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Framing and Building Basics

The document discusses the basics of framing and building structures. It defines structural loads like dead loads from building materials and live loads from occupants that structures must withstand. Framing involves connecting building materials like studs, plates, headers, joists and beams to form the structure. The framing system must be strong enough to resist forces like tension, shear and torsion from loads like wind, snow and earthquakes.

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DurgaPrasadKrishna
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340 views

Framing and Building Basics

The document discusses the basics of framing and building structures. It defines structural loads like dead loads from building materials and live loads from occupants that structures must withstand. Framing involves connecting building materials like studs, plates, headers, joists and beams to form the structure. The framing system must be strong enough to resist forces like tension, shear and torsion from loads like wind, snow and earthquakes.

Uploaded by

DurgaPrasadKrishna
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Framing & Building Basics

Architectural Drawing & Interior Design


Introduction to Framing
• Once you have your floor plan design, you are now ready to plan for
building.
• In order to accomplish this, you must know the correct methods
needed to properly frame a house.
• While this can get extremely daunting in larger homes, if you take it
bit by bit it’s manageable.
• Framing is an interdependent structural system where one piece
depends on another.
Structural Loads
• Before we get started with framing we understand structural loads.
• Structural loads are forces that get to applied to structures, e.g. wind,
gravity, snow, earthquakes, people etc.
• If your house cannot handle such loads it will collapse.
• Structural Loads include dead loads, live loads, environmental loads.
Structural Loads
• A dead load is the actual weight of the
materials used in the construction of the
house, e.g. walls, floors, roofs. Fixed and
considered permanent.
• Live load’s are produced by the use and
the occupancy of the building, e.g. people
and furnishings. Variable and temporary.
• Deflection is the bounce or give in a floor
system as a person walks across a room.
The stiffer the material the less deflection
Tension
• A force applied to an object that
has a pulling affect.
Sheer
• A force that pushes part of an
object (building) in one direction
while the other goes an opposite
way.
Torsion
• The twisting of an object due to
an applied torque.
• Torque is rotational force.

Indian Sunburn! Ooowweeee!!!!


Wind Load
• Lateral pressure may be positive
(pushing) or negative (suction
forces on the leeward side).
• Wind pressure can also produce
uplift.
Hurricanes
• Hurricane prone areas are the
coastal areas of the Atlantic
Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico
where wind speed exceeds 90
mph.
• Additional protection is required
for exterior glazing where wind
blown debris might be a
problem.
Snow Load
• The IRC (International
Residential Code) specifies that
the snow load for the roof of a
house must support 70 psf.
• Amount of snow accumulating
on roof.
Framing Your House
• Framing is the process of
attaching building materials
together to create a structure.
• A system used to attach
members together that makes it
strong and energy efficient.
• There are terms used to describe
the each member of a house.
Parts of a Wall: Studs
• Vertical members of a wall are
called studs.
• Studs connect the top plate with
the bottom plate.
• Used in the construction of
windows and doors.
• Cripple stud is a stud cut short
to allow a window, or on top of a
door.
• Jack stud is cut short to allow a
door.
Parts of a Wall: Plates Top plate

• Plates are horizontal members


of the wall connected by studs.
• Bottom Plates are used to
connect the wall to the floor.
• Top Plates support the floor
above. Usually doubled up.
• Sill Plates support windows and
sit on top of cripple studs.

Bottom plate
Parts of a Wall: Headers
• Headers are horizontal members
used to transfer loads to jack
studs.
• Doubled up to match thickness
of studs.
• Cripple studs inserted above the
header for extra support.
Parts of a Floor
• Floor framing consists of a
system of sills, beams, girders,
joists, and subflooring.
• Walls sit on top of floors. Floors
sit on top of walls.
Parts of a Floor Cont.….
• Joists are the horizontal members
of the floor. Like studs spaced out
at equal distances.
• Header (Band) Joists connect the
joists together. They wrap around
the joists. Sits on top of sill plate.
• Subflooring is usually plywood.
Used to combat shear forces,
provides safe work environment,
and provides nail-able surface for
the finish floor.
Parts of a Floor
• Girders are beams used in
construction as the main
horizontal support.
• Supports the joists that sit on
top of it.
• Placed mid span of the joists to
resist deflection.
In Conclusion…
• A structure must withstand a number of forces being applied to it.
• Examples of forces are…
• Tension, shear, and torsion.
• Live loads and dead loads must be taken into account when designing
a structure.
• Framing is the process of connecting building materials together to
create a structure. Framing is a construction system.
• Studs, plates, headers, rafters, girders, flooring and joists are all terms used to
identify different components in framing.

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