SLM # 1-Grade 7 Science-1st Quarter-The Scientific Method of Investigation (Identifying A Problem and Formulating A Hypothesis) PDF
SLM # 1-Grade 7 Science-1st Quarter-The Scientific Method of Investigation (Identifying A Problem and Formulating A Hypothesis) PDF
Science
Quarter 1 – Module 1
Scientific Method of Investigation
(Identifying Problem & Formulating Hypothesis)
Science– Grade 7
Quarter 1 – Module 1: Scientific Method of Investigation (Identifying Problem &
Formulating Hypothesis)
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LESSON
SCIENTIFIC METHOD OF INVESTIGATION
(Identifying a Problem and Formulating Hypothesis)
1
At the end of this module, you should be able to:
2
Directions: Identify what is asked or described in each
item then write the letter of the correct answer.
For question numbers 1-2, refer to the following
situation:
A piece of candle was observed by a Grade 7 class
before, during and after it was lighted. The observations were
tabulated as follows:
Before Lighting While Lighting After Lighting
1. The candle is white 1. The candle burns 1. The flame of the
and cylindrical. without a sound. candle was put off after
several minutes.
2. It is 15 cm long. 2. The length is steadily 2. Smoke was produced
decreasing. when the flame was
put off.
3. Its wick is white. 3. The wick of the candle 3. The wick of the candle
turns black. became 1 cm long.
4. The wick is made up 4. There are 3 colors in the 4. The final length of the
of 3 pieces of thread. flame of the candle. candle is 3 cm long.
For Questions 4 – 5, refer to the situation below. Write the letter of the best answer on the
space provided before each item. Each question is worth 1 point.
Using a medicine dropper and water, a student determines the number of water drops that
different sizes of coins can hold. He gathers the data and records them in the table below
No. of Trials Number of Water Drops
10-peso 5-peso 1-peso 25-centavo
1 45 53 34 15
2 47 52 30 17
3 48 54 32 17
Average 47 53 32 16
3
5. If you want to verify whether the size of the coins affects the number of water drops
that a coin can hold, which of the following hypothesis will you test?
a. The farther the distance of the dropper, the more water drops the coin can
hold.
b. The bigger the diameter of the dropper, the more water drops the coin can
hold
c. The bigger the size of the coin, the more water drops it can hold.
d. The bigger the water drops, the more each coin can hold.
4
Many people do not see what they look at. Only a few can
observe well. It is because they have been so used to
seeing things in a particular order (like the parts of the face)
that they do not take notice of little details anymore.
Observation involves all of your basic sense organs: the
eyes, nose, ears, tongue, and hands. In an observation, you
do not only look, you have to stare; you don’t only hear, you listen, you don’t
only taste and smell, you savor; and you don’t only touch, you feel.
Most of the time however, you think you are observing when in fact you are inferring.
While observation is actually seeing, smelling, hearing, tasting and touching, inferring is
making interpretations based on your past observations or experiences. You call this an
inference.
To help you differentiate between observation and inference, let us do an activity.
https://www.bestourism.com/img/items/big/14
Observations Inferences
20/Dead-Sea_-Swimming-in-the-sea_5731.jpg Example: The sky is very Example: It is summer
clear. time.
1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
4. 4.
5 5.
Based on the given activity, how would you differentiate observation from inference? Write
your answer on the space below.
_________________________________________________________________________
______________________,___________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
Good job in finishing the activity! Now, take time to process the information you acquired by
accomplishing the next task.
5
Tell whether the given statement is an observation or an inference.
To have a better understanding of what qualitative and quantitative observations are, try the
next activity.
6
Based on the given activity, how would you differentiate qualitative observation from
quantitative observation? Write your answer on the space below.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Good job in finishing the activity! Now, take time to process the information you acquired by
accomplishing the next task.
7
Stating a Problem for Investigation
Direction: Read the Scenario below and answer the
questions that follow.
Scenario
Dead Sea is one of the tourist attractions in the Holy Land located between the
borders of Israel and Jordan. It is known for its unique nature where you will be floating in
water when you go swimming. This phenomenon is attributed to the high amount of salt
present making the water becomes denser. To explain this phenomenon, John a Grade 7
student conducted an experiment using table salt, water and egg. He wanted to investigate
that increasing the amount of salt in water would make an egg to float in water.
Guide questions:
1. What is the problem that John wanted to investigate in the situation given?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
2. If you are John, write a question you wanted to answer in doing the investigation.
(Note: The question should be based on the problem identified in number 1)
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
The discussion on Enotes.com emphasizes that a good research question has the
following characteristics:
8
Lesson 2: Formulating Hypothesis
After you have identified a problem based on your observations and come up with
asking research questions, you are now ready for the next steps of the Scientific Method
which is formulating hypothesis. To learn more of this, perform the following activities.
Answer the following questions. Write the letter that corresponds to the right
answer before the number. Check your Answers on page 19.
_____ 1. What was the problem of Thomas Alva Edison in his experiment?
a. Where does electricity come from?
b. What makes an iron glow?
c. How to make a wire glow brighter?
d. How to make a light enough to lit a room using a wire?
_____ 2. What was his hypothesis in making the wire glow brighter?
a. The thinner the wire, the brighter will be the bulb.
b. Tungsten wire can produce more brightness than ordinary wire.
c. Tungsten wire can light longer in oxygen-free bulbs.
d. The more oxygen in the bulb, the less glow is produced.
9
_____ 3. What was the basis of the hypothesis?
a. What is produced when electricity is allowed to pass through a piece of
iron wire?
b. What reaction tungsten wire has compared to the piece of iron wire?
c. What would it be like when there is no electricity?
d. Which type of metal glow brighter?
_____ 4. Which of the following methods of solving a problem is applied to Edison’s case?
a. popular method c. serendipity
b. trial and error method d. scientific method
_____ 5. What personal trait helped Thomas Edison invent the incandescent bulb?
a. persistence c. patience
b. resourcefulness d. All of these
Question: What is the effect of decreasing the size of an iron wire on the amount of light it
produces?
Hypothesis: If the size of an iron wire is thinner, then the amount of light produced
increases.
Note: The underlined phrases are referred to as factors involved in the study which will later
be defined as variables on the next modules.
10
Stating a Problem and Formulating Hypothesis
Direction: Read the Scenario below and answer the
questions that follow.
Scenario
Dead Sea is one of the tourist attractions in the Holy Land located between the
borders of Israel and Jordan. It is known for its unique nature where you will be floating in
water when you go swimming. This phenomenon is attributed to the high amount of salt
present making the water becomes denser. To explain this phenomenon, John a Grade 7
student conducted an experiment using table salt, water and egg. He wanted to investigate
that increasing the amount of salt in water would make an egg to float in water.
Guide questions:
1. What is the problem that John wanted to investigate in the situation given?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
2. If you are John, write a question you wanted to answer in doing the investigation.
(Note: The question should be based on the problem identified in number 1)
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
3. Formulate your hypothesis by writing your tentative answer on the question asked in
number 2. Use the “If” and “then” statement.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Direction: Read the Scenario below and answer the questions that follow.
A community called Barangay Masamok is known for its undisciplined and unhygienic
people. One day, the community was infected by a virus called COVID-19. No matter how
much the barangay officials advised its people to stay at home, wear face mask, and
practice physical distancing when going out, as well as wash their hands properly and
regularly, the people seem not to care. Because of their attitude and behavior, the virus
quickly spread and became a pandemic. Cardo Mahusay, the Barangay Captain of
Barangay Masamok, was alarmed by the situation. He investigated how many individuals
were infected for not following the suggested precautionary measures when going out of
11
their homes for five days. Upon his investigation, he observed and recorded the data on the
table below.
Table 1: Total Number of People Infected by COVID-19 in Barangay Masamok for NOT
Following Precautionary Measures Set by WHO (World Health Organization)
Guide questions:
1. What is the problem of Barangay Captain Cardo Mahusay in his investigation?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
2. If you were Brgy. Capt. Cardo Mahusay, write a question you wanted to answer in
doing the investigation. (Note: The question should be based on the problem
identified in number 1)
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
3. Formulate your hypothesis by writing your tentative answer on the question asked in
number 2. Use the “If” and “then” statement.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
12
To strengthen what you have learned in this module, perform the following additional
tasks.
1. Write a short essay on one of your most unforgettable experiences or problems.
Narrate how you arrived at your answer. Do you think that method was the best?
Explain your answer.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
13
The following terms used in this module are defined as follows:
Predicting - is a guess about what might happen in the future, based on observations that
you make.
Qualitative Observation – an observation based on the quality only and/or the perception
of the five senses.
14
Directions: Identify what is asked or described in each
item then write the letter of the correct answer.
4. What would be the best research question to the problem of the family?
a. What is the best fertilizer to be used on plant?
b. How does fertilizer help the plants to grow better?
c. What is the effect of using fertilizer on the growth of the plant?
d. Why use fertilizer on plant?
5. If you want to verify whether fertilizer would affect the growth of pechay plant, which
of the following hypothesis would you investigate?
a. If the fertilizer would be added on the soil, then the pechay plant would grow
better
b. Organic fertilizer is better to use to increase the growth of pechay plant
c. If pechay plant did not grow better, it is because the soil was not fertilized.
d. If the fertilizer used is organic, then the plant would grow best.
15
TRY THIS
1. A 2. C 3. C 4. D 5. C
EXPLORE : Differentiating Observations from Inferences
Answers of the student may include but not limited to the following. Consider
all other observations and inferences provided it is logical and factual.
Observations Inferences
Example: the sky is very clear. Example: it is summer time.
16
Qualitative observations pertain to the quality while quantitative observation is on the
quantity using numbers and measurements.
SELF TEST 2
1. Quantitative Observation 4. Quantitative Observation
2. Qualitative Observation 5. Qualitative Observation
3. Qualitative Observation
17