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Science 3

Fibres come from plants and animals and are used to make yarns. There are two types of fibres - natural (cotton, wool, silk, jute) and synthetic (nylon, polyester). Yarns are made by spinning fibres together through pulling and twisting. Fabrics are then created by weaving or knitting yarns. Cotton is a natural plant fibre obtained from cotton bolls and ginning removes the seeds. Jute fibre is obtained from the stems of jute plants.

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64 views8 pages

Science 3

Fibres come from plants and animals and are used to make yarns. There are two types of fibres - natural (cotton, wool, silk, jute) and synthetic (nylon, polyester). Yarns are made by spinning fibres together through pulling and twisting. Fabrics are then created by weaving or knitting yarns. Cotton is a natural plant fibre obtained from cotton bolls and ginning removes the seeds. Jute fibre is obtained from the stems of jute plants.

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Cris C
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3. Fibre to Fabric 18.08.

2020

What are Fibres? When we separate end of a thread we get thin strands.
Thsese thin strands are still made from thinner strands called
Fibres are thin, long, flexible and hair or thread-like structures.
fibres.

Types of Fibres
There are two types of fibre.
1. Natural fibre- The fibres which are obtained from animals and plants
are called natural fibres.

Example: Cotton, wool, silk are Natural Fibres.

Natural Fibres

From Plants from Animals


Ex- cotton, jute Ex- wool, silk

2. Synthetic Fibre
Synthetic fabrics are fabrics manufactured in factories using chemicals.
They are also known as artificial or man-made fabrics.
Example- nylon, polyester, rayon etc.
Yarns: - Yarns are made from fibres.

Spinning: - The process of making yarn from fibres is called spinning.

Fibres Yarn

Spinning has two components.

1. Pull
2. Twist
We pull out fibres from a mass of cotton wool and then twist. The fibres come
together to form yarn.

Two hand operated devices TAKLI and CHARKHA are used for
spinning.

Fabrics: - Fabrics are made from yarns.

There are two main process of making fabrics from yarn.


1. Weaving
2. Knitting
Weaving: The process of arranging two sets of yarns to form fabrics is called
weaving.
Knitting: A single yarn is used to make fabric in knitting process.
Some Plant Fibres

1. Cotton 2. Jute

1. Cotton: Cotton in grown in black soil and warm climate.

Cotton Bolls: The fruits of cotton plant are called cotton bolls.

Cotton fibres are obtained from cotton bolls.

Ginning: Ginning is a process in which cotton fibres are separated from


seeds by comb.
2. Jute: Jute is obtained from the stem of the jute plant. The stem of the
harvested plants immersed in water for some days. The stems rot and
fibres are separated by hand.
Exercise Questions
1. Classify the following fibers as natural or synthetic:
Natural fibre: Wool, Cotton, Silk, Jute
Synthetic fibre: Nylon, Polyester
2. State whether the following statements are true or false:
a) Yarn is made from fibres. True
b) Spinning is a process of making fibres.
False Spinning is the process of making yarn from fibre.

Fibre Yarn

c) Jute is the outer covering of coconut.


False Jute is obtained from stem of jute plant.

d) The process of removing seed from cotton is called ginning. True


e) The weaving of yarn makes a piece of fabric. True
f) The silk fiber is obtained from the stem of a plant.
False Silk fibres are obtained an insect called silkworm.
g) Polyester is a natural fiber.
False Polyester is a synthetic fibre.

3. Fill in the blanks:


a) Plant fibers are obtained from cotton and jute.
b) Animals fibers are silk and wool.
4. From which parts of the plant cotton and jute are obtained?
Cotton is obtained from the fruit part of plant and Jute is obtained from the
stem of the plant.
5. Name two items that are made from coconut fiber.
Gunny bags, Rope, foot mat
6. Explain the process of making yarn from fibre.
The process of making yarn from fibres is called spinning. We pull out fibres
from a mass of cotton wool and then twist. The fibres come together to form
yarn.

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