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Characters Studied Parents (P1 Generation) First Filial (F1) Generation

The document summarizes Gregor Mendel's pioneering work in genetics and heredity. It outlines some key genetic terms like gene, allele, dominant, recessive, homozygous, and heterozygous. It then describes how Mendel, an Augustinian monk, conducted a decade-long research project using pea plants to study inheritance patterns. His experiments led him to discover the laws of dominance, segregation, and independent assortment, laying the foundation for modern genetics.

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302 views

Characters Studied Parents (P1 Generation) First Filial (F1) Generation

The document summarizes Gregor Mendel's pioneering work in genetics and heredity. It outlines some key genetic terms like gene, allele, dominant, recessive, homozygous, and heterozygous. It then describes how Mendel, an Augustinian monk, conducted a decade-long research project using pea plants to study inheritance patterns. His experiments led him to discover the laws of dominance, segregation, and independent assortment, laying the foundation for modern genetics.

Uploaded by

king devesfruto
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Gene – fragment of DNA controlling the appearance of a trait.

Allele – alternative form of gene

Dominant – the stronger gene which will manifest even when a recessive gene is present. (Capital letter)

Recessive – the weaker gene which will not manifest if the dominant gene is present. (small letter)

Homozygous – 2 similar genes are present (e.g. CC, bb, xx, TT)

Heterozygous – 2 contrasting genes are present (e.g. Cc, Ll, Yy, Rr)

Phenotype – observed trait or external appearance of an organism.

Genotype – actual genetic composition/ make-up.

“The father of Genetics”

Gregor Johann Mendel was born on July 20th, 1822 in the Austrian Empire, now the Czech Republic

“Monk in the garden”

joined the Augustinian Abbey of St. Thomas in Brno, in what is now the Czech Republic.

he taught physics, botany, and natural science courses at the secondary and university levels.

In 1856, Mendel began a decade-long research project to investigate patterns of inheritance.

Mice

Honeybees

Plants

settling on garden peas (Pisum sativum) as his primary model system

Characters Studied Parents First Filial (F1) G

(P1 generation)

Seed shape Round Wrinkled Round 

Seed color Green Yellow Yellow

Seed coat color Colored White Colored

Pod shape Inflated Constricted Inflated

Pod color Green Yellow Green


Flower position Axial Terminal Axial

Stem length Long  Short  Long


He came to three important conclusions from these experimental results:

that the inheritance of each trait is determined by "units" or "factors" that are passed on to descendants unchanged (these units
are now called genes )

that an individual inherits one such unit from each parent for each trait

that a trait may not show up in an individual but can still be passed on to the next generation.

The Law of Dominance - An organism with alternate forms of a gene will express the form that is dominant.

The Law of Segregation – the pair of genes segregate or separate from each other during gamete formation.

The Law of Independent Assortment

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