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Building Materials Module 1 by S

The document discusses methods for evaluating the shape of coarse aggregate particles. It defines the flakiness index and elongation index as percentages based on comparing particles' dimensions to thresholds. A flakiness index test measures the percentage of particles thinner than 0.6 times their mean dimension, while an elongation index measures particles longer than 1.8 times their mean dimension. The document also outlines the apparatus and procedures used to determine these indices through sieving and gauging samples of aggregate pieces.

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Nagendra Gupta
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48 views

Building Materials Module 1 by S

The document discusses methods for evaluating the shape of coarse aggregate particles. It defines the flakiness index and elongation index as percentages based on comparing particles' dimensions to thresholds. A flakiness index test measures the percentage of particles thinner than 0.6 times their mean dimension, while an elongation index measures particles longer than 1.8 times their mean dimension. The document also outlines the apparatus and procedures used to determine these indices through sieving and gauging samples of aggregate pieces.

Uploaded by

Nagendra Gupta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Flakiness index and Elongation Index of Coarse Aggregates:

The particle shape of aggregates is determined by the percentages of flaky and


elongated particles contained in it. For base course and construction of bituminous
and cement concrete types, the presence of flaky and elongated particles are
considered undesirable as these cause inherent weakness with possibilities of
breaking down under heavy loads. Thus, evaluation of shape of the particles,
particularly with reference to flakiness and elongation is necessary.
       The Flakiness index of aggregates is the percentage by weight of particles
whose least dimension (thickness) is less than three- fifths (0.6times) of their mean
dimension. This test is not applicable to sizes smaller than 6.3mm.
       The Elongation index of an aggregate is the percentage by weight of particles
whose greatest dimension (length) is greater than nine-fifths (1.8times) their mean
dimension. This test is not applicable for sizes smaller than 6.3mm.

The apparatus consists of a standard thickness gauge shown in figure 1, IS sieves


of sizes 63, 50, 40,31.5, 25, 20, 16, 12.5, 10 and 6.3 mm and a balance to weigh the samples and
length gauge shown in figure 2.
For flakiness index (F.I) and Elongation Index (E.I) sufficient quantity of aggregate
is taken so as to provide at least 200 pieces of any fraction to be tested. The sample
is sieved through IS Sieves.

For determining the flakiness Index, the aggregate retained on IS Sieves are
separated. Now, each aggregate piece is passed through the corresponding slot in
the thickness gauge. Flakiness Index is given by,
Weight of aggregate passing through the slot of thickness gauge
F.I = x 100
Total weight of sample

For determining the elongation Index, the aggregate retained on IS Sieves are
separated. Now, each aggregate piece is passed through the corresponding slot in
the length gauge. Flakiness Index is given by,

Weight of aggregate retained on length gauge


E.I = x 100
Total weight of sample

AGGREGATE CRUSHING VALUE

The aggregate crushing value gives a relative measure of the resistance of an


aggregate crushing under gradually applied compressive load. With aggregate
crushing value 30 or higher, the result may be anomalous and in such cases the ten
percent fines value should be determined instead.

Coarse aggregate passing 12.5mm IS sieve and retained on a10mm. IS sieve and
heated at 100 to 110°C for 4 hours and cooled to room temperature.

PROCEDURE

(i)Put the cylinder in position on the base plate and weigh it (W)

(ii)Put the sample in 3 layers, each layer being subjected to 25 strokes using the
tamping rod, care being taken in the case of weak materials not to break the
particles and weigh it (W1)

(iii)Level the surface of aggregate carefully and insert the plunger so that it rests
horizontally on the surface, care being taken to ensure that the plunger does not jam
in the cylinder.

(iv)Place the cylinder with plunger on the loading platform of the compression
testing machine.

(v)Apply load at a uniform rate so that a total load of 40T is applied in 10 minutes.

(vi)Release the load and remove the material from the cylinder.
(vii)Sieve the material with 2.36mm IS sieve, care being taken to avoid loss of fines
.

(viii)Weigh the fraction passing through the IS sieve (W2)

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