rs 60
Hence, Profit percent = × 100 = 15%
200 Profit
Thus, Anshul’s profit is 15%.  Profit percent = × 100
C.P.
60
Ex.9 By selling 144 eggs, Anuj lost the S.P. of 6 = × 100 = 10%.
eggs. Find his loss percent. 600
Sol. Let S.P. of 1 egg = Rs 1 Ex.12 By selling an air-cooler for Rs 6,800, Mr.
 S.P. of 144 eggs = Rs 144 × 1 = Rs 144 Avinash lost 15%. For what price should he sell
and, Loss = S.P. of 6 eggs it to get a profit of 10% ?
= Re 1 × 6 = Rs 6 Sol. This sum will be solved in two parts. In 1st
 C.P. of 144 eggs = S.P. + Loss part, we find the C.P. and in 2nd part, we find
= Rs 144 + Rs 6 = Rs 150 the required S.P.
Part I :
Loss
Therefore, loss % = × 100 S.P. of the air cooler = Rs 6800
C.P. Loss = 15% i.e., for every Rs 100 he is losing
6 Rs 15.
= × 100 = 4
150  If C.P. is Rs 100,
Thus, Anuj’s loss is 4%. then S.P. Rs 100 – Rs 15 = Rs 85
 If S.P. is Rs 85, then C.P. = Rs 100
Ex.10 Mahender bought two cows at Rs 20,000 each. 100
He sold one cow at 15% gain. But he had to If S.P. is Rs 1, then C.P. = Rs
85
sell the second cow at a loss. If he had suffered 80
a loss of Rs 1,800 on the whole dealing, find 100 400
If S.P. is Rs 6800, then C.P. = Rs × 68 00
the selling price of the second cow. 5 85
= Rs 100 × 80
Sol. Total C.P. of the two cows = 2 × Rs 20000 = Rs 8000.
= Rs 40000 Part II :
Loss = Rs 1800 C.P. = Rs 8000
 Total S.P. = Rs 40000 – Rs 1800 Profit = 10%
= Rs 38200 ... (i)  Profit = 10% of Rs 8000
Now, S.P. of the first cow at 15% profit
10
 100  Profit %  = × 8000 = Rs 800
= C.P.   100
 100   S.P. = C.P. + Profit
(100  15) = Rs 8000 + Rs 800 = Rs 8800.
= Rs 20000 ×
100 Hence, the air-cooler should be sold for
Rs 8,800 in order to make a profit of 10%.
Ex.13 A man sold two scooters for Rs 18000 each. On “Goods at Throw away prices”,
one, he gained 20% and on the other, he lost “Now get 1100 g Desi Ghee for the cost of just
20%. Find his total loss or gain. 1 kg.”,
Sol. S.P. of the first scooter = Rs 18000 “Get a Steel Glass free with every 500 g pack of
Gain = 20% tea”, etc.
100  S.P. When discount is given, a certain price is attached
Therefore, C.P. = to the article which the shopkeeper professes to be
(100  Profit %)
the cost of the article for the customer. This price is
100  18000
= Rs called the marked price (or list price). Then, the
(100  20) shopkeeper offers discount on this marked price.
100  18000 Customer pays the difference between the marked
= Rs price and the discount.
120
= Rs 100 × 150 Some useful formulae regarding Discount,
= Rs 15000 ... (i) Marked Price, Selling Price, etc.
S.P. of the second scooter = Rs 18000 1. Net Selling Price = Marked Price – Discount
Loss = 20% 2. Discount = Marked Price – Net Selling Price
100  S.P. 3. Marked Price = Net Selling Price + Discount
Therefore, C.P. =
(100  Loss%)  Discount 
4. Discount % =   × 100%
100  18000  Marked Price 
= Rs
(100  20) Discount %  M.P.
5. S.P. = M.P. –
100  18000 100
=
80  Discount % 
= Rs 100 × 225 6. S.P. = M.P. 1  
 100 
= Rs 22500 ... (ii)
Now, total C.P. = Rs 15000 + Rs 22500  100  Discount % 
7. S.P. = M.P.  
[From (i) and (ii)]  100 
= Rs 37500 100  S.P.
and total S.P. = 2 × Rs 18000 = Rs 36000 8. M.P. =
(100  Discount %)
Hence, loss = C.P. – S.P.
Let us now consider some examples to illustrate the
= Rs 37500 – Rs 36000
= Rs 1,500. above facts.

Ex.14 The cost price of 10 tables is equal to the EXAMPLES 

selling price of 8 tables. Find the loss or profit Ex.15 Marked price of a pen is Rs 20. It is sold at a
percent. discount of 15%. Find the discount allowed on
Sol. Let the C.P. of each table = Rs 100 the pen and its selling price.
 C.P. of 10 tables = Rs 1000
 S.P. of 8 tables = Rs 1000 Sol. Marked Price of the pen = Rs 20
1000 Rate of discount = 15%
So, S.P. of 1 table = Rs = Rs 125
8  Discount allowed = 15% of Rs 20
 Profit on 1 table = Rs 125 – Rs 100 = Rs 25 15
= × Rs 20 = Rs 3
25 100
or Profit percent = × 100 = 25%.
100 Therefore, selling price of the pen
= Rs 20 – Rs 3 = Rs 17.

 DISCOUNT Ex.16 A chain with marked price Rs 1,200 was sold

to a customer for Rs 1,000. Find the rate of
We read advertisements in our day-to-day life in discount allowed on the chain.
newspapers. magazines, banners, posters given by Sol. Marked Price = Rs 1200
various companies and shopkeepers declaring Selling Price = Rs 1000
discounts such as : Discount = Rs 1200 – Rs 1000 = Rs 200
“Off Season Discount”, Discount
“Grand Puja Discount”, Rate of discount = × 100%
M.P.
 200 Profit = 25% of Rs 2100
= × 100% = 16.66%
1200 25
= Rs × 2100 = Rs 525
100
Ex.17 A shopkeeper offers 15% season discount to
 S.P. of the suit = Rs (2100 + 525)
the customers and still makes a profit of 19%.
What is the cost price for the shopkeeper on a = Rs 2625
saree marked at Rs 2,240 ? Let the marked price be Rs 100.
Sol. M.P. = Rs 2240 Then, Discount = 12.5% of Rs 100
Rate of discount = 15%
12.5
15 = × 100 = Rs 12.50
Discount allowed = Rs × 2240 = Rs 336 100
100
Thus, S.P. of the saree = Rs (2240 – 336)  S.P. = Rs (100 – 12.50) = Rs 87.50
= Rs 1904 Now, if S.P. is Rs 87.50, M.P. = Rs 100
Now, profit % of the shopkeeper = 19% 100
100  S.P. If S.P. is Rs 2625, M.P. = Rs × 2625
Therefore, C.P. = 87.50
(100  Profit %)
100  2625  100
100  1904 =
= Rs 8750
(100  19)
= Rs 3000
100  1904
= Rs Thus, the marked price of the ladies suit is
119
= Rs 100 × 16 = Rs 1600 Rs 3,000.
Thus, the cost price of the saree is Rs 1,600. Alternate Method : (after S.P. in above)
Let the marked price be Rs x.
Ex.18 A Jacket was sold for Rs 680 after allowing a 100  S.P.
discount of 15% on the marked price. Find the We have M.P. =
marked price of the Jacket. (100  Discount %)
Sol. Let M.P. be Rs x. 100  2625 262500
or x= =
 Discount = 15% on Rs x (100  12.5) 87.5
15 3x = Rs 3000
= Rs × x = Rs
100 20 Thus, the marked price of the suit is Rs 3,000
 3x   20 x  3x   SALES TAX
 S.P. = Rs  x   = Rs  
 20   20  Sales tax is an indirect tax. In purchasing of
17 x some specified items from the market, we have
= Rs to pay a certain extra amount (at a rate
20
specified by the Government), in addition to
According to the given condition,
the cost of the item. This additional amount is
17 x called sales tax.
= 680
20  Working Rules
680  20 Sales tax is calculated on the selling price in the
or x= = Rs 800 same way as we calculate percentage.
17
Thus, marked price of the Jacket is Rs 800. EXAMPLES 
Ex.20 Amar buys a pair of shoes costing Rs 470. If
the rate of sales tax is 7%, calculate the total
Ex.19 Abbas and Tony run a ready-made garments amount payable by him for shoes.
shop. They mark the garments at such a price Sol. Rate of sales tax = 7%
that even after allowing a discount of 12.5%, 7
Sales tax = Rs × 470
gain a profit of 25%. Find the marked price of a 100
ladies suit which costs them Rs 2,100. 3290
= = Rs 32.90
Sol. First method : C.P. of a suit = Rs 2100 100
Hence, total amount to be paid = Rs 470 + Rs 32.90
 = Rs 502.90 (i) Simple Interest
Ex.21 Rakesh purchased a cycle for Rs 660 including Pr incipal  Rate of int erest  Time
=
sales tax. If the rate of sales tax is 10%, find the 100
selling price of cycle. (ii) Amount = Principal + Simple Interest.
Sol. Let the selling price be Rs x.
Sales tax = 10% of x Compound Interest :
10 x To understand compound interest, we consider
= ×x= the following example -
100 10 “A man lends Rs 5,000 to a finance company at
 Amount to be paid for the cycle 10% per annum. What interest does he get after
x 11x one year ? What will be the amount then ? At
=x+ =
10 10 the end of the year, if he decides to deposit the
11x whole sum (amount after one year) for another
Now, = 660 (given) year, what interest does he get at the end of the
10
660  10 second year ?”
Therefore, x= = 600 5000  1  10
11 Interest after one year = Rs
Hence, the selling price of the cycle is Rs 600. 100
= Rs 500
Ex.22 Nazim purchases a motorcycle, having marked  Amount after one year = Rs 5000 + Rs 500
price of Rs 46,000 at a discount 5%. If sales tax = Rs 5500.
is charged at 10%, find the amount Nazim has When the deposit is Rs 5,500 in the company
to pay to purchase the motorcycle. for one more year, the amount of Rs 5,500 due
Sol. Marked price of motor cycle = Rs 46000 at the end of first year becomes the principal
Discount = 5% for the second year.
 Discounted price of motorcycle  Interest at the end of the second year
 5  5500  1  10
= Rs  46000  46000   = Rs = Rs 550
 100  100
= Rs (46000 – 2300) = Rs 43700 Thus, the interest for two years is
10 Rs 500 + Rs 550 = Rs 1050.
Sales tax on Rs 43700 = Rs 43700 × = Rs4370 We notice that the interest for the second year
100
Amount, Nazim has to pay for motorcycle is more than that for the first year.
= Rs (43700 + 4370) It is clear that in the second year, interest has
= Rs 48,070. been calculated on Rs 5500, which is equal to
Rs 5,000 (Principal at the beginning) + Rs 500
 COMPOUND INTER ES T (Interest for the first year). So, for the second
When we borrow money from a financial agency year, interest on the interest has also been
(bank, financial agency or individual), it is called calculated. Interest calculated in this manner is
the lender. known as compound interest.
The borrowed money is called the principal.
We have to pay some additional money together Computation of Compound Interest by Using
with the borrowed money for a certain time period, Formulae
for the benefit of using his or her money. The Formula 1 :
additional money that we pay is called the interest. Let P be the principal and the rate of interest be
If the principal remains the same for the whole loan R% per annum. If the interest is compounded
period (or time), then the interest is called the annually, then the amount A and the compound
simple interest. interest C.I. at the end of n years are given by
n
The interest together with the principal is called the  R 
amount. A = P 1  
 100 
If the principal does not remain the same for the
whole loan period due to addition of (compounding of)  R 
n 
interest to the principal after a certain interval of C.I. = A – P = P 1    1
 100  
time to form the new principal, then the interest so
obtained is called the compound interest.
Simple Interest : Formula 2 :
 Let P be the principal and the rate of interest be  Principal for the third year
R% per annum. If the interest is compounded
1102.50  1  5
annually, then the amount A and the compound = Rs
interest C.I. at the end of n years are given by 100

 R 
nk 5512.5
A = P 1   = Rs
 100 k 100
and, C.I. = A – P = Rs 55.13
 R 
nk  Amount after three years
= P 1    1 respectively.
 100k   = Rs 1102.50 + Rs 55.13
Here, interest is payable k times in a year. = Rs 1157.63
Particular Cases : Thus, Rs 1,000 will become Rs 1,157.63 in
Case 1 : When the interest is compound half- three years.
yearly or semi-annually.
In this case, k=2 Ex.24 Find the amount and the compound interest on
2n
 R  Rs 5,000 lent at compound interest at 5% per
   A = P 1  
 2  100  annum for one year if the interest is payable
 R 
2n  half-yearly.
and C.I. = P 1    1
 2  100   (Solve without using formulae)
Case 2 : When interest is compounded quarterly. Sol. Here, we calculate the compound interest for
In this case, k=4 the period of one year in such a way that
4n interest is calculated after six months. So, there
 R  will be two time intervals, each of six months,
 A = P 1  
 4  100  for the calculation of interest.
 4  First Interval of Six Months
R 
and C.I. = P 1    1 5000  5  1
 4  100   Interest on Rs 5000 for 6 months =
2  100
 = Rs 125
  Amount at the end of the first interval of
EXAMPLES 
six months
Ex.23 A man deposits Rs 1,000 in a savings bank
account. How much will it amount in three = Rs 5000 + Rs 125 = Rs 5125
years if the rate of interest is 5% per annum and Second Interval of Six Months
the interest is payable annually ? Amount at the end of the first interval of six
(Solve without using formulae)
Sol. Interest on Rs 1000 for the first year months will be taken as the principal for the
1000  1  5 second interval of six months.
= Rs
100 interest on Rs 5125 for 6 months
= Rs 10 × 1 × 5
5125  5  1 1025
= Rs. 50 = Rs = Rs
Amount after one year = Rs 1000 + Rs 50 2  100 8
= Rs 1050 = Rs 128.13
1050  1  5 Total interest on Rs 5000 for one year
 Interest for the second year =
100 = Rs 125 + Rs 128.13
105 = Rs 253.13.
= Rs = Rs 52.50
2 Amount at the end of one year
Amount after two years = Rs 1050 + Rs 52.50 = Rs 5000 + Rs 253.13
= Rs 1102.50 = Rs 5253.13.
Ex.25 Find the compound interest on Rs 90,000 for Rate (r) = 20% per annum
3 years at the rate of 10% per annum 20
compounded annually. = % or 10% per half year
2
Sol. P = Rs 90000 Time(n) = 2 years
n = 3 [ Interest is compounded annually] = 4 half years
r = 10% p.a. n
n  r 
 r  Since, A = P 1  
Since A = P 1    100 
 100  4
3  10 
 10   Amount = Rs 20000 × 1  
 A = Rs 90000 1    100 
 100  4
3  1
 1 = Rs 20000 × 1  
= Rs 90000 1    10 
 10  4
3  11 
 11  = Rs 20000 ×  
= Rs 90000    10 
 10 
11 11 11 11
11 11 11 = Rs 20000 × × × ×
= Rs 90000 × × × 10 10 10 10
10 10 10 = Rs 2 × 11 × 11 × 11 × 11
= Rs 90 × 11 × 11 × 11 = Rs 119790 = Rs 29282
Now, C.I. = A – P = Rs 119790 – Rs 90000  C.I. = A – P
= Rs 29,790.  Compound Interest = Rs (29282 – 20000)
Ex.26 Calculate the amount due in 3 years on = Rs 9282.
Rs 5,000, if the rates of compound interest for Ex.28 Find the compound interest on Rs 15,625 for
successive years are 7%, 8% and 10% 9 months at 16% per annum, compounded
respectively. quarterly.
5000  7  1 Sol. Here, Principal (P) = Rs 15625
Sol. Interest for 1st year = Rs = Rs 350
100 Rate (r) = 16% p.a.
and,amount at the end of 1st year = 4% per quarter
= Rs 5000 + Rs 350 Time (n) = 9 months
= Rs 5350 = 3 quarters
= Principal for 2nd year n
 r 
5350  8  1 Now, Amount, (A) = P 1  
Interest for 2nd year = Rs  100 
100 3
42800  4 
= Rs = Rs 428 = Rs 15625 1  
100  100 
and amount at the end of 2nd year 3
 1 
= Rs 5350 + Rs 428 = Rs 15625 1  
= Rs 5778  25 
= Principal for 3rd year 3
 26 
5778  10  1 = Rs 15625  
Interest for 3rd year = Rs  25 
100 26 26 26
57780 = Rs 15625 × × ×
= Rs = Rs 577.80 25 25 25
100 = Rs 26 × 26 × 26
and amount due at the end of 3rd year = Rs 17576
= Rs 5778 + Rs 577.80 Since, Compound Interest = Amount – Principal
= Rs 6,355.80.  C.I. = Rs 17576 – Rs 15625
Ex.27 Compute the compound interest on Rs 20,000 = Rs 1,951.
for 2 years at 20% per annum when Inverse Problems -
compounded half yearly. [To find Principal, Time or Rate of Interest]
Sol. Here,
Principal (P) = Rs 20000
Ex.29 A certain sum was borrowed at 15% per  129 
annum. If at the end of 2 years, Rs 1,290 was or P  = 1290
 400 
compounded as C.I., then find the sum
borrowed. 129  400
or P =
Sol. First Method : 129
Let the sum be Rs 100 or P = 10 × 400 = 4000
2 Hence, Principal = Rs 4,000.
 15 
Then, Amount = Rs 100 1   Ex.30 In how many years will Rs 800 amount to Rs
 100 
882 at 5% per annum compounded annually ?
  r  
n
Sol. Here, P = Rs 800
 Amount  P1   
 100   A = Rs 882
 r = 5% p.a.
2
 3  Let number of years be n.
= Rs 100 1   n
 20   r 
2
Since, A = P 1  
 23   100 
= Rs 100   n n
 20   5   1 
 882 = 800 1   = 800 1  
 23 23  529  100   20 
= Rs 100    = Rs
 20 20  4 882  1 
n

529 129 or = 1  
 Compound Interest = – 100 = Rs 800  20 
4 4 n
129 441  21 
If C.I. is Rs , then the sum borrowed or =  
4 400  20 
= Rs 100 n n
 21   21 
If C.I. is Rs 1, or   =  
 20   20 
4
then the sum borrowed = Rs 100 × [ 441 = 212 and 400 = 202]
129 Since the bases are same on both sides,
If C.I. is Rs 1290, then the sum borrowed hence n = 2
4 Since interest is compounded annually
= Rs 100 × × 1290
129  Time = 2 years.
= Rs 100 × 4 × 10 = Rs 4,000
Hence, the sum borrowed is Rs 4,000. Ex.31 Determine the rate percent per annum if
Alternate Method : Rs 25,000 amounts to 26,010 in 6 months,
 r 
n
 15 
2 interest being compounded quarterly.
Amount = P 1   = P 1   Sol. Here, n = 2 [ 6 months = 2 quarters]
 100   100  n
2 2  r 
 3   23  Now, A = P 1   , where r is the rate per
= P 1   = P    100 
 20   20  quarter.
23 23 2
=P× ×  r 
20 20  26010 = 25000 1  
 100 
 23 23 
 C.I. =  P    – P 2 2
 20 20   r  26010 2601  51 
or 1   = = = 
 529   100  25000 2500  50 
= P 1
 400   r  51
or 1  =
But, C.I. = Rs 1290  100  50
 529  r 51 51  50 1
 P  1 = 1290 or = –1= =
 400  100 50 50 50
 529  400  1
or P   = 1290 or r = × 100 = 2%
 400  50
Hence, the required rate is 2% p.a.
  TIME AND WORK 13
i.e., part of the work.
40
We use the principles of direct and indirect
40 1
variations to solve problems on ‘time and So, they both will take days 3 days to
13 13
work’, such as :
complete the work. Hence, the complete work
“More men do more work and less men do less
1
work” (Direct variation) will be finished by them together in 3 days.
13
“More men take less time to do a work and less
men take more time to do the same work.”
Ex.33 Kshitij can do a piece of work in 20 days and
(Indirect variation)
Rohan can do the same work in 15 days. They
The problems on “time and work” are divided
work together for 5 days and then Rohan
in two categories:
leaves. In how many days will Kshitij alone
(i) To find the work done in a given period of
finish the remaining work ?
time.
Sol. Since, Kshitij completes the work in 20 days
(ii) To find the time required to complete a
1
given job.  Kshitij’s 1 day work = part
20
 Working Rules Now, Rohan completes the work in 15 days.

We shall use the unitary method by considering 1

Similarly, Rohan’s 1 day work = part
15
the following fundamental rules for solving
 Their combined work for 1 day
problems regarding time and work :
(i) A complete job or work is taken to be one. 1 1 3 4 7
= + = =
20 15 60 60
(ii) Time to complete a work
 Their combined work for 5 days
Total work to be done
=. 7 7
Part of the work done in one day =5× = part
60 12
EXAMPLES  Remaining work
= Complete work – Work done in 5 days
Ex.32 Ratan takes 5 days to complete a certain job
and shankar takes 8 days to do the same job. If 7
= 1–
both of them work together, how long will they 12
take to complete the work ? 12  7 5
= = part
Sol. Since, Ratan takes 5 days to complete the given 12 12
work Now, the remaining work is to be completed by
1 Kshitij alone.
 Ratan finishes part in 1 day.
5 Kshitij can complete the whole work in 20
Similarly, Shankar takes 8 days to complete the days.
work.
5 5 
1 So, he will complete work in   20 
Therefore, Shankar finishes part in 1 day. 12  12 
8
 In a day, they together will finish 25 1
days, i.e., days or 8 days.
1 1 85 13 3 3
= + = =
5 8 40 40
Ex.34 A and B can do a piece of work in 10 days; B  24 
Hence, B can complete the work in 1  
and C in 15 days; C and A in 12 days. How  1 
long would A and B take separately to do the days, i.e., 24 days.
same work ?
Sol. A and B can complete the work in 10 days. Ex.35 A contractor undertakes to construct a road in
1 20 days and engages 12 workers. After 16 days,
 (A and B)’s one day work = part 2
10 he finds that only part of the work has been
3
Similarly, done. How many more workers should he now
1 engage in order to finish the job in time ?
(B and C)’s one day work = part
15 2
Sol. From the question, it is clear that part of the
1 3
(C and A)’s one day work = part work has been completed by 12 workers in 16
12
days.
Adding up, we get 2 1
 Remaining work = 1 – =
2(A and B and C)’s work in 1 day 3 3
1 1 1 Remaining number of days = 20 – 16 = 4
=     part 1
 10 15 12  Thus, part of the work is to be finished in
3
6  4  5 15 1 4 days.
= = = part
60 60 4  Number of workers required to complete
 (A and B and C) can do in 1 day 2
part of work in 16 days = 12
1 1 1 3
= × = part Number of workers required to complete 1
4 2 8 work in 16 days
Now, 3
= 12 × × 16
Part of work A can do in 1 day 2
= (1 day work of A and B and C) Number of workers required to complete
– (1 day work of B and C) 1
work in 1 day
3
1  1  3 1
=   
 8   15  = 12 × × 16 ×
2 3
15  8 7 1
= = part Number of workers required to complete
120 120 3
work in 4 days
 120 
Hence, A can complete the work in 1   3 1 1
 7  = 12 × × 16 × ×
2 3 4
120 1  Number of additional workers required
days, i.e. , or 17 days.
7 7 = 24 – 12 = 12
Hence, the contractor will have to engage
Similarly,
Part of the work B can do in 1 day 12 more workers to complete the work in time.
= (1 day work of A and B and C)
– (1 day work of A and C)
1  1  32 1
=   = =
 8   12  24 24
 EXERCISE # 1
Q.12 270% candidates appeared for an examination,
Q.1 The ratio 5 : 4 expressed as a percent equals: of which 252 passed. The pass percentage is :
(A) 12.5% (B) 40% 1
(A) 80% (B) 83 %
(C) 80% (D) 125% 2
1 1
Q.2 3.5 can expressed in terms of percentage as: (C) 90 % (D) 93 %
3 3
(A) 0.35% (B) 3.5%
(C) 35% (D) 350%
Q.13 5 out of 2250 parts of earth is sulphur. What is
Q.3 Half of 1 percent written as a decimal is : the percentage of sulphur in earth?
11 2 1 2
(A) 0.005 (B) 0.05 (C) 0.02 (D) 0.2 (A) (B) (C) (D)
50 9 45 45
Q.4 What is 15 percent of Rs. 34 ?
(A) Rs. 3.40 (B) Rs. 3.75 Q.14 What percent of 7.2 kg is 18 gms ?
(A) .025% (B) .25%
(C) Rs. 4.50 (D) Rs. 5.10
(C) 2.5% (D) 25%
4
Q.5 63% of 3 is: Q.15 0.01 is what percent of 0.1 ?
7
(A) 2.25 (B) 2.40 (C) 2.50 (D) 2.75 1 1
(A) (B)
100 10
Q.6 88% of 370 + 24% of 210 – ? = 118 (C) 10 (D) 100
(A) 256 (B) 258 (C) 268 (D) 358
Q.16 What percent of Rs. 2650 is Rs. 1987.50 ?
Q.7 860% of 50 + 50% of 860 = ? (A) 60% (B) 75%
(A) 430 (B) 516 (C) 860 (D) 960 (C) 80% (D) 90%

Q.8 45% of 750 – 25% of 480 = ? Q.17 What percent of a day is 3 hours?
(A) 216 (B) 217.50 1 2
(A) 12 % (B) 16 %
(C) 236.50 (D) 245 10 3
2 1
(C) 18 % (D) 12 %
Q.9 40% of 1640 + ? = 35% of 980 + 150% of 850 3 2
(A) 372 (B) 842
(C) 962 (D) 1052 Q.18 It costs Rs. 1 to photocopy a sheet of paper.
However, 2% discount is allowed on all
Q.10 218% of 1674 = ? × 1800 photocopies done after first 1000 sheets. How
(A) 0.5 (B) 4 much will it cost to copy 5000 sheets of paper?
(C) 6 (D) None of these (A) Rs. 3920 (B) Rs. 3980
(C) Rs. 4900 (D) Rs. 4920
Q.11 60% of 264 is the same as :
(A) 10% of 44 Q.19 A housewife saved Rs. 2.50 in buying an item
(B) 15% of 1056 on sale. If she spent Rs. 25 for the item,
approximately how much percent she saved in
(C) 30% of 132
the transaction ?
(D) None of these
(A) 8% (B) 9% (C) 10% (D) 11%
Q.20 How many litres of pure acid are there in 8 Q.28 A cistern can be filled by one tap in 4 hours and
litres of a 20% solution ? by another in 3 hours. How long will it take to
(A) 1.4 (B) 1.5 (C) 1.6 (D) 2.4 fill it if both taps are opened together ?

Q.29 Pipe A can fill an empty tank in 6 hours and

Q.21 Amit can do a piece of work in 4 days and
pipe B in 8 hours. if both the pipes are opened
Sumit can do it in 6 days. How long will they
and after 2 hours pipe A is closed, how much
take, if both Amit and Sumit work together ? time B will take to fill the remaining tank ?

Q.22 Kami, Karya and Kirti can together weave a Q.30 A pipe can fill a cistern in 6 hours. Due to a
carpet in 4 days. Kami by herself can weave the leak in the bottom it is filled in 7 hours. When
same sized carpet in 12 days and Kirti can do it the cistern in full, in how much time will it be
emptied by the leak ?
in 10 days. How long will Karya take to do the
work by herself ?
Q.31 A tank can be filled by two taps A and B in
12 hours and 16 hours respectively. The full
Q.23 A can do a piece of work in 25 days and B can tank can be emptied by a third tap in 8 hours. if
finish it in 20 days. They work together for 5 all the taps be turned on t the same time, in how
days and then A goes away. In how many days much time will the empty tank be filled by
will B finish the remaining work ? completely ?

Q.24 A and B can polish the floors of a building in Q.32 If 23% of a is 46, then find a.
1
25 days, A alone can do of this job in 15 Q.33 72% of 25 students are good at Mathematics.
3
How many are not good at it ?
days. In how many ays can B alone polish the
floors of the building ? Q.34 If Chameli had Rs 600 left after spending 75%
of her money, how much did she have in the
Q.25 15 boys earn Rs 900 in 5 days, how much will beginning ?
20 boys earn in 7 days ?
Q.35 Malvika gets 98 marks in her exams. This
amounts to 56% of the total marks. What are
Q.26 Spinning 3 hours daily, Kanta can spin 2 kg
the maximum marks ?
cotton-balls in 12 days. Spinning 4 hours daily,
how many days will she take to spin 10 kg Q.36 A certain company has 80 employees who are
cotton balls ? engineers. In this company engineers constitute
40% of its work force. how many people are
Q.27 Somari sweeps 600 m long railway platform in employed in the company ?
1 2
2 hours. His wife Imarati sweeps rd of the
2 3 Q.37 Kishan spends 30% of his salary on food and
1 donates 3% of his salary in a temple. In a
same platform in 1 hours. Who sweeps more
2 particular month, he spends Rs 231 on these
speedily ? two items. What is his total salary for this
month ?
Q.38 A man loses 20% of his money. After spending Q.48 A man purchases two fans for Rs 2160.By
25% of the remainder, he has Rs 480.00 left. selling one fan at a profit of 15% and the other
How much money did he originally have ? at a los of 9% he neither gains nor losses in the
whole transaction. Find the cost price of each
Q.39 A man bought an article and sold it at a gain of fan.
10%. If he had bought it at 20% less and sold it
for Rs 10 more, he would have made a profit of Q.49 If a man were to seel his hand-cart for Rs 720,
40%. Find the C.P. of the article ? he would lose 25%. What must he sell it for to
gain 25% ?
Q.40 The value of a machine depreciates every year Q.50 A toy was sold at a gain of 12%. Had it been
by 10%. What will be its value after 2 years if sold for Rs 33 more, the gain would have been
its present value is Rs 50,000 ? 14%. Find the cost price of the toy ?

Q.41 The population of a town increases by 6%

every year. If the present population is 15900,
find its population a year ago.

Q.42 A number is increased by 10% and then it is

decreased by 10%. Find the net increase or
decrease percent.

Q.43 A shopkeeper buys a toy for Rs 250 and sells it

for Rs 285. Find his gain and gain percent.

Q.44 Rishi bought a wrist watch for Rs 2200 and

sold it for Rs 1980. Find has loss and loss
percent.

Q.45 If the cost price of 18 mangoes is the same as

the selling price of 16 mangoes, find the gain
percent.

Q.46 A girl buys lemons at 4 for Rs 3 and sells them

at 5 for Rs 4. How much percent loss or gain
does she make ?

Q.47 A person sells an article for Rs 550, gaining

1
of its C.P. Find gain percent.
10
 ANSWER KEY
EXERCISE # 1
Q.No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Ans. D D A D A B C B C D B D B A C B D D B C

21. 12/5 days 22. 15 days 23. 11 days 24. 225/4 days 25. Rs. 1680
2
26. 45 days 27. 266 m 28. 12/7 hrs. 29. 10/3 hrs. 30. 42 hrs.
3
31. 48 hrs. 32. 200 33. 18 34. 2400 35. 175
36. 200 37. 700 38. Rs. 800 39. 500 40. Rs. 40050
41. 15000 42. 1% 43. Rs. 35 & 14% 44. Rs. 220 & 10% 45. 12.5%
20
46. % 47. 10% 48. Rs. 1350 49. 1200 50.1650
3
 EXERCISE # 2
Q.1 Rajeev buys goods worth Rs. 6650. He gets a (C) 139.425 (D) 200
rebate of 6% on it. After getting the rebate, he Q.13 An agent gets a commission of 2.5% on the
pays sales tax @ 10%. Find the amount he sell of cloth. If on a certain day, he gets
will have to pay for the goods. Rs. 12.50 as commission, the cloth sold
(A) Rs. 6876.10 (B) Rs. 6999.20 through him on that day is worth
(C) Rs. 6654 (D) Rs.7000 (A) Rs. 250 (B) Rs. 500
(C) Rs. 750 (D) Rs. 1250
Q.2 Which one of the following shows the best
2
percentage ? Q.14 If Rs. 2800 is percent of the value of a
7
384 425 570 480
(A) (B) (C) (D) house, the worth of the house (in Rs.) is :
540 500 700 660
(A) 8,00,000 (B) 9,80,000
(C) 10,00,000 (D) 12,00,000
Q.3 5% of (25% of Rs. 1600) is -
(A) Rs. 5 (B) Rs. 17.50 Q.15 15% of (?)% of 582 = 17.46
(C) Rs. 20 (D) Rs. 25 (A) 2 (B) 10
1 (C) 20 (D) None of these
Q.4 0.15% of 33 % of Rs. 10,000 is -
3 Q.16 784 + ? = 78% of 500 :
(A) Rs. 0.05 (B) Rs. 5
(A) 342 (B) 352 (C) 362 (D) 372
(C) Rs. 105 (D) Rs. 150
Q.17 If 120 is 20% of a number, then 120% of that
Q.5 30% of 28% of 480 is the same as - number will be:
(A) 15% of 56% of 240 (A) 20 (B) 120 (C) 360 (D) 720
(B) 60% of 28% of 240
Q.18 If 35% of a number is 175, then what percent
(C) 60% of 56% of 240
of 175 is that number ?
(D) None of these
(A) 35% (B) 65%
Q.6 What is 25% of 25% equal to ? (C) 280% (D) None of these
(A) 0.00625 (B) 0.0625 Q.19 Two-fifth of one-third of three-seventh of a
(C) 0.625 (D) 6.25 number is 15. What is 40 percent of that
number?
Q.7 What percent is 3% of 5% ?
(A) 72 (B) 84
(A) 15% (B) 30% (C) 50% (D) 60%
(C) 136 (D) None of these
Q.8 4598 is 95% of ? Q.20 The difference between a number and its
(A) 4800 (B) 4840 (C) 4850 (D) 4880 two-fifth is 510. What is 10% of that number?
(A) 12.75 (B) 85
Q.9 ?% of 360 = 129.6 (C) 204 (D) None of these
(A) 36 (B) 64 (C) 72 (D) 77
Q.21 If 15% of 40 is greater than 25% of a number
Q.10 ?% of 932 + 30 = 309.6 by 2, then the number is :
(A) 25 (B) 30 (C) 35 (D) 40 (A) 12 (B) 16 (C) 24 (D) 32
Q.22 Subtracting 40% of a number from the
Q.11 45% of 1500 + 35% of 1700 = ?% of 3175
number, we get the result as 30. The number
(A) 30 (B) 35
is :
(C) 45 (D) None of these
(A) 28 (B) 50 (C) 52 (D) 70
Q.12 65% of ? = 20 % of 422.50 Q.23 If 35% of a number is 12 less than 50% of
(A) 84.5 (B) 130 that number, then the number is :
 (A) 40 (B) 50 (C) 60 (D) 80 Q.34 A shopkeeper buy an article for Rs. 2090.42.
Approximately, what will be the percentage
Q.24 The number which exceeds 16% of it by 42 profit if the sold that article for Rs. 2602.58 ?
is: (A) 15% (B) 20% (C) 25% (D) 30%
(A) 50 (B) 52 (C) 58 (D) 60 Q.35 Alfred buys an old scooter for Rs. 4700 and
spends Rs. 800 on its repairs. If he sells the
Q.25 What percentage of numbers from 1 to 70
scooter for Rs. 5800, his gain percent is :
have squares that end in the digit 1 ?
(A) 1 (B) 14 (C) 20 (D) 21 4 5
(A) 4 % (B) 5 % (C) 10% (D) 12%
7 11
Q.26 By how much percent is four-fith of 70
less than five-seventh of 112 ? Q.36 A shopkeeper purchased 70 kg of potatoes for
(A) 24% (B) 30% (C) 36% (D) 42% Rs. 420 and sold the whole lot at the rate of
Rs. 6.50 per kg. What will be his gain
Q.27 If a number x is 10% less than another percent?
number y and y is 10% more than 125, then x
1 1 1
is equal to: (A) 4 % (B) 6 % (C) 8 % (D) 20%
6 4 3
(A) 123.75 (B) 140.55
(C) 143 (D) 150 Q.37 Sam purchased 20 dozens of toys at the rate
Q.28 If 75% of a number is added to 75, then the of Rs. 375 per dozen. He sold each one of
result is the number itself. The number is : them at the rate of Rs. 33. What was his
(A) 50 (B) 60 (C) 300 (D) 400 percentage profit ?
(A) 3.5 (B) 4.5
Q.29 A number, when 35 is subtracted from it,
(C) 6.5 (D) None of these
reduces to its 80 percent. What is four-fifth of
that number ? Q.38 100 oranges are bought at the rate of Rs. 350
(A) 70 (B) 90 (C) 120 (D) 140 and sold at the rate of Rs. 48 per dozen. The
percentage of profit or loss is :
Q.30 Which of the following multipliers will cause
2
a number to be increased by 29.7% ? (A) 14 % gain (B) 15% gain
(A) 1.297 (B) 12.97 (C) 129.7 (D) 1297 7
2
Q.31 I gain 70 paise on Rs. 70. My gain percent is : (C) 14 % loss (D) 15% loss
7
(A) 0.1% (B) 1% (C) 7% (D) 10%
Q.39 A man buys a cycle for Rs. 1400 and sells it
Q.32 In terms of percentage profit, which is the at a loss of 15%. What is the selling price of
best transaction ? the cycle ?
C.P. (in Rs.) Profit (in Rs.) (A) Rs. 1090 (B) Rs. 1160
(A) 36 17 (C) Rs. 1190 (D) Rs. 1202
(B) 50 24
(C) 40 19 Q.40 A sells an article which costs him Rs. 400 to
(D) 60 29 B at a profit of 20%. B then sells it to C,
making a profit of 10% on the price he paid to
Q.33 If books bought at prices ranging from Rs.200 A. How much does C pay B ?
to Rs. 350 are sold at prices ranging from (A) Rs. 472 (B) Rs. 476
Rs.300 to Rs. 425, what is the greatest (C) Rs. 528 (D) Rs. 532
possible profit that might be made in selling
eight books ? Q.41 Peter purchased a machine for Rs. 80,000 and
(A) Rs. 400 spent Rs. 5000 on repair and Rs. 1000 on
(B) Rs. 600 transport and sold it with 25% profit. At what
(C) Cannot be determined price did he sell the machine ?
(D) None of these (A) Rs. 1,05,100 (B) Rs. 1,06,250
(C) Rs. 1,07,500 (D) Rs. 1,17, 500
Q.42 By selling an article for Rs. 100, a man gains (i) M.P. = Rs 625 and S.P. = Rs 562.50
Rs. 15. Then, his gain% is: (ii) M.P. = Rs 1600 and S.P. = Rs 1180
2 11 1 Q.51 At a clearance sale, all goods are on sale at
(A) 15% (B) 12 % (C)17 % D) 17 %
3 17 4 45% discount. If I buy a skirt marked Rs 600,
how much would I need to pay ?
Q.43 When a commodity is sold for Rs. 34.80, Q.52 A shopkeeper offers his customers 10%
there is a loss of 2%. What is the cost price of discount and still makes a profit of 26%.
the commodity ? What is the actual cost to him of an article
(A) Rs. 26.10 (B) Rs. 43 marked Rs 280 ?
(C) Rs. 43.20 (D) Rs. 46.40
Q.53 A shopkeeper marks his goods at such a price
1 that after allowing a discount of 12.5% for
Q.44 A shopkeeper expects a gain of 22 % on his
2 cash payment, he still makes a profit of 10%.
cost price. If in a week, his sale was of Rs. Find the marked price of an article which
392, what was his profit ? costs him Rs 245.
(A) Rs. 18.20 (B) Rs. 70 Q.54 A dealer buys an article for Rs 380. At what
(C) Rs. 72 (D) Rs. 88.25 price must he mark it so that after allowing a
discount of 5%, he still makes a profit of 25% ?
Q.45 The sale price of an article including the sales
tax is Rs. 616. The rate of sales tax is 10%. If Q.55 A tradesman allows a discount of 15% on the
the shopkeeper has made a profit of 12%, written price. How much above the cost price
then the cost price of the article is : must he mark his goods to make a profit of
(A) Rs. 500 (B) Rs. 515 19% ?
(C) Rs 550 (D) Rs. 600
Q.56 I mark up the computers I am selling by 20%
Q.46 Saransh purchased 120 reams of paper at Rs. and sell them at a discount of 15%. What is
80 per ream. He spent Rs. 280 on my net gain percent ?
transportation, paid octroi at rate of 40 paise
Q.57 Articles are marked at a price which gives a
per ream and paid Rs. 72 to the coolie. If he profit of 25%. After allowing a certain
wants to have a gain of 8%, what must be the 1
selling price per ream ? discount, the profit reduces to 12 %. Find
2
(A) Rs. 86 (B) Rs. 87.48 the discount percent.
(C) Rs. 89 (D) Rs. 90
Q.58 A cycle merchant allows 25% commission on
Q.47 A person bought 20 litres of milk at the rate his advertised price and still makes a profit of
of Rs. 8 per litre. He got it churned after 20%. If he gains Rs 60 over the sale of one
spending Rs. 10 and 5 kg of cream and 20 cycle, find his advertised price.
litres of toned milk were obtained. If he sold
the cream at Rs. 30 per kg and toned milk at Q.59 How much percent more than the C.P. should
Rs. 4 per litre, his profit in the transation is: a manufacturer mark his goods so that after
allowing a discount of 20% on the marked
(A) 25% (B) 35.3%
price, he gains 10% ?
(C) 37.5% (D) 42.5%
Q.60 A shopkeeper allows a discount of 10% to his
Q.48 Find S.P. if customers and still gains 20%. Find the
(i) M.P. = Rs 650 and Discount = 10% marked price of an article which costs Rs 450
(ii) M.P. = Rs 5450 and Discount = 5% to the shopkeeper.
Q.49 Find the M.P. if Q.61 A dealer of scientific instruments allows 20%
(i) S.P. = Rs 3430 and Discount = 2% discount on the marked price of the
1 instruments and still makes a profit of 25%. If
(ii) S.P. = Rs 9250 and Discount = 7 % his gain over the sale of an instrument is Rs
2
150, find the marked price of the instrument.
Q.50 Find discount in percent when
Q.62 Find the compound interest on Rs 1000 for Q.74 In what time will Rs 800 amount to Rs 882 at
two years at 4% per annum. 5% per annum compounded annually ?
Q.63 Find the compound interest on Rs 8000 for
1 Q.75 At what rate percent per annum, compound
1 years at 10% per annum, interest being interest will Rs 10000 amount to Rs 13310 in
2
payable half-yearly. three years ?
Q.64 Vijay obtains a loan of Rs 64000 against his
fixed deposits. if the rate of interest be 2.5 Q.76 Reena borrowed from kamal certain sum for
paise per rupee per annum, calculate the two years at simple interest. Reena lent this
compound interest payable after 3 years. sum to Hamid at the same rate for two years
compound interest. At the end of two years
Q.65 Simple interest on a sum of money for 3 years she received Rs 110 as compound interest but
1 paid Rs 100 as simple interest. Find the sum
at 6 % per annum is Rs 2400. What will be
4 and rate of interest.
the compound interest on that sum at the
same rate for the same period ? Q.77 The population of a town is increasing at the
rate of 5% per annum. What will be the
Q.66 Compute the compound interest on Rs 12000 population of the town on this basis after two
for 2 years at 20% per annum when years, if the present population is 16000 ?
compounded half-yearly.
Q.78 The population of a village is 20000. If the
Q.67 Find the compound interest on Rs 1000 at the annual birth rate is 4% and the annual death
rate of 10% per annum for 18 months when rate 2%, calculate the population after two
interest is compounded half-yearly. years.
Q.68 Find the compound interest on Rs 320000 for Q.79 The population of a town was 160000 three
one year at the rate of 20% per annum, if the years ago. If it had increased by 3%, 2.5%
interest is compounded quarterly. and 5% in the last three years, find the present
population of the town.
Q.69 Ramesh deposited Rs 7500 in a bank which
pays him 12% interest per annum Q.80 The present population of a city is 9261000.
compounded quarterly. What is the amount if it has been increasing at the rate of 5% per
which he receives after 9 months ? annum, find its population 3 years ago.
Q.70 Ram Singh buys a refrigerator for Rs 4000 on
credit. The rate of interest for the first year is Q.81 In a factory the production of scooters rose to
5% and of the second year is 15%. How much 48400 from 40000 in 2 years. Find the rate of
will it cost him if he pays the amount after growth per annum.
two years ? Q.82 The bacteria in a culture grows by 10% in the
Q.71 Find the compound interest on Rs 24000 at first hour, decreases by 10% in the second
hour and again increases by 10% in the third
1
15% per annum for 2 years. hour. If the original count of the bacteria in a
3
sample is 10000, find the bacterial count at
Q.72 Find the principal, if the compound interest the end of 3 hours.
compounded annually at the rate of 10% per
Q.83 10000 workers were employed to construct a
annum for three years is Rs 331.
river bridge in four years. At the end of first
Q.73 The difference between the compound year, 10% workers were retrenched. At the
interest and simple interest on a certain sum end of the second year, 5% of the workers at
of money at 10% per annum for 2 years is Rs that time were retrenched. However to
500. Find the sum when the interest is complete the project in time, the number of
compounded annually. workers was increased by 10% at the end of
 the third year. How many workers were the first two years and at the rate of 20% a
working during the fourth year ? year thereafter. What will be the price of the
car after 3 years ?
Q.84 A factory increased its production of three
Q.87 The value of a property increases every year
wheelers from 80000 in 1999 to 92610 in
at the rate of 5%. If its value at the end of 3
2002. Find the annual rate of growth of
years be Rs 411540, what was its original
production of three wheelers.
value at the beginning of these years ?
Q.85 Given that Carbon – 14(C14) decays at a
Q.88 Afridi purchased an old scooter for Rs 16000.
constant rate in such a way that it reduces to If the cost of scooter after 2 years depreciates
50% in 5568 years. Find the age of an old to Rs 14440, find the rate of depreciation.
wooden piece in which the carbon is only
12.5% of the original.
Q.86 A new car costs Rs 360000. Its price
depreciates at the rate of 10% a year during

ANSWER KEY
EXERCISE # 2

Q.No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Ans. A B C B B B D B A B D B B B C C D D D B
Q.No 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
Ans. B B D A C B C C D A B D D C B C D A C C
Q.No 41 42 43 44 45 46 47
Ans. C C D C A D B

48. (i) 585 Rs, (ii) 5177.5 Rs 49. (i) 3500 Rs; (ii) 10,000 Rs
50. (i) 10% ; (ii) 26.25% 51. 330 52. 200 53. 308
54. 500 55. 40% 56. 2% 57. 10% 58. 480
59.37.5% 60. 600 61. 937.5 62. 81.6 63. 1261
64.2155.06 65. 2553.13 66. 5569.20 67. 157.63 68. 68962
69.8195.45 70. 4830 71. 9327 72. 1000 73. 50000
74.2 years 75. 10% 76. 250 & 20% 77. 17640 78. 20808
79.177366 80. 8000000 81. 10% 82. 10890 83. 9405
84. 5% 85. 16704 86. 233280 87. 355503.72 88. 5%