a Gi = SEeG0RCQO OE OKCSGHEIGADA 690088800 OD0G0G80000 FUNDAMENTALS Le Circuits > Current ds Latindeel to flow Mov ougls lh ayn wa, Pia closecl path courrph ta civevit - ww pT} > Most Connector Ae Agu favor: njiws O Livait or nly, rt 122 68 lwo corrpeuent Se ruectel Lhun . lids , V,T,RLL, Cy, ete > Networks > Curent . does met mneceascrnley flow hv cry” e0ll ths ther encks « open af cir tT 4d 30 > Crwils ‘er mlivorlea oe wuterconnertion of NOV CD Comp Cinta de. act og ohn » aur frockiied AYA. Ont ay duct sve clo cerenet omoby o| aks provi wher hcl cad dnor gy un ter — get Bo circu tue Aawlobiog Ao ches of aotucorha . © Network Components [ELEMENTS NETWortq COMPONENTS FELEMENTS RL aur applicalin arte arr Lom ponents , tut sarin Sherr Lom penints ot rnodelltcl os unckamentet7 prt? il o/p Analysis Synthesis (vorous proces ta \ubiog Counique solution) ae performed!) @ Linear Component /Gieeuir te a AdMn 4 * y Com bt wmodileot com mot Lee, modeled anoitlrmetie bly mathematically. Ye meee F x) gadelon ‘aly Choneg “A Mot of su poetical cou porrouls | ale ane rua Linsey a motint Aut wngir-Lirrory Ags. Adu Ae Line arkreck 4" Anmeh uu ereamenrt et chouyia “tn Aras But AAp Aone Ags: sundry Aticlelon at chiomnes unclivg 0 Mon -hereeer mncoolt a We cluign cll aur nloo preectically for apeadiek COOCSHHOHSHHOCHOVTHOESECHHBDOCTDPGPPOPVIODIASI9OVIOVGDooood = arelings & 2a Long (ay they obey Olu Low Kir cboffs four, Aupurporition franeple, etc. thay arc aco Ae Le Liter. | \ ‘oo | "| sLATERSt ELEMENTS Property Av Vig ; = DANE eee indepeudiate +e Se 22 za * >A Volioge — Polority Pros? BW Trost > BW Curreut > oliy™ iia ciel e UNTLATERAL ELEMENTS + 0 wopoky alepercls o v. . v ye ay Naltage > Polarity P@P9OOCHOHOCOGCOCHSOSOCOGOVDDDDOCDDIDOVOVS Fred Leg Reverse Lien eut > olir™ Coun conduct Comnet concluct eis Roy = ©. SL Row = of SL ey:- BIT, FET, a ~~ chick, ete, Based_on V-T characteristics +— = e {e- | @ — i [e-aeewa My @ © @ =@ @Q+ @ Bileterat Uniloterol« Passive ELEMENTS (sinks) ~ ch pod ‘ - aboels ge VER sinks = Convert ‘ — Atort 3 Parsovoet > -tv? a R,b,c. Packivevet > -Ve e Active ELEMENTS (s0vvces) ~ Emnginge urdvi - Drive tactemally ae ‘coef Souree: = dekaister +4 - oie - q Prusorbedt => ~ve eg ME Puetivereot => +Ve Rasec_on Vit cw on V-L characteristics + 8 @ Source Sink Sj J@@GBOKBSHHSOHOTHSHHGHHOHSOGAGHSGOOSCSHSSOSSOVHOBSle®G@e@eeeeoecggooscocoosoea | SCQ0000GGOGH0O0Y [ Ay The stot V-L charac af comparnt dr chewy delow , Las compound © Lina, ode , bilateral ® Linde, posive , Uilotoak | © Nou-Lineor, achive, wuiloterak , VB Nou Lirtar, possive, Lilosned > Nor - Linear —s Uni hatin ek > Probh ackve 8 passive overall > Active al = Mon Linsey so Aceh > ilolberul. Cdelive wlemunts com ack os prasmiot Unt , but prorse alernerch connt Met Os Ackve epi Capouter abwos sels tr « Aine ; wither ik chowg er ov dlischowges :eh A o LumPeD PARAMETERS enn rtm Ay a , ‘ oes PCR component | ‘< 2 4b ui | ap 2 “II Point Form , Properties i- Q — Lirnphe — Linrcnr dlgebvercc 9 ‘ a Tory enee weaken — ubpprrert melee vwrokuea « DISTRIBUTED PARAMETERS ag: Oey RB looms = dong Tr Line eee wo - Emf concepts Reetua = eS ° ee ewceguide\ Properties +— = Conrplra ~Aolutrion on Jeolvoug ~ Very acervete waters . > Zxcal amt odellin g |©COSOHHHCHHHOSE SHO TDESTOGGAPHPOVCSCPSHSOOKOGD3 L SOSCOCOKHOHHONOHOSCODOOFGOCECOOSOGOOOGGDOBOGBDDOINOO >The melalions doer venDr holcle goon for _ Y co) Lumpeel VO) Distrilutedt co haspect 2 ie (@) Nowe. i ' i . Nove ¢) : « Baancy Co) ! WA Drench ts On tlementeb conwechon daetweenr. divo modes ° Degree of a- Node C8) : Mo. of Cranckts uncidlent ox couneckeol at- Ong root aefereseuts it obagree . Y{ Sat > Atwpte morte Gns) S> 2 > principle mock ONS ET Note “For Oaey uk gy nlw Mesu (™ Meh ui a dloateol on cet oy nlw ee arate! op furtey chore? rath un ib.“+ Loops (2) * a docks ae oth eesti Loa! a of io yore a ory ot n nd: EHR Cr ulwo ow meb-n+\ = Meshes art apeci |icoutky notleol or dudltpouclert Low > A aoerkes on dey olefeult Lowps hur wt Loopy art ret AM2ler « SD Je mocted anelytt we iad Don edad yn as pt ae Consicbertel aa neference - m=4 Le 4+6 =19 ZS: = (7x2) #545 = 24 = 2 wD | 53 The vain wolof ap tb cole oli’ car | @OOOFCHEHGODOOGOOGIDIGOOAPBIPOGOVPVOPAAIVIO DO 7s - = +t SEs : 1 S . T ae - o8 t \ a | . a wd xX era eet cl ts 7 t nal yen 5 an es eee cpane > 3 = > t . ALO AL ow % Tha anini © @me pl chet i OOOO COSSCOKOHBOCHAEH9OC ROOD —+ OuM's Law SLT Po Teagherfln se edeats of ing Lai] orm (1094 Aechion, of huokerial! CiS* Fovm) Current , by cutie fietol density, * Conductivity wate ty ie v= fea? Adak = =§ Cresistivily Ve (34] 2 , a | V=LR C2 Form) Civurital form of Oh how Resislance (CL) in oR? | gehts Ge mY | ©0006 006 0008 9005000609800090000090000Ss ei OFSCHSOSHSHTOCOOSGOSOVODDOADVDAOTDAODVODDDIDIDIDIODAINDISO [E> Zhecromegueb't (37 Pome) W=ne by tun Lankoge (wbe-T) No = Li Nad + oan = Loa yial ay at at at Cu Four) Critical Form of Ohm's Law te SL {id > Electro-steti hq 2cv C3 form) sro ero aa ody . Gdv x c ae” 4 *€39 (C6 fonn) Critical Fonn of Olm's haw im 'C’+ DC Crecuit Anavysts Es + Properties of DC Supply Im +5 Unipolo - ! ' S Uni clirechion : : > Uo chaye in spon | potonity > frown Pry. = oz. They are ured wun snelkk ) vo olepenclewt drolatid powty ay lens , svt ble ckricel wba Com be Atl wy Amal Laparitier, -Machw Tools Paecision - Me hi ceel Jara trncerts Accuracy - Defense Appli cork O11, + Standort DC Wavelows t— 7 TS 3 Fro @ aa 0080606000099 6080000000009090000050908000008006008 6096000000000 00090000008 + AC Crrcurt Anavysis + Properties of AC supply t— > Pipolow > frictivectionw > hefluilr charge £4 plone } protorty. > Power dey. tacot C Lnctia = 50 H2) Sey ore ured uu Lovge Orth , Coutivindus power apply AYf ters , ptr theelricak Lubrgg conn net Ae stored. eyo - Domertre 5 Robust — drrctusbrie! Hfpplications Powerful . Stan dove AG Waveform :— me Sinusoia C cosine we Ve Vin sinwtVOLTAGE + v2 sw | 44 ; i t t } 1 > fas the fore CEmF) aticl com olv'vg cleanged . ’ > Units? volts ao T/c. | Ranger kV, mV, Vi MV AV | ot _ — Symbols 2 v, V, v0) > Cycnit Symlools + =p COGOCOCOHOECOHSHGEOOTOSSGOOIFS®I9@POTBOCO wsinioot bay ey —@- Ip _ Exeuaptes 3 DE > Cath , fatty , Ful able. PV jolor pols Rectified paren Aatetse Cosven Hornet DC Convertor 1 AC > UPS Ganwertor Wlernolor@CSCKSSKSONOGSCHHESHSH9HOODSDAOSGSODGOOBNOBHODONOG CuRRENT?: i= dy dt $ etek ae, > Units: shupere (AY ee | > Ranges A, ma, A, KA > Symbotst 6, TL, TE, ile) 19 H ’ > 2 ’ Ps => Cirwit Symbols * ae Be Ag brea bh sees cmt s329 | “> Examples t De > A DC ses qeawetor ton be anoclelrel a4 DC tented 2Autk > G BIT ran Le rvoclelrol ay @ cbr p enoleut Bartok 2 aba CR + pe Ac > of Feeck. on be rvoctelel 4 & AC rerrent Aouree- C Fede > Const curt olen key dyn clurhors » >)RESISTANCE +. > Ih x whe chri cok frroputy of anattin , ; rater’ ae & tomponmt Lo nuuedl it. { eet ( i ' pros 7 at dn cAeasifiect R Arculeck an. dbo > Units aoa Cay, weeded DW ~ Tumnga ben -— Cert ¢e > Reaye t UL mSL, MN, KR, ML, GSE VeZR => Basic For R= 34h ae L- deny Ua of arocerteried A> (rides rection aren es ppecific ntdin tuck +> Resistance oleporcks apo ter perature > keurprratine co eff. of mraiotonce ois 1ve > Concluct™s ho be mv) > Ari Conrcluctr> | |e 000000000000 00,0,000000900090000900000@QOCHOSHSSOCHOGSSCHOBHOOPOBOODOSHODDSZOS9YSOODOOD Exomuples.+- > MU crotatiol & Daneate awinint, = fommunitetion £ Tx dey, 2Pce compoucuts : * A wube Abrefoect wactricl hero & vt presi tomes of 2 52 ahve aay of ats apposite for, R= 8 Qe rhe Ve Me Ree = Or &2 a= 2 Or CO, = Oy ZzTNDucTANCE Ehecti may autis fuepirtg anektiy - SV inctuttor” Ube compontnt te mbt it. ia) LS°9t ty clasai)icct bose! fe ev Core puatwed -Jrou Units = Howrey CH) , = Fenite V-sec \ —- Cv A Range 2 wh, mH, A ve Lt okt => i= + 4vot i ot c= +$ . t telat eee een L nee =a Ovat a 4 volt Be Le inital aoret ° t lee gg ee my Ok | na | Basic Formula +7 4 N a Le uns u oor ~L Us Molly > pomeabully of cone Mor «TT XU” AL Ups 4 Coury Dy > 000 Liven) o°8 jeeooe eee oecOG OSH gg5o0qg9e@QOFOBOCOGBOOOOS sGODOOKOSHHOHOKHSHHSHOOHOCHOGHOGDOHBVOAHOOGS N= Mo. of isms of cock > Cron. Aeckonel arco of core Cary) Exouples:e ', > Jilin > Cloler caily > Mic ei cleans ao Tx bin. AP ob ce Le 2tr Ts ata civewm/ertnce, ‘CAPRACLTANCE + > Electro rtekei poheks wn chin =" Capeuitor” a coup euotk Ap arvokh il . Ls 44 uy charset fiect tenet Lg VOR ’ Sn Dieleebc element] ice) 7 om Dicledbic acedeniek, Units + Ferecta CF) 5 aE kedeoly Ea > Cevouni ¢ A-sec Vv > Palys ber Rome s pF mF, ME, mE j=caY . Ve A Ciolt at eS ° & Ve b 5 iat eb Cidt + 1 idt = aan | | E Z & < F xV= Ve Vox gid Bosic. Formule t- 4 . Coral 7 a B>BoS4 > pomnibvity of obretectii c So 7 BBSRC Flr E> 4 (ein? Ey = 6 Cpalyt) By 2 760 ( cevanic) dA > clk. Letwernr slectvortes Cin) A> COM Wet, Meear- Recht Mira! Crea lolew wrttrecky Cur) Exowples = > Filia 4s Pow Ayslen > Poe cick > Th ue ME phd ee ee lV @ ©6904 06000008 0000000000090990098000000PRACTICAL VOLTAGE SOURCE 3— TDEAL CURRENT SOURCE . i, - x 50 A OTE a te PRACTICAL CURRENT Source R——> large 2800000000000 0000000000 0080000000000Lehecf == ~ it Proeticeh TNDEPENDENT Sources +7 = Properties - Chovtreteris HA — Meohurg [Moy , Freq., of] Sv oA dosnt © 00600 0000000000000009099099909000009)DEPENDENT SOURCE :— - Properters clepenet pan a - Chovrackarish's ther Poverielty sorta | ~ Meda [Moel, Freq, tN! Ori qutsiols li che | Exbsughes '! A eh > Prackicek saurces > BIT > Salar cele H Staunclorae: @® Ty pes 1— On ® © , & Vx be ip Ay e® oe co¢es vbvs eee cces voces vevs cevs eta > Abrbiler Anolpeelrt raters ckeperolad Aaurtes «0tu vod Ax Auppremedl au prtain Fuuree 5 Os Hor soci ts “hay Harald apr Couple civeunta ‘PowER Roke of chowyt tu Laken . PedW ode 5 pe E dt at t Units: Wett @ FT /see Ramyer mW, Ww, kW, MW, GW SCHOGCHCHSOHHESVHDHOOHOLCKCODOOHDODDDODEGHRB9G00008so & 7 § g ! + < ake fs ate ree) > ductorterneours pouer Dem eV jen = Cav 0. Veena) at ENERGY t- Copuciti, Av oto 49 ; a [E= Seat] (ez P+) = § Pott | ae ACCS | od) egos Ee. =akwh x thy Kx 2h ov C Ulecti col) Duits * vy 4 unit ot 4kwH = (ooo = §00 = oo ee€é - ye He 0600000000000 00,00000000000 9905000000 xtwol = zooo Wx + by1@©00800000050000000000800000000800000 delivered = VT Pal kw sexy | roy ft —+ T { ' : a if 1 | | ' Ena [Py ob in § va ia ott b ia Ratt a$ueolt |, Eee § Pe ele a Qev ay -obt L > But for LTL - 2 LCV Es (CVae ok > Bur Yecv — _ 2ENERGY STORAGE CAPACITY Mma ‘Basteny :— > dhpere- Hous ( Abr) {Bt pedest cde Cad! ah us Vo m file | i + ‘ § Catt plugin —> 327 (isco — 1860) m Al © Gut Lretleried > 12M> ho Ah i Eas Yl 4o hy 2 40. A & Vhy 3 2 A x 2h +s 4A x KOhy > goA x L lo = Kircnorr's LAWS + — ty K oS! Lew > KCL Nocke Pond on dow a lowe eae) (ahenedi on of go. Charge » y cal pon -Ts+Ie+ Ttk=o eV tb Qvolt+cdy iz de QADLA THY FH HEAAAD oO? 070 0 oo0000 @@SHHHOOHADDTOOOOGDB0OAIBSOCOCOCCHOHHOHOODOHHOOHOOCOHODODD0009@ 90009 ‘TAG 4H SLT L/valgbucbly Hy Curtet is Cousins gut of the uoolk | 2 K 2" Law > KVL > Mech > Preurel an Lae cof Contry otter of enerezeg EV Neon © 1 CY IR kei ESTE at Eq: a Ve Mtg Vee KV “ L 5° Vg + Vat Vet Ve =O Vs a? on.ve VesiR ard risielt ayEp Finch E,W, Vee “Sg 7 eee -~F=10 4 Va t6-F=t0 . : Vasey vig ates Oo Vie v4 vi 2645. a oF Elements | Ro= Rr Rr Ro Re L tn ea Ge fel oe a od ae Viola ny kel Current $ Qtrtes of ov | [oe welts Cn now koriat um arieo . J arotals KCL >I > Ctwtent Aadurcts Ort don Awe), Pi ie yy 7 Aoth 10 pat ques Hacks Ke iret Orn . | (© OO OLOCHOHCOCHHSOEOGTODGCOFGOOOVSOOOGDOGOI00ee.deeeeesecvecescorccesoecgoas0000000 | Nobtage Aaurcr Of aug welue Con te Aen | ® Povatlel Commection of Elements: (R\ [- ae + Abe cc veh ag ee “ri ¢ 1) ~S pI ~-p@ A ral oO = nO Ora oN 2 tla? volley A aurcro of oti] f Nels Corn diol wu ll « Thay arvolesAe KVL 2h 2 ably Adine diciat dn UL, Phy mune & de equal toth Ae avoguitucls orl spotowly + hes > Rrodicak wlty Adit Com Cy tocin dm porele . : > Cum eeurces of Muy welt can un rareO oOo a 5 O x Oo Ss ee ™~ 3 a | o Sie noes ire {o | Rox ie = wi Q ! a} tay pdeainn wlesport eo eo macgfecked + “afte | arn, te 0. | ' i \ ! a) \ a i j 4 Shovt Civeuit | s.¢ > qu a sc, V=0 fo og SD Rac? QB = © SE fd iy Shey promis atemet tn parallel te sc. / cam tre Mmegkectre! j 4 \omegleck: mc i — @ neglect onc, Live wire faults sal Athy ergs roeing Ju cae ‘J Uf d Ay Durance are mere clog ergaura thon SC. bens: . cc Always Lowe fookicHon , boot ee hy & Low Leutl, why bey dewyung tare Corvech voted of wae: Ss ferntou jy offertol by Hu frat rhrse Kuwtnk coon flors a arn froin koryuk termine « ©OGOCHHLHHOSGHOGODGOFZGASGIVAPIGB9OA9I9COOCOCOCOESHDHOLOBOOQDOConpuct ANCE + > dt ae Me. ability Aa eovoback le deicaly oh ad easel oan fate clos COqoliebor \ Ge! Cuetec iy! A > : to Via) Povo be i fy ae rot Units t-. who Cu) Ree ene a Ge -& ; rel v S see ae a Bog ae Coon cluetiw'ty) rrr LL PU SI . we r Pet Verte = te = YerG Ww z vee Cea RV Cea A 2. te +t a Ge 2 as G Gp = Gx Ov Dased on Concluctivity + Roiak > Sidi fl ohh > Ward wn righ curt I oloai by Caupect sys. > Domeshe Inctuatral, Mle PCB Saeeeeacicersitislececiecr ie ceeeieciseraI ©0600066080000000000000000090000000000 Gol Bl (Te) Slluninium - > ued an coclrnek > heal Te 2 olisfriduabron B Lig lA atin le ae fs ‘Voltage’ Division Rete | > Series connectrol slime, Orly it at deve Me ar 1 RK Ru \ \ ‘— Vv —} i w a i vee Vii2 Vv | Ly tho iS Va = VL Bul “ut hes “ate ons R Re Ret RRR RiRVBr RRR ARR Rt =| ;DELTA: = to- STAR rai “4 Re Rp bin ‘ ea 1 gon 3 R= RaRe Rar RytRe R= Rak» eo 9 (je) °. a ‘9 e 8 eo) ° ° ° ° Raa RyrRe ° 8 ° | Le Lele ° Lorlytle ° ° L, > Lele ° La rlys be © e- Coen i= GQ ° ce 1 yk tC 2 1 cme es .) a a Cy e 2 1 t+ yh e@ —_iA * Gane Ce e ° tal a e dbo _ Ge Oe Md 4 \ ee Oe ° @6900800800008 6H9000000000000009000008) Lo a. Gy Gr eee = aan Gu Ge Srar -to- DELTA oe & & & @ @ {Rh . Rat Rr Ra + Rika oR Ry = Rar Rt Rk Ri Ro = Qe Rye RW eR, L te = lyel,* btscones oN oh RAG OE ‘| RANSFORMATION Source = Ar toleok walla Adour un Anito uth ately. Loe et Lowey ted wuts Lolal furtas Saree wn Moth Mow’ Heber Cereis tl sey » dernivels A pHi uta » ‘ x R * TeV Vv _— + =® R Ly | | x x SEs Oe 1.0 ~ ? QD vy = 3,8 Lg Y \ y “Ratings / SpeciFiewtions : > “Jha aepramd Athy am end. prorat x allowebl. Aofe avokuw {om Couriunen oper om °| an wleetricak clevrree . > Mert of aur Rechical ov ecb euic coupons ov nds arth sou tty curr, power, drop reiinge Ae. a COCGCHHOHHHOVOGHDHOHDOCHOGOHDGODOOHBHDGOOOOOBOKOCHHOHOHHHOOCHOHOEGHHHHHDO0HG9F0HO00G9SOGH809000 LY > conctuctor creas sectionnt area t > Mort VES bunlelour sued thst oneabing capo ty t ur Blpelricok © Electronic equipment an derignect dor Constems Voltage. > Pak Abicr auerrent ovr ity weecprocety clef eect upon hodiny lever. Low Wattage Vaal Iv ay RA . apy Gow Rtvt vv ey t tev sy @& which glows lovig htt 2 = 4ow = : * of Load 4 v R High Wattage Vy rt at RY * Tow ow Vv ID! eaBy (2a ae whith gos lari h ber q . 6oW > wort powtr bs obrens yh D> mor cumeudis chron oO atta Are dum SOME Us Sows alas tiers be bow Croan 4 capes lity oF Car tads copeibalits of Aly ayaa, ,4a E2uray iv B 2 5b > 6 SB Na |efeuey) ae 2s ES St sunt ay SOHOKHHOHOHGOHOOCHOHHHOTIOOCOBETZOIVDIDNIDIOI GOD6 vw ie 3 g x | x |e | ol > - 2 “ ; 3 a 2 2 4 a aw ee = a - ce ons reel Ee See : < 3 7 a a > = + 3 - pe KR 4 Vo 3 wv w Zz . 3 g + v i i od gx y \ 2 ow 3 3 * 3 ot ~*~ | © ws © 7 © OOO OB J) Oe Oe \ a ~ ; a S CODDODCOOOODO OBO 89S 8O8Rey cadll ax rom 2 to (344) Roe * Rey Ry Re Ray > Rey? Rea > Reg ° Gy tase) | Ren PLCOOHHOOOCHOOOOOHDOHOOTOCOBHOFDH0O9HGO90900000 veSCOCHHOSODOCOCODODODODGODVDOOSOCDVODDOGNDOPIAINOND &. = Y Rey t u yo iy ses BD) |" ex (2 lists) gait a wer Bdisais) | Ryge 27C14345) Alwoys converte Taterned gh ee dele . co Coan Fivy, dubbe Te stew afl vu Cob? paiul wy we et scotOCCOSCCCODOHGOCODOOCODOOVAD COTO FOOD SHB HOB A, 3 areneSOOSCHOHHOHHHOHOHOHHOSCOFOSOGOOCHHOHSHODCOHDDODI0D R ~ 2 Tht voi mei on IK Rag ronnie eo 30% [soll Carer] #¥° art CRATA) 2) MCR a Q Corpoun® {5 Rote = A Rs reare, { “ Tai a al Regmenac a Resere ' @ oe R= &+C2ury “> sux 2 [ 24K a 1 2Ra@e Bxz7RraR 7 HU R-8 =O R= z+ fte-ar-e> ree, at 4S 2 = a R= (225d @. - (eee sel va VF Nes ts {hr mp == —> \ ET | . \ The c+ 009 € eT MC> Ee i le Cm as Ce Asse mh C+t-\ =0 /P OO OHEHSEOTHHOHHOGOOAPFICPSEAGITVPEB®OARPQOOIDOS2©OCCOSKHOHLHSLHOCOC@®e@GCODCCDIVNDVODCOODOONODIINOO Sy mt (Cd wd Raslge Ort @n ed vette i io ‘ as Trewttbhouy dareren : Somver ty cee bra” reat. reer Olay & forte artes S KVL dn Uy boos tovfp E69) =0©SGCCSOHOHECOCOHPPGOHPOSOSHHSHOFDGCHONGAINBQOCO aa es o 45 a Lo oF a + T AiN A a 7 () ae | a oft 2 ane |e Ole > & r + 9 " - 2 + a, ! oe > ar eee a hh ee ee eehe Ray = cf wh Ray = al, a at vols, ipFte ree & loo lok vole i; > 2 \ 7 io aLtook ene eee eee ea LD CD sO «| Ray = $0 SL A > = My det is Ade , an efpecti ve sala SV a Aen by Ab pour ? 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Ws) 30> 20 V 50 P > Viv = ie (30) —> 30 Cse) 2» © Brew SOX20 - oe BO (sey C30) ~ ee ZL33VSana -+ (2A 2 \2A 2 0 > SESQCCHHSNHSHSHHSGOSOSHFSFDOOHSVOOOSCHSHOOOBHS9HDBOSG Theorem Bi- TT : [hevenins Theovem — dun ay Lire Liteuterent Cortror) [e+ Cos boy Mibrd 4 AGL oeg, weai ston , th wil eben o/p Kavget Aomi nel defi vreck tan Let cowrrted uit Aten pte ult eraislong ee ae Ah A Aavi eda2eoqoo0000ea MeeeeLn oo Cotto os Theorem ho Novtons’ Theorem :— day ows Lanreoer colin, Leiherkred | ae ws Louris ben Ano. of bubygy Acted) , reais yee Avith open olp towger Abr wivrork afr rset Con le counter ano oO dimp ie “(us Cousist ins “| cument sare sn parethA wilh merinbourtr. x aK — RaeRmn aw —_Y¥ Y bere : Thevenius A Notour oqyrivelodt ne duceds of each ottur . ie: “Tuy Ort AMUCL Frrcuss forme tAte « Category L:— Yroblems with only es indeperdeat sovrces Deleruine current ¢ oe dubtin 4 © Thevenriu we. ® Norton He © -rrevenin SEE TSR AU — u Reh Db ww?@@eooeeeeoqgooo0eo0e0000000000900005990906~ SOHOSCCHHOHOHHOHGHGOLOHHOOGSSOSHOOGOGO2S990 e090 4 wa ‘ Vx 2 $V 22 Vy Lan 4 b @Nortons tee. EE Rue Re = % St SS > Vin=z SV 10 494 Vt =O 5 (Gi )= 3V Sind ix Way . Then £ Norton’[@ eC OPOSSSCOHOSCHSHOOSHOCOHBHOGIO9HRDHFIIN000DCOCKOKCHOHHHHOVODHBOHDDDODODDOODDDODDOD0000000& Vin = 167 toCo- 208) = 6-32 = -16V oe le . 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Pew, thak Com Le hese frown he ule. > 4 qundeat =S achive element ove present in nw. wh oo evote eit A operating point Ze opercliung & Teo , V=20V T=-4A , Veo Rn LA + pee Vira 20 Min) ae [_s - S Vin= 20 Vin = Rr? Rree 5 fou weciproe te Hoorn carnel houog ei ty principle cpplieck in dg A. aT oe t+ = SA a a 5 tae the do efi A 8 ak caren “Cun dig Be sig A vaphly aupe peikou ep 1 sts Frou fy 0 ke alu By howengeuily priveipte wv T | ils 8A :of Hy A mel : applying Homoyouily Priner ple - = -af Theorem ace a Tellegen's Theorem :— | Lin Theprem Ls atrificdlion ef Louw of | cousrvetion of nergy - out we | pout at on iustouk is Liler Ou sued : guy a fevod. ea ths thterewr sud | week ko windy: PveLe 2° rat avd , nomp. of tlnerls tn nfs | ee SVT \ oe = EVE \ ites i | 3 Menty Tetlegods Horn | fe Kha cir ett plaurn Lela. Bz 423 1@SHOOHOOHHOHOOOORDVOOODOD909000000000900008€ i— Je000828C 8688 GO0GDHHOOOD990900000080000004 ‘Mesh : Nodal : © it 2Ci- ig) +215 431,20 © Vie Vive avy eo ® -utire =o i a ® igt=73Ve av @ we mE +3VyE 6 @ ix = -% @® V2-Vz = 2'x ® Voz din @ ike a O Vx = va Y= cl05/ A Vv, = tos/u V it Bf A V2 = 2258/1 is = -uSA, A Va = t8/u Vn = 15/0 ix =. 05), A ix = 10S/a A Vat b8/u V 18oV 45 A Wp 5 2 - F Psauree = = (Gi xe) + Be x4) = 304.95 W ~ 5 Zz Paine = ay x “e)" (Ae x Sa) “ce &) cy ee xe ° 210 go! a Ue uw = 304395 WMillinan’s ‘(hearem :— [Parellet Grenevstov “Thebven | OY Matlin’ theorem 1POSOHOKSHSHSHOSGHOHLHHHOSOHHDOCHOHV9HOOHOOCOOHOHAPHOOVEsouruosay (6 soHoman jeolnaeig wy Auyen pue sjenc, ‘suresfeig sno07 (8 |, suonwoliddy pu swisi0041 HOMPN OY (L (sistieuy T¥GON pue HSI) sisKpouy ang DY “OV ut aA 0 wdeoueD (9 sunojenz i Surdze a aul | Jo Sonfea afiasany pur SW “iorwedQ-{ “YOSWHd - sTewuUEpUNY DV (S. : suoitoeden pur Sioronpuy (pW suopeoiddy pue surai0sy] HOMION OG (| SISKIBUY TYCON Pur HSA) wauodwop jewuawuepung se 08Isey ~ sishteUY UNO] IA (Z) % dd puv so|durexg ‘seinuuiog ‘sup ‘sjoquikg ‘suonsioN ‘suonmyjaq ~ sjuowepuns (1) <5 “te ro SADT TOaTaNS 1 TONVINOAT (Guysooujug 1 q) SANIT NOISSINSNVUL ® SISATVNY XYOMLAN / AMOTHL MYOMLIN (GupoouyBug WD) SATAY B SIND OYLOINE / SLINDUID OELIITA AWAGVOV ONIUASNIONA OYAONAGIANOD + SIVLNAWVGNNA = SAT waNwEseaaNa TttM I /od T Iw /SRONGNRL TIT 1 BES I FTy wGOYOK TIN I 'UWEH I 3Ty $801 SUSIOAIU GUOSKO “Ur pw OLeDEQ Aa ‘iSKteUY WNOsID FeoUyT 26-4 suopeoyqn euorrausanty ay MON “umypnoys Koy cq ‘Swla\sKg pure SALON suotpeongnd [Ha ‘@anquoyien uA dW Aq ‘siskteury >H0%9) SUONBOLGNE HALL Mippes pue Jopuaxaly Xq ‘stnayyg d1No9Ly Jo SjeTUawWEpUNg :7-YVEY yysc14) NON HALL ‘Spsaunusyy pu wey wi Aq ‘siscjeuy WosiD Sups90uj3uq WED oor ee(4lUQ aa 409) sh n931D aseyg oan a CTUO SAT 403) SHOMION 40g suoneNby ayeig (LT -4(AlUO Sa 409) sisaiguds ONG OT SSHOMION HOg-om (61 sidoouod stayity pue stiopaumg HOMON (Ft uuuojsueiy, soujde7] Bulsn suonenby voauan Jo uornjos (C1 / 1 (wewoq-otuiz) siscpeury ynoui> warsueay (Z| froayy ydeap /= \OGOCOCHOHOHHOCOHHDOHDVOODOOHODGOODOGHODHBOOOGTheorer 4: - Compensation Lheorerrs :-— Vhs thesren ales us Uo calewlets tu corvet . wekut ce whe Fricot Jp arom elirs Aur aa weolloges 2 trvreut woh thts an Audejeckeoh Lhe fporounetnit eee wt Thin, Fle svat. 2D theo in ercluaively asec ts delormucr Ateacky ately wwor an wetcroun ig unatranrtrls . 04 frreckieed euclin sill thr we bernerk Dinter een alee Udlsak voles uber thay ane cor urcteat wutig Abo eireut . On plariny — T ammeter £0 - Wo ease curt fw Ths Tubevuek —— ests: eto ets octotearh Cosh rt bt slow A | [tert = Comp wrscdeol ve 2 Teed mle covupeurcestd Resor oll wig, © © O° i ©0086 0000008906000000000000000000006 aa |a _ _ : a oY) Fuwol dy change iy cureut tabroduteot Lug Oumwattir al th ber dnternet ead of oie Sd! wile weroauningy Uy tuwet xin 642 realy. Bronk. Moo” tebe win Ae ooly Abate 2 unilve oleered Ax Abe swelin aie Step 4 Feed ‘1 3 theove cally 30V S T+ 242x«x3 = SA | ZA Ct > Step2'~ Caletate compensetect vig. “Ve = ECLARL = S Co-ts) = 0-375 Vv Step 3 :- Compeusetert v [tv * serie Co.375> 6O90O000COGHOGO0OOH988H008 z eS Gas & C2U3) Ir . = O.37v) Q%- 0375V iisise 2 0051 Ao co nechiny con ee irk ari Hr tute! @ win. of ots SL the sunenrt wu thot 6 S2 @ rand d rekuursd ty e.os\ A ° Now, _ 1 e 7 ~ = GQ 5 eo @* Evvor = — x (007 = x (0D 8 @ = 0:08 xwoy = 2.05% ° e Cy cxceop Falole @ , a) & 8 F— “Theorem 10 .— Substitutton theorem :— da cry Lim etry ek be Ai Lobered lu © Cousis Hing of eo. Gf utr yy Acero , parsioeg ahomrab ete. Oy pooive tkeweut Co Ube Aubalt Lufect uu tenws oF iy eyiveleut © wlty ake tweak Yor furry 0 ( o ufw uo otis kurta Ds veel of Hi © eco0a0e Q ° ° nlw proviokect bie paws absortec 3 dh, fo aarive wlrunok 2 ih eypivetiattg © pudalbatech aaurce dy aceut: a x zx ms ° + yi i. ° | no | REY => y = i@V o ~ ° Y Y y ° ieee OE x TPatosorved = we rR a & hi eve~r e We dey 48 wey Re YER . Y ¥ ty oO sink © ° C peeve) wo} Ae eon work & orn Lon cluctor clean’ : S Qs & Jp osri ve e ah gh on. atalr vty dep — 4 an Cnr - i : ' ° ox duties owndgtis fy fie dain O) Ady iden 2 | TO a Hirgoreren - Rov 7 ON stats ° 1 phantasy eh chef: e cui trons tose)Visa D Urn aah bau Larcrenn ty dedati tube 2 a 4 DL frou wu 5 bV oO ° o 8 ieee Oo ¥ Q —— o gh alia chop were 232 vette G r0V, See 5 reas. drench blow K 2Y con O be Auls Lleol Hey on equivalrt athe ° 9 oof —— 6 Patasorbed = (SY XS Pos. = 2ExS Oo Ha 12725W nae 7 3 20 1A 3 *% ° ° Oo oO oO Cotleash y . out ( yA gk Cotleast) shy 7 \. oo % oe * © yeaa 0 1A cS ; oO v w ON ) YN Oo ° ” 4 " + Lat © Pays= \w Pots = Ww Palys = CUD x tha Oo . w 6 x A © { o® ° Es 2A oo y A + ° 40 YS iV _ oO S { y ° us Pats Cd loa oF 4® TY Her tle Latoreeot Lriitge ©600800000000900000000000900009890050 |a €000606600000009090000000009000099000900 \> x v x , Loy Thevtuin Heo: Rr = Rem & Vin > Ceennet Upliet aw ap pW cates a a) TE outy VINE ody © Bol QO Nang, Ipex 4 be cleberminnel Roe ob soUsing reetprocihy ¥~ Wdrin wo melo Ts preset Tt eee ot Ht A cA N Tey Curvveurt Cusing lowe 9 exihy dolet Row oberg eet eppeor x 6A th [s [ Fes “Ele | T6(4)- 40 coli oft 4 ® A clothe, of a SU peaintouree artll obtow uty appear the input / port weal Fornee ©0008 66060000608 000009080099890900000 |OROPERTLES or _L-NDuctoRs Aime VYoLat dt Octor de eacitation , Mo 2 Vito — > Inckeke Ts S.¢ {om reteset Dc @ Mn Luotuichr wrt alloug auctor choy ¢ au Ceeweut Hever ir. 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Res Tcl @® Prrockicek Calparitos ort eousicered to Dou sony hare & riekeotic nts. blo pudvedes vo Aliy wunrcly 96 ae 7 ¢ - : 2G. Q @® Capoeitor ane ovoitart ob || stores aiyen % dhny Ort ctosrfieel Ou div See crietectic Anodarck lolw © Thoy Ort seurol ag quer, COW pers cere , fowt fash correcting Lari fp wrtebo @©@06000OO000O0O2900000a 0065000000 00000000000000000000000908000 csiqreak conctineuila, 2 awerne 4 A Cae abanfiding obo ote a CO Wiens Cott B Pout aya. ow Ley> 5 + [ional] i 4 Ley Beta . ja, 5+ [er oud = oer 2 q mH. an 2 > wor an vn mg a Leg. x4 y vot bey = + fered Lew > 643 7 ‘= gg HtHV+ 5 yu 4 ain | =6 at dt Qx-4ay =v ® a [Se - db] +2 Gh + sgh no a at -2% 4712 0 —— © SeeeceeeeH cose HO9sQgndcodHOOVOINNOGOVIIOI|SSCKCHOBSOHBSHOHHOCHSSASGCOHHOOSHSHVHOHGODGBSG90QODAND eS yn AM “6 Get s)| x ton = 2% KX tO WH, § sealecl 9 due ah én z= 2% WH Pre a al 15A > a Els A OMS USS UZ-Smd ysmr isu, = 157 a EL> 3 Cormd CIsy = 22s mS tgu. = COR EL = L@w Coys WORT” 2 Tene wnorgies at an aectrounag nefec form Cde fuer ; G 2H D1 de tewert Pouiny Aeros Du ee ay eA Cent, peer ty ot hy ard tt, it) ogi 2H . +) = 41 JL ity = 7t avez a 4 V pulse em drt cm (ey = ta VE FD FOV. “Chor De L us shoteet )We ame St < toy ¥ tty =s-2t+e => vee d Citi Vv = -4v 14 ez tls) > ey) g] Gurrewk- flowin Horas 2h tudluehy tlm) rbd. Plt vbtey dere ik. ; @POCOCOCHOHOLOSESODOHDDOCOBO900000909900000 : i . ve | ms'@@CO0QDNTDCOCOVGCDODDDCODOCOCOODNO DOOD OOTOOD0909 wt to msec ve 2 [2-1 2 av T At impulse impulse a At t= 3 msec = —2-2% =<- ve 2 [ae soy impobse No at LEG Meee » vo 2 [ee | = +3V A preach cof cork era orn wn as fee of aA 2H & rerio of # enctlec! Juuniby bu Canent a heuer beleon dna thy Rotel eurgy cebowrtul dg HS ae 4°* 2 see . wit) iw we 2n ae —_—__—— tec Eas “STadt = SLUT AR oe . Seat eal + Sout ° ae rel 436 [4-e] = ZARA =3¢ 7Enreeer 75 PL lt av ot ott) 4 = y a . frauen clk + ot 6 hte) ott ie eos Eepsotel = 16436 = 1325 Ya Bn dneluctor 4borer euerey qe AOL, Thins variouree Beene et onneg Lu former aun thet cleat. A weber Lhy Duorege. Or Loony 24 oxccitation eb geuen . 0 wuergy atorccl dre defn fet 4 3€t dy Khe erty ator at thy ahh Er AE = ae (29 C6" Gee) —- as. Io> iis Finer Lo tol ouorgy (OND) obuut 6h second. a es Ge PoC sec) OSES Gens WET SF 24855 itty = 6 6 . eho Liw-e> = = (4-6) wy {LY BET }®eGSGQHSCOGOCOOFCDODOGONODGOOD9HOTODOG9ODNDIINDIGOOSOCHHSHOHHOVOGHGSODKCHODOODOODGODDODDDD DVO GO 7c fe fe (2t +36) clr: = (6+ 24 = 12037 Estmca = 36+ SE ah C-3¢ +e) ob 36+ 3 CEs) eh Bayar 36-36 = os " “ E akacrket = cc ay = ax? = laure eee Sx ar Ty Ces Ce) = Jun a the i[p loop Cap der Feruceg , bye Vs = Gms) t+ iam S50 Far SSOKCOHASHHHKHOOHOHSOGOHDGOODHGFOODOGHOSHOOSO1@ C @eee0 ¢ oOo eee rs) : oO See 608 @e000e00 0000009 @o0o0goo Sa? GOA n ve aN Sealing toy toh naa B bes phoberrts °C’ Ceq = ZLB KO = 22-3 ALE F\ equrivetout Hav Cag ~yr calpacttna ont ervoms col: a fap a2 wn Prucher molicely Ther breeleclwu wits Riaitl. aJAat Me unos oll Hin which eel ouilere uf cour work wo Lrtateclaun 7) ong capocit A dumee -Ailtruirk ana. Afsrage ee sur(s nn ths elue AF (2V) a “ XO? For sO \ a 10V ¢ For ot lous Crovd v[41=° > Veit5 V. Le feral: Z SP Vz 2-8V RoR Are ee Se i ole = 32 Wor Coq io + 0 = ALE tb ci Gonay = Coy Viune = BG x BE! = 32 Uc D Tivo cafp.asi toa, of 4 UF £ 2UF we Coumect f cin 20g Merord & 30V De Aawrck .Ginok Urey rteocky wlteg Chore au eek, Wow 4 thor 2 Cofpoettors. ar cliscounectel pom aup ply ZB counted wv ke palo hres bogqelhty , rum olrbermuru ateooly atels pbb Rekorge on 2 Cos, |@©00060000000000000000900990990909000SPOHOOHGCHOHOCHOHHDOODVOGOBOOCHODCODOBOSOHDDOO pay Via * 220% 20 v Viu = 300) = tov 30V 3 Yon = txdo = 10 4c Of aue® qu. current lelvi oc by a4 tweet & eqpot un ALMA counrectect Lom outs Ham am ahr eg ds thorg ave th Le 2xvo = 20-UC Aboket kqyprcek [awe da’ seri es Corrurct et Coefoaes tera . a q.= A. = 20 UC. % Het, Viz Ver V Pyke ew ae tal: ci now en v 2 ce Ch aie From Row i Conn bry eh our of charg & qitge~ 40 _ et 2G m 20 2 Gor SO ALG > ‘ % 24. > SQ UC VE Vez os BE ; ey Ce > J ehemmdue Ate coli atoly wl aerornr 2a ca fp oritor & mug atoreél a ef ook,Gye CV = UxXG0= 240UC © SZ = C4) Ceo) = 7260 Uy O oO G27 2X60 120 UL oO es = Ee, 2 6) Go) = Bemus e o 40 = Ua 60(2))= 20v ds* Ja = 3% 7 eee aa E,*€s = $Carlacd Bes a iA capac tor Aanin y a Chin on Grow section vnca 4&lw He phates of Fp wt dak “blo Hs plat or “d' mebes | dy rw ctippel tu thnk alchohol upto d,m. LO dot an Ly rekto a Capacttonte I Jaap ore % 0 tor pun waritny Jb tule ty wth etchols? [Consids, r= 25 for \ eHurk aleo eet Y donvcaigl*® Byoe: C= A€etn = Ato C1 &=1 1 ° ol C Coury 5 SCeoeseeeeHnGoovgageooodnq0q0qg0gDOI0O00ND] SOSOHCHREOHOHHOOCHHOHHOVPHOHSCOOCHHVOHOHODOGOSOBDODGH = > Deterwaine stecoty Atel alta cere Corppaci bos Zi ceenert Herctugh inoluc firs 2k Ly 7% + Cy by ue \ Rye 2raré ns pe ee é 2a SK al .Ty=Ti.2 5A ty -30410 + Ve, =O es Ve, = 20V nef Va z= ov i rv OQ Dlyitisd do walt of TR dm abies te wary 4 bored ay Jon lence 3 eocfocrer tor Ont og prorr, sum) sa t= Sx = oO 7 Raz 24+R ee eee Ole © . aad Now _ 2 nen ya 1 Cigoes) C6) predepe) ~ ase yeRS = RS SE STEADY STATE FLL civevit “Analysis :—— Renew » Danre Ve Vig ST Vw Yvan, Jun > Ormah Ulu tors omg wher ho (wore! (sed weetmy = 27 co OM io A ay Tet > uot Ea aa alae ° aN Vor Ven sh (2 t) Pare dyvey TO Wa =A at a = Dorey 47 = 2T = 360 = 2oms, | © 00006 0000000 800000000800000990050000SM©OCKCOCKOODDDDDOC OOOO CHODSDO0D00B9N00GN009NS Standarcl sine wave »— Voc = Vw Sin (wot+d) ; A= phove sha] F Col) Ly time stul + Viz Vuasin(wt +) stot Vi Comes 2ovly Haroun V e° V, Brelg V dg ¢ c+) Aaeotin 4 Va = Vu sin(wt-e) por Vy Lams V yg fi” > fogging, Iuvig , P= 60 BES D> ZOWSEEE 60° —> tsb tsust = GO. x2O MES = BBB msec S60) we 2S = 2TKCSO) = LOO TK ret /see: y ° Sw. ° Veo o Y ie S => i ' cme ‘ ° A ' 4 ° \ —t wt \ 2 J ateZ bf o. ) : : eo bron ° Atrwarid o : oO \ * Dave shift Coun Le ° tarily uncle toot fou © plore Aluf& Cie. weirs, © Phosorn >. e Tt also Knelicot the aml © ° alate | [P] = 2xiy > “Reckomguten om (Ale'vlLo > Potor Jom S@eeosgogeooocdgocoo050dn0a COOCESOHOCHOOD ECE OEAPODDOOGCOCOTD DD DDN9OO0ED0008 ole ; ‘ { : i i ee [> powe dul, [eeie dae bgt ———s vedas" +4 > Leads OE > tb -80" js Lage Phaser relationship blu voltages A Cuvret iv passive element t— : det Vi Vu ‘Power Ale le\= [eat P= teal! (Sel F Ss aLos I } VARS andic Qu > 8. = same = vt sind pals: ! 1 Hoe Vi D oo value Prrasor diogreum * T lags V dg db p-scosd = vFeos d Cwotts) Ss wud= Se BS Qe Ss sind = Vi sud CVAR's) “ = : vr mes Vehue phasor hie. TL drat, Vi ty PSO +: R! L Rg ey Laggan 9) Cc — Qenerating VAR Cleodiny VARS )“R-LC_ crevit vi = SS Tamer U + Kero Ve ERvyxt -[xXeT Uke Vr TER ed Cxi-xal 1d A~K vr EZ. Mow. Z= R+{LXi-%el p= teri! Bice | xy > nek veackouces Te VEN LR OK | net Tuepeckeunce cern, Power factor cosh = ss sind = L%i- Xl 7 \ar + | Cast FP XL> Ke —=S ( trenvral nature i Za Rr jXuek oS electwcal 54s) Les sertes RI chk T lags Vt 4 Zor “Clogging PFD Case % Ag Xp< Ke Z = Rod Kuet Ls sein ROE dee T Qeosts V try b <8" Cae HY Xe he | zZeR => purthy menishve Tn phome with Vo deo, P= 4 Cver) C bee clingy P ry (@S2HOBHHODDOSODOHDDIFHGAOGOOIOG9O OF 9I000Ze ut[s (wz Ss acdmifierce CU) & S&S \ x fds = Y-43 © ha i3 an-S3 Zs 1 yaCoten fend & a GrsBe \ Aled Be ae * WL Zee Lys inductive suscephance cud whine Bez =. = we =2TT$C Ke “foe Ly capacities suscep tance LU) damper ctounee —> acl HH omneg rtartomte, ——> Ausceplonce - SOSOHKRHOHSSOHHOHHGHHOHHODD090GHO0OCO0D0GD0000000000 é/ Phasor diagrams 1— ty Sevies civeuits => 1 -'7es ti fF i ; i, (0) Sevies R-L chs = ' = A = _ / i 5 Vez TR LO a ve 3% ; - Vv Fe a L Ve XD Wm Ven cost = YE Clog qin) d= test (Ye) (b) Sevies R-C chr ve a = me: ; wee Vee ae aa ae V@ wae Vrwet Iv aa = XL Lo Ee Vea TR LO vy, = LX La Ve? TK LW ivts Ave ve Be bu! vce) Ccose +) cord Sp Clonysg) =T %, Lae IViz Sven POCSSHHSCHHSCOHEHFHOSOHLAGOOSHHHSCOSOSB9QDH9HD0G09 | LCongr-t KKK SVEN Cased XL = Xe PUHVE Ve i vel 5 Mew Ve Iwi Iver Over = beu ews) Ve cos d= Ve Clestiney (2> Powerlel ckts => Ves! OS ca) QPorallel Rr Ve = ru Te, ab tasV vy a L LR izi= fare 2 L ~MtLO . u v_ kA b= teu C5 Ag) Eee coed = Test Unadey atlel RoC xy Ce) Pov nis [eeGeny Ie Tobe - \ s c =tor (Te Dd re 4 sion (Be Tes ¥e lo cosh= EE BHOGSCHOKBOCOOOGCHOHOSOSCOD0O09O0000D0990800008 KX x Toe VA AX Ye Fe oe CLeacti ng )“© Parallel R-L-C : x TH Ye V® 2 oT Te aod lo Ty = Le Au eres Oo) Ke (eset HS Xe PTL >Le ose . eo (eel alaieate Gute) . af@ricke $ text ( SS) Coste UR r C loyq en) Ge = Case 2X. > Xe PITT. te Ile (rtecrety = af Te-2u eo tet [Be | Ter’ 5 =e Cheating) Coseca $ X= Xo > Tee Te ie deo 4 v rs Te [T\= Te pao Cosh = COS 0 = 4 CveF) IBSOOHHCHOKOCOSCEOKVSHOOHODGDOODNVHHHOBOTDNIGleeeoveeeocccoco900009000000000990000 So) 3 Aare 3 3A fh, > recs > 6A Br vaoke = » YA = ates 2 6A Aa, > reads = LS ht Ay > vada = 10 A A nady = cer -P.F =~ —_. qs (Eee7 Curr) ' RMS valve [True / Effective valve: — At uy thot A ready wolus of & Alina worgiug wlty or Cewek Tee wt cl cautal Poroevee thy ser,e| reo cy yin fy ths origtrel aveeurfornn for cefinike pevioel of) Kina - ae a > Wz “k) Vans = [2 Gtvcofat tose S7T ¢ yuat> ce Auerage volue/ Mean value Th ie thas steacty wane ot i ey pin saat ue of Aline tin cllak . 1@@GOHHDHDKDO0D00TSGGHGOVO9OPOCOOONDGOOVUNNOOOONVOO ODF@SGSCHHSHHHSOHHECOSOHOSOSGSSOOOBHOOGOBODOG Concept o§ Symmely — yey = te \ > Symmetrical TaN Lara ths Ash audetricell ave ara = l2xnwt=4 -ve oven = lu xcol =4 > Sy ven etri Cook Pre average wolut ou oly args goo \ (a) For symmetrical wou Sorm .— Oo fr oy kt Vow 1 vad’ > bo cyelt \ oe s (b) For asym chr Cool wore fora 1 - Vow) =F S vara —> Sutl eyote i5 Peak Tackor | Crest Factor :— = Vuay Vans i. ' to i | (ot if Form Factoy | Shope Factor :— = Vans Vor Teuk te Peak volve :— Vo-e = | Vana ~ Van | ser WM oak of Cur whechrical ulliheg application awe brot 9 Orde tH On Ao use table Reg aretuts co op ererreek « Om 2D, Doweahre auplolg an Jesolo = 230 V > RMA Value, LU grwever erp piicot ous Like, Lottery changing aecby Walia, Leelee vafiving pron be Uavelun charge , AO we colerk alt “ond. NOY + Standard wavelorMs 3 as Vv, Vows = FFs K) Vows ek Verda K « tc PF. = wt SOCOHHHHHHCOOHHSOHOODGCAOGOG9OI29NIDND9IID000Goe eedo0eo00oo0 ¢ ©000609000008990000900009 3 090 Vans = Mee oe v= Tt Vowg = ° —> Full qe Pep pap jt Bt Pe gett pee V2 Fes Te 2 ep! Foals Vep= Zur v Vrs 2 Ver Mow A a wt Vovy = 2Vu, 6 TT 2th 7 pee Tz eReCpe fo Te tens? se Teg RF 2 TE FF 2 SE cee : Ty al vee) 7 Vews? 1 Vows = kK kK ve * OF earner ee etal Vep = K > SHGORBSLHOHHGOVSEHGHOHOHONDSCGH9GRSOHOVTHOADSGVODVOININIAOpes —— AC Analog Meter U Mowing qrou by pe v ‘ ‘ @86690000000000000000090000900009000090 Res vodum Dc Analog Meter 4 PMc Ty pe 4 Average vertu Rectitier Type [eset | i [ Ava: | * ct simuscided wont fren) LU Ss Prochcal wafer ot not pol, So, svt sae Youren 4d tne prurt oun Ao cocfurerg thre frraekicak ul fey a cuwent aveuforns ink tenus of sine Cov) Casiue. 9! V CY = Vo &V, Su wh 4 Vy BIMDWT + -~--- 5 Vawe a Vo Vas = ves (Mey +(MaS) + oei= Let Th cos (wt 4) +Z3cos (at +5) 44. 5 ea va ® De ee 1 Beuale TEE CaS ish | ‘ 4 i fish yi | \ d Nou pucosetau exci btebtan t- ict) et VED = Vo + Y Sik tot + Va sinsurt vet) PVs Siu sub t Vy siwmt homer? ity = De + Ty Stasi (wt-) + : pooecevcc00 Tz sin(Swt +) 4 TM Cut HO Wat is owe, Pauty un wfus 9 er of ee dey, ot Aout, clout wee fourier Auier coucept. yity= Vi sin(wt ad) + V2 sin (wt -$) ——____,— = Used + Va £-% P harvey acholi Han => Vens= esses, Zz % : - te Lit Powe} + Sven iCHS ot avy) = VoTs * Me = ee ey cos 620-5 Sz 2 a ci, v3 ¢ < 4 L Ev cosd, 4 eis cords OF Tysin Caos tata O #06000000000000000000000%\ 1@ 060800600 0000000000000800000000000008 Bug. Power tr og a wala of Ce Pour swrivelorue Ly helt Llu prrodiect of wig 2 curout avent{one « Thin oy pourer sotist ain nest tive povk “he nl azshich uo Uy Ceowrtun atte | convertible, pov. 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Ch-® LS y lay =bG y Ctye Patt 32 a 4 8 Vowy = 1] fetar + Sieve s f Guternydt glo 2 t 2 Ea Lo(atsrci)- 2048) | = LOV cee 8 cuunssre | Vw © [af & * cs +f (csekare GCaFor *S - y]aco- ast) aos eorsGih-racea)] 3 = vz pestis FF BR <1.13‘ ae cl 1! , To lati (Mt Wsorbed bey elf = g “Raoserbed = Coognug)R + Choag) € . ie loene = e lo org = + = = °. Pans = 2. . ee Csynt + C2) KS - = bso. = 4o 3 = = 15-32 W a) “Lf ee cwrverk A ELD = 5 Cos (ooo t +o) B a flog Hvroug |n Onn in peclounce of Cusjs) ISL id= 5 COS Cove t * wor) eer => Rh AL=3 + Pag = de Gye TODAS T> ones’ faa V6 WEASEL et > oclik ‘poulr- 2 a Pow = Cirms xR she CE*4 = 25 "«q> vo = 5s0W @@60000000009090H00000009909909090099900990 mRCOOHSKOHOOOHOEROHSOOHOSHOO0000000800000 [s Tf Ue perio clic wlty a cusel Grae aban 1 FOR, to @ Lupe woltueler then wlot os ih, reacku 4 - PMNC, —> Ahk prowl Vow = a Se ot awlhidh dn Orta roll He 4 ° mnt vit) 4 2X25 eV ef user + ZR 4 HEISE is AKZO + 2 «0, pu xan2sh a {= z : * Mees Wet areq = 250-20 = 220POCOCHCTHOHOFOOHOHTOCOOOOGHOO0HO0G9OSOEOGS S34 we anad/sec ».Gaad nlw PF 2 Zep 2+ Carga lt C-24) = Case -f24 > 6% | Ld eat RE vio Fos eR 2 2:8, SOU Tees? rz ‘QPF = 0-TS CLeactivy ) ‘Zey = Cans a3] [or If Crd. 000000000000000000000000000000 gD 2 2ej{er*rt = 3452 a ZAQr) NX S a2 P ¢ a x Zoey =o —_. ‘ a ew eeco0coni a 6 Va = BOCD = 50¥ S vis [bo + ize tajrooy C1 Lory + tee Le" ». Mr = 150 ry too Zr = “Ss =(ts04 foo) SL 1 * y= wo Cos (1m t-#O) ait vet > pal xe Clb ee sin Cert to) Delevnive nv eleanreds - Ue, Vlty = zoos Cuovt-49 => 20L50° | = 20 give (lod E450") id = 8 cin (L@t +o) = e@ 210° Z> we SEG = es des u = ert a (1-6 S2 Aimple form of nw could be TRL Aries cht STR tomer Kyrie D> SLAG => L=l6uH dt ton alto Lt a REC vlw awh RXeSXe SMOHHOHSHDHHHOOVNHHDOGOOCONOGOOOIDDAF9HHOGODO0OOOOOH OHHSHOOCOKHOHDDO0D00OD0000000800 000080 Vet = Cole £0) iD Citi® Mp = (U3 £5-6)) VY | o . de rasan representation ®) Bind Te = of polar ua HA # whe tv te COND . AMON. sepresesdivoy bs MObink Tot (2060) Carls = Lo eS mores H Jad: o 2 ® yor Se @ VeVi Ve tla KVL eras OFF @ Phoser oy. O = Kt j BGs = 4X3 zie $52 eee See (on pee @ Y “tis “2s « y oo > = b. 2029 ~WNV= 2h °Or BO ye = cei fVee sO Ce L aes Zz 3 5e L 36.86 Rus | | ae lee eiyee BG. 8 | +Te>TirTe Ss {pata fet | ® vettaR we = 16% £36.86 V Vet EL CaXS = C26 £36-86) 656) = 25.44 LSdla’ V Ver Le Cixd =C4 2G £3696) (-j) | Se ase ceca aaa 6° VV © Vs = Vat Verve [ kvt 2 Rms verter] BES Wels (Wl + Wel = GAGA TET OF a “« Se for 21016 se eee ee es 2e2 Tz LAS e RAS wo kev wear [ ted ® Bor cakeutetiny poutr (ourider RES mag. Peer = VE > Ve te ot. = Gere ued & = cussed (16-96) Gee te Woot . = Owe 79.7 Ge @ z 6000 ©0900 e@ oo @ 9 iP®@e@eeGeoeeoons oo ©0990 @eo¢ 800 go 9Q.= Ale Xi = = CaCO = C2844 2 (2H-44 M42) 6 = tore VAR CobsqrbenyS ot ° \ tH on x A 0 s D 1 x ° Vv c Be Cea) Ges = C172) (4&2) 3 = 53.43 VAR's Courredinng > | Quek = Wr $6 — 53.23 : = 453-43 VARS Cobsortang i lagging ) ® Fetal Powe. S= Vets = tishz= 1st vet kes = Caro = (rvrdte2ey = Cede) 5) far = $9.93 VA's ® Pour Sacer = cos “= B= = cos8636) = = ie = 0-8 Cragg) Who chuck » : | wae SRC KY Pa Scosd = VeTscosy & = tou! (Mo *e) Out = 3 vind -U4Isox4 [st = Pa 6 d = tau’ GQ.-Oe ( e ) Feo eoe eens sone gsrecc cog eoceeesessoocssAhosE. ge Megs Pet Loe ; Vs ene psf Da=2{> Ter fue Lepefe? A Ve = 626 £-86.96V Novmally we tale T Vie 25g 2 Seta” Vv Or ved. but dure-we : Ve = A272 L~r6.86 Vi toke Vs 08 ref, dnteoy Ve otk cobeubatious ave dau wert Vs. Vs ‘ls | / Neale Ve | | WS Fuad Vee seating vol & teoclek ara aly ais, * Merve Mesh —[wo Lo] +! 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Bo tn Koay Adiunein Aud by poatlian Haoen Con praia tu ackuli ou. “Buk zr car aloo clo Hris probten olapha “Tron one. @M GOV AC Source ouly vd a qi- sole __. te Ad Gaysye fella 24g 30% “ih jk dr = 6631-6 Al @ wv VC seve Oy an ge We _ 7 By Set Zz Ta 5+ 6-63 cos(2t-e6") A PCOHOCHOEHSHOSCOOBHDOHBHOCOOHSGIDINDIONDAIDONO HHOol e®F®O0CODOCOBHDODDDDONDDHOGDDDDDIVO DD ADDDONDDQODO00 For__! > Lop 153-12) ae E ua fiaw| Faw | = “BOLO Vin = wVWe = gov l%xo" gu rt) mee iy ~ => $v Kis «Fee ¢sy) ol = Lo Sine t cos = 6 u . tt) = tose att = pet La LoV ae Saucy tov ae seurs sei ide) = T907 sin(t 4s)[Golee) Gers) = Poo _ bit ee) - [ese = Jee t : _ -§5 as if of (pave ot SELS Aheorers § =A C.. —m Moaximum Vovwer rows ew theo. | Thagh Hur ax 3 typa of plyricat : Powe eaisbing un AG arhiocky Abate ules, i the pawl Dok Js comuneb& / Utihiz le] Commer Re 4 ateg ably din “Ackiue pour or “Rowl Pr tu wotlk. Ao aor. paver dre fer Huo. ey Comfimsit Zo celine Paraer -muly. 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Ke re = Ss) Vet het g ertrete, Ak uavhe S=VIT we VA bd Suck LAS Kee effect. ee de cue elemrout Ve (vt 2 oh > Y woe Avent Ro Colelete tut Powe yd = {vl itl Lore” > Courect awe “ eer) fea pow VI* = (VIITL L&k-B ey? av wid & T= 1kL-® SS just VI procluc’ Ivttrl 2 e- BX —> Cevuaider s*= Vit _ = wit at ld eeeae Hee, Vi = 204512 8 wee) ye Sth - — Coleulodt » BO, un thy ules VER) > 2oxjle > '2332230-%6 Vv | iG) 3 SHO > 64 LBR6F A Coexplia. Por s*= va* = 1G 2G8 LE 769° = TAU ITIVE YA or aur nfs * ie é. P= Lat watts. Bee UUCT VARs Cqenmreting.) a y Ver SV over esinezt Vo, Vem 7. Z+ Nee AVe 4 2Gvi dt : + ZB dt A Si VR 4 —€ | mee 1Sy gee Zt47 BCOSr . te a acme cos zt) ane Vis avait Vv cos = at . ige (re xe) n (yt = tA | 5 De, a= _2 4 ‘ | Lip ircos (eat) = Ip Car “9 tLesd 412 CoS CB) = 443 4d +1r0sd = 7 = + =>(S=60'} |\PSGORCHEHSESOCHHOHOSHOOOSOHOHIISOGOHDOCO VOD©0060 660800590000000000000050000000008 q pews Least patel in GD reas ts OW thon robot Ts ‘WF’, How » Pon = ow = oT cores 652 reaLis ts Bevo. a Vit Ve C seu tu Asa, Q plore). = y fis Vex 2ote |S = woe Las” Vee tose Las? = a Ste WoVe2Ve = Ve 2008 Las? & dor xohot chet fropuerey | Har n(w cela cr Tehran! CEwert Source blo Be Ax SB, Leen tured sauce => Zou = 08 i , Zou = (Se aL °4 C2511 3) “i pa = Ye Sod eo" = ~- g 4 z-3\ ‘ Seed = eb alorsST ere vz) Vr = Cooter 3 4D Lo 514 a tov sR y crm TD cad 2> at t= 1 | gant an\ii sol-as Nopat Test frovesd + vbedwtl 4 = 0 4-4 V+¢ a ma couse] tos) + Ly bows Dh ae LN = C304 uscd + Gol) = (30a Lew D+ (gore ERED nveto > VrO = By Aderts ALL woe. poute 4 xerug [ertol bh He Loact ruupeclource, dt rs 0 ¢ eral coat prob. a ere) Ml és) ~ ist “a * For unr + ZitZm = satis % Quny = Wil oe AR 3 @e00 oO oGg00 ° fe} f 3 |. ooo o0900 o000 oo0og0cT0000000 ° oO ° ° oC280» 4: Vie 220V, Viz a2V, Vas ig6eV co Soid -hoact Pout focrn WY R= SL, What ts pater un He Looed. Ci-e ochve power jh watts > { 1 1 Load Poutr Sect» Cosh = cos Cvs. T) Niw Pew {act > @s&= cos GM td) Dll This BD Bard au pPravoy ohiagrecs ' 3, aaa Formula + Rye J Rs BOA ARR, OSB eS ie eo ow. Cos by = 0°45 Clay 9) rs J Gudss (igor 20:22) C36) CoSd S9OOBOCKBSLOOD9SSHDPDDTO90GCGRDONDFTO9O0D9D9N0R0090 re erSOOSCHOSCHHSHHOHOVOHHHOSHSCHOODHOHODDDONBOBGHDOOOO r— Now Bast uses P= ‘Woo? = ire = {IyIvi e : oe abo ; poe d,= VA ‘ ( Vy , ; va EV CosQe = BC) KOT : = 62 o 7 P= Cee = 7s0w = to clateruiae Ie& Te 1 Uaily Rec frocety Hwovers tu fin oh wll Vv 4 Sse * Vie ls Last f2nz\tCty Base Sees ~s-7 Reuprocat nluo V = bio) 944° G0 sles? Caso6 ra How Ss ‘ we wo )y oO ” Cakes, Pau © ot ‘ - 7 . 9 Ao wt 4a a coup bar pouty tee ac ame heer ° Elevaeet * Ss - ——— v L T V~ Remarks ° Vs LoLo® 2.23 1464 J 22-3.LUSeh Source > Peper O pow 16 [-363| 5230" (52381 50 1-38:68° Source > Apportm * patty oO 2gaz LO". Sw > Aetivy . Poveer | qo Sink 3 fl Ugg L-S6oue | ZBL ST” gay LA Sek "pooner ck) ‘a5 [120 SIMK > Recetire Ts j 42+ 8.34 12635 [atv arest L C 8l-6s | scact [st Petr 8.) kw SF foto] x §2 Ti F8i t FHS UD HO @rg2) Db, + ww 2.99% Sie ts pope robs 2a tS) 2 2.23 Lotus! Br Fd Dee bit sL30 = ‘g.rgh2e.3v Vez 2CTg) = en leerl E Tr, 2-23 Lagu? Wi = Cizy TL 2 Ce Lao’ C22 L-W5.«) = Who L754 vez CfyTo= CAL-WY C9430") yo acor ° @eeoseeeeGO0TOCHHOSGDOCOG00a ©2600 0000000868 08000000000090000000000 To verify Telleg ews Themen » EVI" feauee =~ SVT fine LUS = [22.dLiarw + [so 133.60" | = 207 2-32-97 [va Ruse Lrriwl0] + [44 leet 4 Les p-ee'] = 27-0 [32-8 VAS 12) Fesvol tly abel t an Jur nuutrel tte dsatin 9 Milles Hue. eoplow eht alguenr: fo Hor wbotonrcet 0 zt Zz V=Nuo> shalt t+ wenthod . aig ~ ~ io) Lets) iodo. Lop L~ sa) Ce) <> 4 ¢ a SHS s S oie 7 a- aEVe 2olo + lua ]-los + 35236 Las” Oe + B-Lr-olt + O.2F poUe = p2ugys Leg t f) = U7 ee ip Come Cucnton, Hebe vy Feud chrome ad gue \ De eels beer oD ak - 5060 r ooo 1S Ty Fane esw 2 Sot ees = 27 NLTOLS se Feud Cou paurscles vltg, Ve = T[Az ~ par wlooel [3-9 = 54.22/u9.6° euockih wl ) . Covapeuactiol” t= 54-08 L406 grr to" 6 Ts 2K eS 34 fen -54 40 sed : tn “ i rGvl 60 aye Tes t{2 432 , 24-3}! = ial 7s fA SSSOHHSCHHEHOHOHOHGAOGOOOOAPHIHSHIISHHSFBOOBODt Y SSCSEOHDOHMHHOOCHHHGHSOHDTCOCHVDODADOOHBODIAIIOINOHD Duais K WD aaa! Tuo cb on clued of cack, afr rf bs mane. 24" floc chore cher ye Out of Moen dee te Dow welrunreaticrl fore on My rodtel ays the chr oreehe'2 g, ly ree oNur . Prcuciple oS Duatity a Poot a utter 2 wrrewts %] 2 undeperdurt ulus ddlustretr Hr prcdptt ef Duality ~ eM e Fd 4 Ve + : mayE Be SS Bey gece EM > CAV. ‘6: = e vy i . Lol—- kL Hes. kVt “Wedala leh, vet Vee ave® -Py+TqrIctivs ~VS i i “Tea Ve av +A CY" Nes i * tals pSidt Is-Viotcst i SvatSome Dual Elements rome Vucl Telew ent = ‘di s+ dv vVeod at SE a a ae : ; Svar ay Vangintot <4 Tusinoh ‘ ‘ Tn Es (Cn eo sc Lemme Theveniu oo Qertou KUL => we * 4 4 Seien <> Varaltel Y A Meal <= Noo & se enacted cutset <— Tre-seb Tree ee > Co-lree zy “Twig ane Lick |chorel aS & Sf tw Aa Ee sly in pored hd Cqettang chorect) Cyetiiny openect) oe 2S be | Polarikg a direclion lB “Duel o 2 SU vreaintouc => 2 Sem Cordero i |@eGDOCGCHHKOODDIVDGIVHOOOOCNOIDOIDOINIINO OOO DONO O| \ eo hahaa louinut Ls duak of it thom Lelow 8 ev [gy ey wari ba oy nlw pasrceb’ ou: At RR a L 5 Vv Novar. . “T+6y «ef - a4] ar AT. =O Vierv Mes yes —®@ 4 Sit «ih-is| =e © alhad fie sa] aiid + Big 46 shit +4 Gigdt rw 4yiz-0 ig-ty V2 OP Vx = 2] dh dy ot Ae wor A Gu vats a [Mr vst =0 —D a tal Vga} + 2 [Shs - ME] s Lye wa 6 Va #8 Gg ad 4, Quad £10 P8620 Ve-Vu 2 tix —© 3 si, = 27M ay. d¥e | —®POCOKEKTCHOHOSOOOVGHKOD0OHSOOGOTOFT8RO89ROB ~ i> le®OOCODD0O0ODDODDODDDVDDDONDODO DDD O00 09D909000 Network “TOPOLOGY = & | | Grrarn “THEORY “Topology “Topology he Drone Cf Jeomebry applecaly ky tedtvicel ckbh shee wer handing , abrttelans , ars pind p Abureolrcn 9 , deing wo Aust , K0len et Upawrtr darn, ete ww nok olistute thy celeb fooparts. > Shope of a miu dually wek not affect civewit onadlysis . Graph Ot giahh ia akolebon mefruentedion of & ml soda teeny wenrent lo aubprovirel Leg jh welur R mtpregdtet ooo sempte Lis - Maw » one Tedeot vllg source —% Sc 1h Cutt 2 —B OGJo ainplrd Ale ert, eg) wales x Us gut Consider froucple tole uly. + gewrall, > Nodes —> verHeea Fpomelee —5 ectyes ; > Node oe nuunbey. > 0,0,@,-~-. Brreuelits one ts > U,b,¢,--- B loust uct dy comect grep a eat ufte : : et vltg => 9-€ Current > oc SoU Node Ch) 2 neat Bronk Clo> b =6 | 5 Murty Cm) > ivealepenclout l m3 |6-4@n F | hoop &) (aise) Q=stqe7 Youth A polh uu Arewerrel pour ent rroke tr Pronollr, uscls titrant oreertng te New. mice AUC - 8 >» No. | poor Le faut, q™ Aly cb au Cpr eupdy fora vod O fo vrole@ FS 5 mee ES Ip A As \PSGOHCHDHTDHCOCOCOODOEHDODHOOHODOIDSO HSH OOPOO0GB svn x aimghe « © con Le anh a ae grep of Ex . ~ “VY WY TS = Directect Graph A grape iy reict Ao te chi recteot «[ every elgg Ly given & weferenrce diy * oddly un licakect fay plocen ¥ Our draco on brerg Aron. Nols -— Thos wefeener crentetinn anre0ocl aah ee cn olicote current clr ° Connected Crvaph. : [than chet i B yroplr an praid Le Le Cours Ane ajk cue poker pow een nocke jo eer) ou, molt By Fp aw | ci ee oe oe oo eeeCompe ‘Graph [Completely Couneckct Grap i. oyrafr & rciel to be Complhe graph F ae Pott fen en tbo wey ini roche} i < i oe aS aN a, b Uncenneckel Graph .- S wWirthy Counucatiaus nlws 2) > Magne oe "SAE Ko WAU. ALD - ekg ea to arrotee & | Qrepdr Cornplele © Lert Cn awelro 6 Ce B nod Guragh Edges 2 ae 2c) 3.23 Go 2 5 ONY A WY 6 = HC) ov = sl se 10 o9e0e90090 800 SeeoeTSHaGoOO9SOOHoOHooaggeTree A Tree tn a Aub graph A am dun qrepr dvtich caunecty olh ty mocles sett aud Yormen 9 welorel Loaps « The vouk o| & tree aula ‘? roca ws Gn-vy. Buy Covrcapenclingy bree of & giver graph ath 69 Aroekee cuthh Lowe Or) ola e4, (n-2) n i {or n>Z > (uplbe No. of Lvees = hl aly det [fetal] 5 Jor omy grape + fleduice cf Juccol wha, [Ar] Ke eine Ju Sronelr | a tree 4 apecipicatly collecl a a Twig inchicateot Bey Murch Line ADg eA J guy Free wie “vw mocha Aon (mr) tw « Co-Tree CComplivaout oS Tree) Thee ret of Wranclue olluy thon Me brarelw, we & graph coll lively qo a Co- Tree Link | Chord t Ua romels of Co-Tree 4 Afecific coutleof as a Linke svhich t melitatsl Lug oto Hreok Lins. bor cag Comepoudling bo Tree RO vet here bein Links. COOCHHHHHOOOHOOHOTDDDO00OD00000000000000 @Grarn = edges + ob = NS Gla 0. of port Ube gtru fo Hs ule uplr caruu belaw tr a eperesedy, Thane on CQ d — oo ¢ . e x ‘ eee mM Tree Co - Tree b,&e we Tuts a, 6,5 > Unk, TREE + Co-TREE 4 twigs Udks L : (ned + b-t™-) & drew —> This fs a Couprlile graph, No. of 7 Frew = yl? ee tO TY TOV NN V/V C7 FT PTCD IOP @OoceoeocoodCCVCOOOGDONODTFOODONDONODIOGOSIOCOODNO eSSCOCHHOHCHGCNOCOOOCOVODGOCOCOODOCODODGOO9FHDODOS Treicdence Matrix [AT Jk iy tha! anedrix Det g ivr welebtar Iplwu wmre- ef wrodso & whe. of Wneucdas & dhe Crioukotion ef porkretar breil wrt a wuoole. ; ver ices edges Jht Orolo} Hie amnabix iy (nx) & Wadd The ASB o} J cick eee Mechi x | wl Sn! wrwoddte vy (n-1) Joe we went of Us amobrin [AY = [esiTenrs Aohet Gee FL : ‘| i ranch wr tv eident @ ai Hr i aoe BR evieurkel Ou cy pron ah aig = 7! 5 i| uneiderted toworvedy =o j si mot siacictouwk 8 Coiatruck Ale » com plete Janciclenrce Metrix for orvieuttel oprefpl eauin helaro : a b&b cd e & @}-1 Fr 44 9 98 3° {al =@|o -t o c+ Bo @}oo0 4 +1 @ el @}*l 0 o 0 “tou aK The algetrare sum of thy eles of oot) Column soer Weoley As Servo f\ The clelermiucnt of Ici dence Meili of a clozecl ete Loop oprafly a —O Jucictencr mrottviv of o ebsrect Loop graft is °| orclty nxn ie Omen ee) 4 6 | ~fo- 7 Ss » fm) [: Lo jet lmy = Cres #60 ei teh oes) > Jun eb quctolenee Motr'cog oT a wn dleperdert ulwr qrapls Gx Polenbreak t Ante acid Lye Hr ope o nee | Redsrcert Incidence Mokix [Art | 4{ ome of Har rocks i ee gui rapa is 1] conaiclerect cx vneforener 2 thet pontrostery wows is aso ke wile uniking Hoe uncon unedux , Hen atk -ts 0 reclerd eeeoeveH8@gono0dnoo0coqg000N00000C0009 credyte Leg Comsiolewn +) Ay ty weno @ ppace Peqpniyt Usted LZ Atlevattdn Hue fore Aoluttous with be clecrease ch, e |e fom ebavt oprdtr i] mocks @ 1s conridreclg 1 wo ef, B thet parhioutoy wow @ is e ds. rclbecteeh » Han but reclucec! incidence °“@OSCHOHHHBHOHHOKOHHOHVOHONOHOHO0D0D9O999 90990 wnthiy 6 '. ej 8) Dee) O 6) [A,1 = 6 -l Ol 1 @ ° Cena oO 14 2) Coustruct Abs wviewtect raph aa n(w ee Junci deme Maluix a Juenr % * [3 A ° ° 5 <] oOo 4r-l so > Tle g tat dy tu (Arl Bo anche iF (complete Cat) beac emenc) pee cans, of 4 'y ly) © oO os | opt =o of = | of ©. i}. 1 of ® -1° Qo 0 iy ° 1 a The nlw graph bug mocks = , eclga 6 3) Yar nw. port, tres pow ule’ > Opreefelr “on dthegus ans a Hem sepercely, ° Nt ve > Just ceunected grap : No. of hea “= deb tLardiAet' |COCOKCTOOOH OD OHOCODOOSF SH GOTOSOHOEDDC® WD tres» — a geo? reer o KUd® ceetes a ND YYW are Ce, VAD wd by wc CDGHGOSSHOHCOFSSECOHOHGODO9SOHEOODGHOONGPDOOOD iG Concept of Funclement Loops 4 Tre SET Currents. 1— Funrdemetel Lospa ore chorect potte of Ke ref a lich or¢ forse our inte & eorex] Shon antici Tha aro - a) F-loopa 1” eusig yi ee ropa = AW. of Lenka te b-tnay Jhere {usrctoveneck ot Losfo arrrents o~ colld Tre-set ceeweur 2 Keer enenlatian a ae tug Het Liu wu xh, BY ON - YH No: of $lowps = 6-Ced = 3 St, = abe > td $4, = bcd > BD $a, =4es > > e paler S , D8) forls\y a ea Sy at © — > ® ce: s @ Crk dé el 7 4 AeA a $ Shzabe Std — gqeabssrig Mraberhd $0, = eS ie) $a, 2 0¢5%h) She acde B+ in} fg 2 aci> b) §o,2deS9h) Sa.. deS 17