DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE FLAT SLAB USING EUROCODE

WORK EXAMPLE

floor slab in a building where stability is provided by shear walls. The slab is with has drops and is supported
internally by square columns. Using the design data below.
Characteristics imposed loading on the floor is = 5 KN/m2
Fire Resistance, REI = R120mins
Slab thickness = 200mm
Nominal cover, C = 35
Concrete Class = C25/30
Fck = 25
Fyk = 500N/mm2
Slab drop = 100mm
Area of slab = 6.5m x 6.5m
Column size = 450mm x 450mm
Drop panel area = 2.5m x 2.5m
Main bar size = 12mm
Characteristics unit weight of concrete = 25KN/m3
3000mm 6500mm 6500mm 6500mm 3000mm

3000mm
6500mm
6500mm
6500mm
3000mm
Middle strip

6500 mm
Column
strip
Middle strip

6500mm
Column
strip

Column Column
strip Middle strip strip
 2500 mm 2500mm

200mm
300mm

1200mm
Column head

6500mm

DESIGN DATA

Column centre = 6500 mm

Variable action, Qk = 5KN/mm2
Fck = 25KN/mm2
Fyk = 500N/mm2
Slab thickness =250 mm
Drop panel = 100 mm
Column head Ø = 1200 mm
Unit weight of concrete = 25KN/m³
Assume
Concrete cover/Nominal cover, C = 25 mm
Main bar size, Ø =20 mmm
Effective depth, d =?
REF. CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

Main Design Stages

1. Flexural Reinforcement
For column
 Column strip
 Middle strip

Determination of actions
Characteristics permanent action, Gk = slab thickness * unit weight of conc. * Area of
slab to be design
Gk for slab = 0.20m * 25KN/m³ * 6.5²m
Gk for slab = 211.25KN
Gk for drop panel = 0.1m * 25KN/m³*2.5²m
= 15.63KN
Total Permanent Action,Gk = Gk for slab + Gk for drop panel
Gk = 211.25KN + 15.63KN
Gk = 226.88KN

Characteristics Variable Action Qk qk x Area to be design

= 5KN/m²* 6.5²m
Qk = 211.3 KN .
CHECK
𝑄𝑘
≤ 1.25
𝐺𝑘
211.3
= 0.931
226.88

Using equation 6.1b

Ultimate load on the floor, F
𝐹 = 1.25𝐺𝑘 + 1.5𝑄𝑘
F = 1.3*226.88 + 1.5*211.3
F = 623.24 KN per panel

Equivalent Distribution Load, (UDL)

𝑈𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 (𝐹)

𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 𝑡𝑜 𝑏𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛
623.24
= 14.75KN/𝑚
6.52
REF. CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

Effective Length/span = L
𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 𝑎𝑡 𝑑𝑟𝑜𝑝 𝑜𝑛 𝑒𝑖𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑒𝑛𝑑 ∗ 2
𝐿 = 𝐶𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑠, (𝑋) +
2
0.350 ∗ 2
𝐿 = (6.5 − (0.6 + 0.6)) +
2
𝐿 = 5.6𝑚

Check
1. If slabs area of each bay exceeds 30 m², 6.5*6.5 = 42.25m²
2. Since Variable Action is less than Permanent Action
i.e 𝑄𝑘 ≤ 𝐺𝑘 211.3KN < 226.88KN
3. 𝑄𝑘 ≤ 1.25 𝐺𝑘 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑞𝑘 ≤ 5𝐾𝑁/𝑚2

Whence using Table 3 of Eurocode 2 Design of Reinforced concrete structures, to

Determined moment
End support/slab connection First interior Interior Interior
support spans supports
Pinned Continuous

End End span End End span

support support

Moment 0 0.086Fl – 0.04Fl 0.075Fl – 0.086Fl 0.063Fl – 0.063Fl

Centre of interior span

Positive moment = 0.063FL
= 0.063 * 623.24 * 5.6
= 219.879KNm
2.5 2.5
Middle strip = 6.5 − + = 4𝑚
2 2

Distribution Factor of the positive moment obtained on both the mid-span and the
column strip
The width of the middle strip is (6.5 – 2.5) = 4m, which is greater than half the panel
dimension, therefore the proportion of this moment taken by the middle strip can be
taken as 0.45 from table 1.1 of the EC2, adjusted as show below:
4
Adjusted factor = 0.45 ∗ 6.5 → 𝐴𝑑𝑗𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 = 0.55
2

Hence 0.55 is the adjusted / distributed factor

REF. CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

Table 6
Apportionment of bending moments in flat
slabs – equivalent frame method
Negative Positive
Location
moments moments
Column strip 60% – 80% 50% – 70%
Middle strip 40% – 20% 50% – 30%
Notes
The total negative and positive moments to be
resisted by the column and middle
strips together should always add up to 100%

Therefore, design moment at middle strip

Distribution factor x Positive moment
= 0.55 * 219.879KNm
=120.933KNm
Hence the column strip positive moment is obtained from
= (1 – 0.55) * 219.879KNm
=98.946KNm

Calculation of the Bending Moment and Flexural reinforcement

𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑟 𝑁𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟, 𝐶 = 35𝑚𝑚
Effective depth at mid span/ middle strip of the slab,
d = ℎ − (𝐶𝑛𝑜𝑚 + ∅𝑟𝑜𝑑
Overall height, h = 200mm, ∅𝑟𝑜𝑑 = 12
d = 200 – (35 + 12)
d 153mm
Effective depth at column strip, 𝑑 = ℎ − (𝐶𝑛𝑜𝑚 + ∅𝑟𝑜𝑑 d
Overall height, h = 350mm
d = 300 – (35 + 12)
d = 253mm
REF. CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

DESIGN STAGE
𝑀
1 Stiffness, k =
𝑏𝑑 2 𝑓 𝑐𝑘

Where M = positive moment

b = breadth of slab to be design
d = effective depth
fck = 25 from table
a). For the middle strip
𝑀
k =
𝑏𝑑 2 𝑓 𝑐𝑘

120.933 𝑥 10 6
k =
4000 ∗153 2 ∗25

k = 0.0165
𝐾 ′ = 0.60𝛿 − 0.18𝛿 2 − 0.21 Where 𝛿 = 1.0
𝐾 ′ = 0.60𝑥1.0 − 0.18𝛿𝑥1.02 − 0.21
K’ = 0.21 since K > K
Whence the slab is singly reinforced, no compression reinforcement is required

Obtain lever arm z from the equation below or table 5

𝑑
𝑧= 1 + √1 − 3.53𝑘 ≤ 0.95𝑑
2
153
𝑧= 1 + √1 − 3.53 ∗ 0.0156 ≤ 0.95 ∗ 153 z = 145.668 > 145.35
2

Since k < 0.05, therefore z = 0.950

Area of reinforcement required, Asreq

𝑀
Asreq =
0.87𝑓 𝑦𝑘 𝑧𝑑

Where: M = Positive moment

fyk = 500Nmm2
d = effective depth
z = lever arm
120.933∗10 6
Asreq = Asreq = 1912.62mm2 bottom steel required @ 4m middle strip
0.87∗500∗0.95∗153
REF. CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

Area of reinforcement provide, Asprov.

𝑁𝜋 ∅2
Asprov. = ≤ Asreq
4

Number of bars from first principle

𝑁𝜋 ∅2
Asprov. = ≤ Asreq take Ø = 12mm
4
4∗1912.62
N= → 𝑁 = 16.7 N = 17
𝜋∗12 2

17𝑋𝜋122
Asprov. = = 1922.9
4

Asprov. = 1923mm2
Hence provide 17H12@150mm Area 1923mm2

Check for minimum reinforcement, Asmin

0.26𝑓𝑐𝑡𝑚 ∗ 𝑏 𝑡 𝑑
Asmin = 𝑓 𝑦𝑘

fyk = 500Nmm2 fctm = 2.6 fck = 25

0.26∗2.6∗4000 ∗153
Asmin =
500

= 827.4mm2
Asmin < Asrequired, therefore Asrequired is OK
Maximum area of reinforcement, Asmax. = 0.04AC
Asmax. = 0.04

b). COLUMN STRIP DESIGN

𝑀
Stiffness, k =
𝑏𝑑 2 𝑓 𝑐𝑘

Where M = positive moment

b = breadth of slab to be design
d = effective depth
fck = 25 from table

𝑀
k =
𝑏𝑑 2 𝑓 𝑐𝑘

98.933∗ 10 6
k = 2500 ∗253 2 ∗25

k = 0.025

Lever Arm factor, z

Since k < 0.05 therefore, z = 0.95
REF. CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

Area of reinforcement required, Asreq

𝑀
Asreq =
0.87𝑓 𝑦𝑘 𝑧𝑑

Where: M = Positive moment

fyk = 500Nmm2
d = effective depth
z = lever arm
98.933∗10 6
Asreq = Asreq = 946.38mm2
0.87∗500∗0.95∗253

Area of reinforcement provide, Asprov.

𝑁𝜋 ∅2
Asprov. = ≤ Asreq
4

Number of bars from first principle

𝑁𝜋 ∅2
Asprov. = ≤ Asreq take Ø = 12mm
4
4∗946.38
N= → 𝑁 = 8.36 N=9
𝜋∗12 2

9∗𝜋122
Asprov. = = 1017.88𝑚𝑚²
4

Asprov. = 1018mm2
Hence provide 9H12@100mm Area 1130mm2

2. INTERIOR SUPPORT
Negative moment = -0.063Fl
= -0.063 * 623.24 * 5.6 = 219.879KNm
Since we need less reinforcement on the top of the middle strip, we used 25% (0.25)
hence this can be divided into
4
= 0.25 ∗ 6.5 = 0.31
2

Therefore, we distribute the -ve moment

Thus middle strip -ve moment = 0.31 * 219.879 = 68.16KNm and
Column strip = (1 – 0.31) *219.879 151.72 = KNm
REF. CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

a). For the middle strip

𝑀
k =
𝑏𝑑 2 𝑓 𝑐𝑘

68.16∗ 10 6
k =
4000 ∗153 2 ∗25

k = 0.029
Lever Arm factor, z
Since k < 0.05 therefore, z = 0.95

Area of reinforcement required, Asreq

𝑀
Asreq =
0.87𝑓 𝑦𝑘 𝑧𝑑

Where: M = Positive moment

fyk = 500Nmm2
d = effective depth
z = lever arm
Area of reinforcement Required, Asreq
68.16∗10 6
Asreq = Asreq = 1078.02mm2
0.87∗500∗0.95∗153

Area of reinforcement provide, Asprov.

𝑁𝜋 ∅2
Asprov. = ≤ Asreq
4

Number of bars from first principle

𝑁𝜋 ∅2
Asprov. = ≤ Asreq take Ø = 12mm
4
4∗1078.02
N= → 𝑁 = 9.53 N = 10
𝜋∗12 2

10𝑋𝜋122
Asprov. = = 1130.97𝑚𝑚²
4

Asprov. = 1131mm2
Hence provide 10H12@100mm Area 1131mm2
REF. CALCULATIONS OUTPUT

b). For the column strip

𝑀
k =
𝑏𝑑 2 𝑓 𝑐𝑘

151.72∗ 10 6
k =
4000 ∗253 2 ∗25

k = 0.024
Lever Arm factor, z
Since k < 0.05 therefore, z = 0.95

Area of reinforcement required, Asreq

𝑀
Asreq =
0.87𝑓 𝑦𝑘 𝑧𝑑

Where: M = Positive moment

fyk = 500Nmm2
d = effective depth
z = lever arm
Area of reinforcement Required, Asreq
151,72∗10 6
Asreq = Asreq = 1451.14mm2
0.87∗500∗0.95∗253

Area of reinforcement provide, Asprov.

𝑁𝜋 ∅2
Asprov. = ≤ Asreq
4

Number of bars from first principle

𝑁𝜋 ∅2
Asprov. = ≤ Asreq take Ø = 12mm
4
4∗1451 .14
N=
𝜋∗12 2
→ 𝑁 = 12.8 N = 11

11𝑋𝜋 12 2
Asprov. = = 1244.07𝑚𝑚²
4

Asprov. = 1244mm2
Hence provide 11H12@100mm Area 1244mm2
 DETAILING

Centre of Column Centre of Column

11H12@100mm 11H12@100mm

17H12@150mm